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01.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15245

Interaction and non-Hermiticity controlled transmission in extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger models

作者:

Syeda Rafisa Rahaman↗Shreekantha Sil↗Nilanjan Bondyopadhaya↗

arXiv:2606.15245v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study the transport characteristics of an extended version of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model with next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interactions and non-Hermitian onsite energies. We observed that transport in such a system is significantly modified by the NNN interaction and the non-Hermitian terms. The transmission coefficient exhibits oscillatory behavior as the strength of the NNN interaction varies in a fixed-length chain. Moreover, the transmission coefficient also shows oscillation with system size for a fixed strength of the NNN interaction. We find that novel oscillatory behavior of the transmission coefficient, arising form the NNN interaction, is a unique feature of such a model and has not been reported previously. The presence of the non-Hermitian terms also enhances/reduces the transmission coefficient depending on the values of the other system parameters like intra-, inter- and NNN hopping. It appears from our study that both the NNN interaction and the non-Hermiticity introduce significant changes in the transport properties of the extended SSH chain, which are not observed in the standard Hermitian nearest-neighbour variant of the SSH model.

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02.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.20094

MakeupMirror: Improving Facial Attribute Preservation in Diffusion Models for Makeup Transfer

作者:

Nefeli Andreou↗Angel Mart\'inez-Gonz\'alez↗Sabine Sternig↗Matthieu Guillaumin↗Epameinondas Antonakos↗Michael Opitz↗

arXiv:2606.20094v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Makeup transfer models enable fun augmented reality (AR) experiences as well as virtual try-on (VTO) for online makeup shopping. While recent state-of-the-art diffusion based solutions such as Stable-Makeup dramatically improve the accuracy and realism of makeup transfer, they still face limitations in identity and skin color preservation, making production-level VTO for makeup shopping unrealistic. In this work, we propose MakeupMirror, a diffusion-based approach to makeup transfer that makes significant progress towards preserving facial features and skin tone. We introduce several technical innovations over Stable-Makeup: (1) integration of facial geometry conditioning with ControlNets to maintain facial fidelity; (2) region-specific makeup transfer control to enable precise makeup application across facial regions such as skin, eyes and lips; (3) skin tone-based makeup transfer modulation that prevent skin tone alteration in cross-subject transfer scenarios; and (4) integration of a Levenberg-Marquardt Langevin sampler to speed up inference while maintaining generation quality. Our experiments on CPM-Real, Makeup Wild, and (herein newly collected, more diverse) MakeupSelfies datasets show that MakeupMirror improves relative facial recognition similarity by +60%, reduces relative skin tone difference by -50% over Stable-Makeup, with a latency of 0.7s, while achieving expert acceptance rate of 94% across core facial identity preservation criteria.

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03.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17684

Geometrical fairness in graph neural networks

作者:

Arturo P\'erez-Peralta↗Sandra Ben\'itez-Pe\~na↗Blas Kolic↗Rosa E. Lillo↗

arXiv:2606.17684v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Graph-based learning methods have become increasingly prominent due to their strong performance across diverse applications. Among these, recent frameworks grounded in diffusion processes provide a unifying perspective that extends traditional graph neural network formulations while addressing limitations of standard message-passing mechanisms. Despite these advances, concerns remain regarding the fairness of such models, as they may propagate or amplify biases present in the data. In this work, we introduce a fairness-aware adaptation of graph-based diffusion by modifying the underlying Laplacian operator. Our approach incorporates multiple complementary transformations, including subspace projections, spectral adjustments, and frequency-based filtering, to mitigate bias-related components. Leveraging the intrinsic smoothing properties of graph diffusion, we provide a principled analysis of the resulting behavior and establish theoretical insights into fairness properties. We evaluate the proposed framework on both synthetic and real-world datasets, demonstrating that it achieves competitive performance while improving fairness metrics with limited additional computational cost.

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04.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.12082

Bound State Solutions of the Relativistic Finite-difference Equation for the Ring-shaped Quesne Oscillator Potential

作者:

Sh. M. Nagiyev↗Narmin Nasibova↗V. A. Tarverdiyeva↗G. H. Guliyeva↗

arXiv:2606.12082v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We solve exactly the relativistic finite-difference equation for the quantum three-dimensional ring-shaped Quesne oscillator potential. Our investigation is based on a finite-difference version of relativistic quantum mechanics. So-called relativistic configurational r-space is a key concept here. We show that the radial wavefunctions and angular wavefunctions are expressed through the continuous dual Hahn polynomials and Jacobi polynomials, respectively. A discrete energy spectrum has been found. The radial wave functions and energy spectrum have the correct nonrelativistic limit. We also build a dynamical symmetry group SU (1, 1) for the radial part of the equation of motion, which allows us to find the energy spectrum purely algebraically.

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05.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2603.08505

Echo2ECG: Enhancing ECG Representations with Cardiac Morphology from Multi-View Echos

作者:

Michelle Espranita Liman↗\"Ozg\"un Turgut↗Alexander M\"uller↗Eimo Martens↗Daniel Rueckert↗Philip M\"uller↗

arXiv:2603.08505v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Electrocardiography (ECG) is a low-cost, widely used modality for diagnosing electrical abnormalities like atrial fibrillation by capturing the heart's electrical activity. However, it cannot directly measure cardiac morphological phenotypes, such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), which typically require echocardiography (Echo). Predicting these phenotypes from ECG would enable early, accessible health screening. Existing self-supervised methods suffer from a representational mismatch by aligning ECGs to single-view Echos, which only capture local, spatially restricted anatomical snapshots. To address this, we propose Echo2ECG, a multimodal self-supervised learning framework that enriches ECG representations with the heart's morphological structure captured in multi-view Echos. We evaluate Echo2ECG as an ECG feature extractor on two clinically relevant tasks that fundamentally require morphological information: (1) classification of structural cardiac phenotypes across three datasets, and (2) retrieval of Echo studies with similar morphological characteristics using ECG queries. Our extracted ECG representations consistently outperform those of state-of-the-art unimodal and multimodal baselines across both tasks, despite being 18x smaller than the largest baseline. These results demonstrate that Echo2ECG is a robust, powerful ECG feature extractor. Our code is accessible at https://github.com/michelleespranita/Echo2ECG.

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06.

arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2606.24290

Optimal Couplings of Levy Processes in the Class of Immersion Couplings

作者:

Tau Shean Lim↗Ray Shua Ooi↗

arXiv:2606.24290v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study the optimal coupling problem for Levy processes on R^d with respect to the quadratic cost. For any two such processes with finite second moments, we prove that the optimal Levy coupling constructed in Kang and Lim (2025), which was previously shown to be optimal among Feller couplings, is in fact optimal among the larger class of immersion couplings. The proof makes use of a characterization of immersion couplings, which is equivalent to the classical martingale preservation definition but more convenient for our purposes. The construction is based on two fundamental ingredients: the existence of an optimal coupling within the class of Levy couplings, and a dual formulation of the associated optimization problem. While both results were previously established in Kang and Lim (2025), we provide here simpler and more transparent proofs relying only on optimal transport between infinitely divisible measures and a generalized minimax principle. These arguments are self-contained and may be of independent interest.

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07.

arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2601.10490

Malliavin Calculus for the stochastic Cahn-Hilliard equation driven by fractional noise

作者:

Dimitrios Dimitriou↗Dimitris Farazakis↗Georgia Karali↗

arXiv:2601.10490v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The stochastic partial differential equation analyzed in this work is the Cahn-Hilliard equation perturbed by an additive fractional white noise (fractional in time and white in space). We work in the case of one spatial dimension and apply Malliavin calculus to investigate the existence of a density for the stochastic solution $u$. In particular, we show that $u$ admits continuous paths almost surely and construct a localizing sequence through which we prove that its Malliavin derivative exists locally, and that its law is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure on $\bf R$, establishing thus that a density exists. A key contribution of this work is the analysis of the stochastic integral appearing in the mild formulation: we derive sharp estimates for the expectation of the $p$-th power ($p \geq 2$) of the $L^{\infty}(D)$-norm of this stochastic integral as well as for the integral involving the $L^{\infty}(D)$-norm of the operator associated with the kernel appearing in the integral representation of the fractional noise, all of which are essential for this study.

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08.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.19569

On the QUEST for Uncertainty Quantification via Highest Density Regions

作者:

Sam Goring↗Tom Kuipers↗Nicola Paoletti↗David S. Watson↗

arXiv:2606.19569v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is essential for reliable decision-making in safety-critical applications in probabilistic machine learning. For regression problems, dominant scalar UQ approaches - notably, those based on proper scoring rules - measure uncertainty via pointwise predictive risk. This can lead to counterintuitive results when the target statistic is not the conditional expectation. We propose an alternative framework, in which uncertainty is characterised by the volume of the most probable subset of a distribution's support. QUEST (Quantifying Uncertainty via highest dEnSiTy regions) is a novel approach to UQ based on the concentration of Lebesgue measure at a distribution's peak(s), evaluated at one or more values of a robustness parameter $\alpha$. We establish connections between our measures and classical statistics from information theory and economics. We show that, unlike popular alternatives based on proper scoring rules, QUEST measures of epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty satisfy a set of axioms adapted from the UQ literature, including monotonicity under distributional spread and invariance to location shifts. Selective prediction benchmarks confirm that QUEST performs favourably against standard measures such as variance and differential entropy.

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09.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2606.13053

EA-WM: Event-Aware World Models with Task-Specification Grounding for Long-Horizon Manipulation

作者:

Kailin Wang↗Haoxiang Jie↗Yaoyuan Yan↗Jiacheng Zhou↗Zhiyou Heng↗

arXiv:2606.13053v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Pretrained-feature world models provide a useful substrate for robot imagination, but visual or latent prediction alone does not determine whether an imagined future satisfies task-relevant events. Long-horizon manipulation requires progress signals that are relational, predicate-level, and physically grounded: whether an object has moved, whether a drawer or contact state has changed, whether a placement predicate is satisfied, and whether a candidate future is reliable enough for execution. We introduce EA-WM, an event-aware world-model framework that augments frozen visual-feature dynamics with task-specification-grounded event prediction and verification. EA-WM rolls out candidate futures in pretrained visual-feature space, decodes them into structured event states, and scores them using task-progress, semantic-consistency, physical-feasibility, and uncertainty terms. The verifier guides sampling-based planning, gates candidate actions, and, in the contact-sensitive LIBERO wine-rack setting, selects among PPOgenerated proposals. Across navigation, deformable-object, wall-constrained, and languagedescribed manipulation studies, EA-WM shows that event-aware verification can make featurespace world models more interpretable and better aligned with task progress.

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10.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2601.21817

A Judge-Aware Ranking Framework for Evaluating Large Language Models without Ground Truth

作者:

Mingyuan Xu↗Xinzi Tan↗Jiawei Wu↗Doudou Zhou↗

arXiv:2601.21817v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on open-ended tasks without ground-truth labels is increasingly done via the LLM-as-a-judge paradigm. A critical but under-modeled issue is that judge LLMs differ substantially in reliability; treating all judges equally can yield biased leaderboards and misleading uncertainty estimates. More data can make evaluation more confidently wrong under misspecified aggregation. We propose a judge-aware ranking framework that extends the Bradley-Terry-Luce model by introducing judge-specific discrimination parameters, jointly estimating latent model quality and judge reliability from pairwise comparisons without reference labels. We establish identifiability up to natural normalizations and prove consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator, enabling confidence intervals for score differences and rank comparisons. Across multiple public benchmarks and a newly collected dataset, our method improves agreement with human preferences, achieves higher data efficiency than unweighted baselines, and produces calibrated uncertainty quantification for LLM rankings.

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11.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2509.21862

Shachi: A Modular, Controllable Framework for LLM-Based Agent-Based Modeling of Emergent Collective Behavior

作者:

So Kuroki↗Yingtao Tian↗Kou Misaki↗Takashi Ikegami↗Takuya Akiba↗Yujin Tang↗

arXiv:2509.21862v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: How collective behaviors emerge from the interactions of individual LLM-driven agents is a central question in artificial life, yet controlled study of these emergent dynamics has been hindered by the lack of a principled simulation framework for systematic experimentation. To address this, we introduce Shachi, a principled methodology and modular framework that decomposes an agent's cognition into core components: Configuration for intrinsic identity, Memory for contextual continuity, and Tools for extended capabilities, all orchestrated by an LLM reasoning engine. This decomposition treats each cognitive component as an independently controllable variable, enabling perturbation studies that trace how micro-level cognitive traits propagate into population-level dynamics. We investigate behavioral patterns across a 10-task benchmark spanning three levels of collective complexity. Shachi enables memory transfer across environment transitions, producing history-dependent behavioral shifts, and allows agents to simultaneously inhabit multiple environments, revealing cross-environment interference invisible in single-environment studies. Furthermore, in a real-world U.S. tariff shock case study, locally interacting agents with individually controlled cognitive components produce macro-level market dynamics directionally consistent with observed real-world outcomes. Our work provides a rigorous, open-source simulation framework for LLM-based ABM, aimed at fostering cumulative scientific inquiry into the emergent collective behaviors of interacting artificial agents.

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12.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2604.01197

Learning and Generating Mixed States Prepared by Shallow Channel Circuits

作者:

Fangjun Hu↗Christian Kokail↗Milan Kornja\v{c}a↗Pedro L. S. Lopes↗Weiyuan Gong↗Sheng-Tao Wang↗Xun Gao↗Stefan Ostermann↗

arXiv:2604.01197v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Learning quantum states from measurement data is a central problem in quantum information and computational complexity. In this work, we study the problem of learning to generate mixed states on a finite-dimensional lattice. Motivated by recent developments in mixed state phases of matter, we focus on arbitrary states in the trivial phase. A state belongs to the trivial phase if there exists a shallow preparation channel circuit under which local reversibility is preserved throughout the preparation. We prove that any mixed state in this class can be efficiently learned from measurement access alone. Specifically, given copies of an unknown trivial phase mixed state, our algorithm outputs a shallow local channel circuit that approximately generates this state in trace distance. The sample complexity and runtime are polynomial (or quasi-polynomial) in the number of qubits, assuming constant (or polylogarithmic) circuit depth and gate locality. Importantly, the learner is not given the original preparation circuit and relies only on its existence. Our results provide a structural foundation for quantum generative models based on shallow channel circuits. In the classical limit, our framework also inspires an efficient algorithm for classical diffusion models using only a polynomial overhead of training and generation.

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13.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.14560

Free Heavy-Tailed Lunch for Muon: A Theoretical Justification of Empirical Success

作者:

Florian H\"ubler↗Thomas Pethick↗Suvrit Sra↗

arXiv:2606.14560v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Non-Euclidean optimisation methods with matrix-valued updates, such as Muon and Scion, have recently shown strong empirical performance for training Transformer models, yet their theoretical advantages over Euclidean methods remain poorly understood. We address this gap in the heavy-tailed non-convex regime, where stochastic gradients have bounded $p$-th central moments, $p \in (1,2]$. We show that certain non-Euclidean methods achieve optimal sample complexity under stronger stationarity measures, while Euclidean methods incur additional dimension-dependent costs. As a consequence, for $m \times n$ matrices, Muon finds an $\varepsilon$-stationary point in nuclear norm within $\mathcal{O}\left(\min\{m, n\} \frac{\Delta_1 L}{\varepsilon^2} \left(\frac \sigma \varepsilon \right)^{\frac p {p-1}}\right)$ samples, absorbing heavy-tailed noise without extra dimension dependence, unlike Euclidean methods. We further prove this sample complexity, including its dimension dependence, is optimal for all first-order methods under nuclear-norm stationarity. Experiments on large language models support our theory. Surprisingly, our results suggest that other Schatten geometries beyond the spectral geometry of Muon can perform competitively in certain settings.

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14.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2606.12637

Roto-Reflection Geometry of Pure Two-Qubit Entanglement

作者:

Stanislav Filatov↗Marcis Auzinsh↗

arXiv:2606.12637v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pure two-qubit entanglement is usually characterized by scalar quantities such as concurrence. Here we show that it also has a natural geometric form. In the Pauli correlation tensor, maximally entangled states appear as improper orthogonal maps between two local Bloch spheres. These maps are roto-reflections. For partially entangled pure states, the same roto-reflection geometry is recovered after separating the contraction associated with concurrence. We call the corresponding geometric object the Entanglement Roto-Reflection Plane (ERRP). It organizes the maximally correlated directions of the two-qubit state and provides a covariant geometric complement to the scalar magnitude of entanglement.

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15.

Nature (Science) 2026-06-24 DOI: HASH:4b829bc73b72ca19a9fbd6bd7c9afc9c

Genetic technologies to enhance crop nutritional value under climate change

作者:

Dominique Van Der Straeten↗

At present, more than 700 million people live with caloric hunger, and more than two billion suffer from micronutrient deficiencies, known as ‘hidden hunger’. From an agricultural viewpoint, three major objectives need to be worked towards simultaneously to achieve zero hunger (the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2): (1) enhanced yield; (2) higher vitamin and mineral density to sustain recommended daily intake (multi-biofortification); and (3) enhanced climate-change resilience. Although the Green Revolution increased global calorie production, it exacerbated hidden hunger by prioritizing high yield over nutritional quality. Stress from global climate change has been shown to reduce the densities of several micronutrients. CRISPR–Cas, which allows genome editing with extremely high precision, has emerged as a groundbreaking breeding technology that has already been adopted by many countries. Here we examine how CRISPR–Cas-based approaches could be used to achieve biofortification targets by enhancing micronutrient densities to the levels necessary to alleviate dietary vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Given the limited time frame available to achieve zero hunger, we argue that CRISPR–Cas technologies should be combined with metabolic engineering based on transformation and other technologies. We also consider untapped resources beyond metabolic pathways and current CRISPR–Cas methodologies to address one of the most important societal issues of the twenty-first century. This Review reflects on the joint power of genetic technologies, including untapped CRISPR–Cas techniques to combat hidden hunger and improve crop resilience, and argues in favour of their combined use to overcome these societal challenges.

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16.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2305.14985

IdealGPT: Iteratively Decomposing Vision and Language Reasoning via Large Language Models

作者:

Haoxuan You↗Rui Sun↗Zhecan Wang↗Long Chen↗Gengyu Wang↗Hammad A. Ayyubi↗Kai-Wei Chang↗Shih-Fu Chang↗

The field of vision-and-language (VL) understanding has made unprecedented progress with end-to-end large pre-trained VL models (VLMs). However, they still fall short in zero-shot reasoning tasks that require multi-step inferencing. To achieve this goal, previous works resort to a divide-and-conquer pipeline. In this paper, we argue that previous efforts have several inherent shortcomings: 1) They rely on domain-specific sub-question decomposing models. 2) They force models to predict the final answer even if the sub-questions or sub-answers provide insufficient information. We address these limitations via IdealGPT, a framework that iteratively decomposes VL reasoning using large language models (LLMs). Specifically, IdealGPT utilizes an LLM to generate sub-questions, a VLM to provide corresponding sub-answers, and another LLM to reason to achieve the final answer. These three modules perform the divide-and-conquer procedure iteratively until the model is confident about the final answer to the main question. We evaluate IdealGPT on multiple challenging VL reasoning tasks under a zero-shot setting. In particular, our IdealGPT outperforms the best existing GPT-4-like models by an absolute 10% on VCR and 15% on SNLI-VE. Code is available at https://github.com/Hxyou/IdealGPT

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17.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.14650

Graph Structured Combinatorial Semi-Bandit with Nonlinear Reward Associations through Separable Signals

作者:

Christoph Bauschmann↗Setareh Maghsudi↗

arXiv:2606.14650v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The identification of optimal structures within vast arrays of interconnected data necessitates significant sampling- and computational effort. Learning and leveraging underlying signal dependencies can improve efficiency and predictive capabilities considerably, but the ubiquity of nonlinear statistical relations amplifies the complexity of such undertakings. In this paper, we develop novel generic and adaptive strategies equipped with routines for graph-based causal reward modeling, analytic reproducing kernel methods, and Taylor approximation of functional processes. We establish theoretical performance guarantees sublinear in time and linear in data volume over time. Our analyses cover robustness to a multitude of uncertainties arising from noise interference, gradual model convergence, and solution space mismatch. The framework's general appeal is substantiated by a minimalistic set of conditions or reliance on prior estimates, while various outlined modifications address specific or extended settings. To demonstrate practical effectiveness, we conduct numerical experiments using both benchmarked synthetic and real-world transportation datasets.

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18.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.24978

Auto-Configured Explainable Graph Neural Networks for Multi-Site Pollution Prediction

作者:

Abdelkader Dairi↗Fouzi Harrou↗Ying Sun↗

arXiv:2606.24978v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate particulate matter (PM) prediction is crucial for mitigating air pollution. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) effectively model spatiotemporal dependencies, but predefined graphs limit adaptability, and some datasets complicate learning. This study introduces a graph construction method based on a confusion matrix from a supervised learning process to dynamically capture inter-class relationships. Additionally, a hybrid loss function that combines energy distance and Huber loss is applied to address the vanishing gradient problem and improve learning stability. The approach is evaluated using air pollution data from the University of Utah AirU Pollution Monitoring Network in Salt Lake City, UT, with five GNN models: Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), Simple Graph Convolutional Networks (SGConv), Graph Isomorphism Networks (GINs), Graph Attention Networks (GATs), and GraphSage. The experimental results of single- and multistep predictions confirm that GraphSage achieves the highest accuracy in predicting the concentrations of PM${1}$, PM${10}$, and PM$_{2.5}$ over different time horizons. Furthermore, {\color{black} GNNExplainer (Graph Neural Network Explainer) and PGExplainer (Probabilistic Graph Explainer)} are applied to interpret feature importance and graph structure, ensuring model transparency. Results show improved prediction accuracy, with GNN models outperforming traditional machine learning \textcolor{black}{and deep learning models (i.e., Prophet, Long short-term memory, Gated recurrent units} in air pollution forecasting.

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19.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.19256

X+Slides: Benchmarking Audience-Conditioned Slide Generation

作者:

Haodong Chen↗Xuanhe Zhou↗Wei Zhou↗Xinyue Shao↗Yanbing Zhu↗Bo Wang↗Jiawei Hong↗Anya Jia↗Fan Wu↗

arXiv:2606.19256v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automatically generating slide decks from source documents is an important application of large language models (LLMs). Existing benchmarks primarily assess slide completeness and technical depth, while overlooking the target audience as a critical real-world factor. For instance, specialists demand rigorous proofs, whereas decision-makers prioritize actionable conclusions. To bridge this gap, we introduce X+Slides, a benchmark specifically designed for audience-conditioned slide generation. Built on a diverse corpus spanning 113 topics and seven presentation scenes, X+Slides employs a dynamic evaluation framework constructed from 8,133 deduplicated, source-grounded probes. By assigning audience-specific utility weights to the same source-grounded probes, X+Slides reports four complementary metrics: Audience Coverage measures how much audience-essential information is conveyed, Domain-wise Coverage shows which information types are covered, Efficiency measures delivered utility per unit of attention cost, and Correctness verifies whether slide claims are supported by the source. Experiments on DeepPresenter, SlideTailor, and NotebookLM show that current systems can recover a substantial but still incomplete part of audience-essential information: at $\tau_A=0.7$, DeepPresenter reaches a best Audience Coverage of 0.714, SlideTailor reaches 0.594, and the NotebookLM ablation reaches 0.853 while showing clear grounding differences. These results indicate that visual quality and broad topic coverage should not be treated as evidence support without source-grounded evaluation.

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20.

bioRxiv (Bioinfo) 2026-06-24 DOI: HASH:d1f7d49c3301a62c51d1978a84b316c6

RNabel-A Standalone Software Tool for Annotating Tandem Mass Spectra of Modified Ribonucleic Acids

作者:

Song↗Du↗Y.-J. N↗Sun↗Dong↗M.-Q↗

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) modifications, with over 170 identified types, play diverse roles in cellular processes. The past decade has witnessed surging demand for accurate identification and localization of RNA modifications in both endogenous and synthetic therapeutic RNAs. With accurate spectral annotation for RNA, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) can meet this demand. Here we present RNabel, a user-friendly software tool for in-depth annotation of MS/MS spectra of RNA oligonucleotides. RNabel considers a full set of backbone-cleavage ions (a, b, c, d, a-B, w, x, y, z) in which the ribonucleotide unit could be A, U, C, G, Y (pseudouridine), or I (Inosine). Additionally, RNabel considers 196 modifications on the base, the phosphoribose linkage, the 5' or the 3' terminus, or detachment of a sub-nucleotide fragment as a neutral or charged group. Users can create new components if needed, including ribonucleotides, modifications, neutral or charged groups that could detach from a ribonucleotide. RNabel efficiently processes large datasets in four acceptable formats including .mgf, .raw, .txt from msConvert, and RNabel batch files. Multiple statistical metrics are provided for quality assessment of spectral annotation. To accelerate RNA modification analysis, RNabel is made freely available for Mac and Windows users at https://github.com/songge1111/RNabel/releases.

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21.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.19240

Seeing Through Occlusion: Deterministic Arm Kinematic Correction for Robot Teleoperation

作者:

Thomas M. Kwok↗Nicholas Koenig↗Yue Hu↗

Markerless, single-RGB-D-camera motion capture provides a low-cost and non-invasive alternative to conventional marker-based systems for robot teleoperation; however, depth estimation often degrades in the presence of self-occlusion, particularly during upper-limb motion. This paper presents an Arm Kinematic Correction (AKC) method that improves depth estimation by enforcing geometric constraints based on constant arm lengths. The proposed approach reconstructs occluded joint depths by leveraging wrist positions and predefined arm lengths via a deterministic formulation based on the Pythagorean theorem, thereby avoiding the need for complex probabilistic modeling or parameter tuning. Experimental validation against a Vicon reference system demonstrates reliable performance for both static and dynamic joint motions, evaluated using root-mean-square error (RMSE) and Pearson correlation. Furthermore, motion-mapping teleoperation is successfully demonstrated in both simulated and physical robot environments. The results show that AKC enhances robustness and preserves anatomical consistency under long-duration, severe self-occlusion, even when paired with less reliable temporal filters, highlighting its practicality for real-time applications such as robot teleoperation and human-robot interaction.

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22.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.20556

Thinking in Boxes: 3D Editing in Real Images Made Easy

作者:

Pradhaan S Bhat↗Naveen Chandra R↗Rishubh Parihar↗Vaibhav Vavilala↗R. Venkatesh Babu↗D. A. Forsyth↗Anand Bhattad↗

Text and 2D-conditioning interfaces provide weak, ambiguous control over spatial transformations in image editing – particularly under large object motions and camera changes. Prior work has used 3D primitives such as boxes, but only as loose conditioning signals indicating approximate object location rather than specifying the transformation. We instead use 3D boxes as structured specifications: the user provides the input and output boxes of the edit, casting editing as a well-posed geometry problem. This ``thinking in boxes'' interface, where each box face is color-coded to convey 3D orientation, gives precise control over translation, rotation, scaling, and viewpoint changes in real images while preserving scene and object identity, and recovering previously unseen object regions. To ground transformations in scene appearance, we introduce a depth-aligned planar floor as a global reference frame, shaded with depth-aware cues. Conditioned on this structure, an image generator produces consistent results under large transformations. Trained in two stages – on synthetic multi-object scenes and a small set of real-world videos from Objectron – the system generalizes to complex, in-the-wild real images. Our method operates directly on real photographs and substantially outperforms recent state-of-the-art methods on large 3D edits.

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23.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.16567

TNODEV: Toolbox for Neural ODE Verification

作者:

Abdelrahman Sayed Sayed↗Pierre-Jean Meyer↗Mohamed Ghazel↗

arXiv:2606.16567v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODE) have started to appear in safety critical settings such as continuous-time controllers for cyber-physical systems and classifiers integrated into automated decision pipelines, raising the question of whether their behavior can be formally verified. Existing tools dedicated to neural ODE provide only a single reachability call without iterative input set refinement, limiting the precision of their verdicts to whatever one reachability call can deliver. We present TNODEV, the first sound formal verifier for neural ODE that integrates a falsification checker, a fast interval-based reachability backend based on continuous-time mixed monotonicity, a verification and refinement loop with three input-set splitting heuristics, and a parallel scheduler in a single end-to-end pipeline. TNODEV supports safe-set inclusion verification on pure neural ODE, neural ODE in closed loop with a neural network controller and general neural ODE (GNODE), with the safe set specified either as an interval or as the half-space intersection induced by a target classification label. We evaluate TNODEV on a range of benchmarks across safe-set inclusion and classification-robustness properties, including a direct reachability comparison against NNV~2.0 and CORA and a verification comparison against NNV2.0 on MNIST general neural ODE classifiers.

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24.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2606.13282

ERTS: Adversarial Robustness Testing of Ethical AI via Semantic Perturbation in a Bounded Consequence Space

作者:

Pratyush Chaudhari↗

arXiv:2606.13282v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As AI systems are deployed in high-stakes ethical contexts such as healthcare triage, autonomous vehicle control, and employment screening, formal methods for evaluating their robustness against adversarial manipulation of ethical reasoning remain underdeveloped. This paper introduces the Ethical Robustness Testing System (ERTS), a closed-pipeline framework that: (1) encodes ethical dilemmas into a 22-dimensional Ethical Consequence Space (ECS) grounded in established ethical theory; (2) applies 17 semantic perturbation functions subject to 6 validity constraint classes including a novel semantic coherence constraint; (3) measures decision deviation via a 4-component Ethical Instability Index (EII); and (4) produces domain-adaptive pre-deployment robustness assessment verdicts. We evaluate 4 structured baseline models and 2 production LLMs (Gemini 2.0 Flash and Llama 3.2) across 50 ethical scenarios spanning 8 deployment domains, generating 1,500 adversarial test cases. Results demonstrate that only 33% of models achieve assessment clearance, with the local Llama-3.2 model proving particularly vulnerable to fairness corruption and information degradation attacks (ERS = 0.737). To the best of our knowledge, no existing framework combines a bounded ethical consequence space, semantic coherence constraints, and domain-adaptive assessment in a single adversarial testing pipeline.

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25.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.24963

Curvature-Guided Mixing for MLLM Adaptation

作者:

Jinglong Yang↗Jiaxuan He↗Wenjian Huang↗Zhan Zhuang↗Jianguo Zhang↗

Fine-tuning Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) on specialized tasks often leads to catastrophic forgetting of their general capabilities. Existing model merging methods to combat this are often heuristic or use sub-optimal objectives. We propose CurvatureGuided Mixing (CGM), a theoretically grounded framework that merges pre-trained and fine-tuned models. CGM formulates a joint optimization objective and uses a second-order (Hessian) approximation of the loss landscapes to analytically derive an optimal, closed-form "soft mixing" ratio. This ratio intelligently blends parameters based on their relative task-specific curvatures. We also introduce CGM$\dagger$, a robust "hard mixing" variant that performs sparse parameter selection guided by a novel, curvature-aware score. Experiments on LLaVA-1.5 and Qwen2.5VL across multiple downstream tasks show that CGM and CGM$\dagger$ consistently improve the trade-off between task specialization and general knowledge retention over existing methods. Code is available at github.com/zzsyjl/CGM-ECCV-2026.

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