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01.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-24

Inclusive Interactive Collisions for Multi-View Consistent Compositional 3D Generation

arXiv:2606.24206v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent breakthroughs in 3D generation have advanced notably with the development of text-to-image diffusion model. However, existing methods remain two practical challenges: (1) They primarily generate single 3D object, but struggle to generate multi-object compositional 3D assets due to the lack of the modeling for Gaussian primitives in reasonable interactions. (2) They often suffer from cross-view inconsistency during 3D optimization, as Score Distillation Sampling inherently performs on each single view, inevitably resulting in cross-view hallucinations. To solve above issues, we propose I2C-3D, a novel optimization-based method to generate multi-view consistent compositional 3D assets with reasonable interactions. Specifically, we propose an Inclusive Interactive Collisions strategy to guide Gaussian primitives appearing in reasonable interaction regions naturally, thereby ensuring objects in the compositional scene interact in a physically plausible and visually coherent way. Additionally, to enhance multi-view consistency, Multi-View Adaptive Score Distillation Sampling is devised to distill multi-view consistency prior and layout prior from pre-trained diffusion model by modulating attention map of instance token and spatial token across viewpoints. Benefiting from above elaborate designs, I2C-3D not only generates high-fidelity multi-view consistent compositional 3D assets but also supports 3D editing flexibly, facilitating complex scene generation. Extensive experiments demonstrate our I2C-3D outperforms existing methods in generation quality and multi-view consistency.

02.
Nature (Science) 2026-06-24

Zero-shot design of drug-binding proteins via neural iterative selection−expansion

Authors:

The design of proteins that bind to small molecules has been challenging because it requires simultaneous optimization of the protein sequence, protein structure and ligand conformation1–7. Current deep-learning algorithms have struggled to navigate this landscape, precluding the zero-shot design of binders. Here we show that by combining two neural networks in an iterative design algorithm, small-molecule binding proteins can be created from scratch with high accuracy. We trained a graph neural network—ligand-aware sequence engineering message-passing neural network (LASErMPNN)—to design compatible protein sequences for an input protein backbone and docked ligand. We paired  LASErMPNN with a structure predictor that models a three-dimensional protein–ligand complex for an input protein sequence and ligand identity. The closed-loop iteration of these reciprocal networks optimized sequence–structure–ligand compatibility, and outperformed a comparable design loop using a physics-based energy function. We used our strategy, termed neural iterative selection–expansion (NISE), to design proteins that, using different folds, specifically bind to two chemically distinct small-molecule drugs, exatecan and apixaban, with success rates of 100% and 83%, respectively. The tightest NISE binders had nanomolar-to-picomolar affinities, surpassing those of the next-leading method by 70-fold for exatecan and nearly 10,000-fold for apixaban. LASErMPNN then suggested two amino-acid substitutions that improved the affinity of the tightest exatecan binder by 100-fold without any experimental input. The optimized binder protected the labile lactone ring of exatecan from hydrolysis for days. Our work describes a general recipe for using neural networks to automate the design of small-molecule binding proteins for applications in drug delivery, sensing and catalysis.  By pairing two neural networks in an iterative optimization algorithm, small-molecule binding proteins can be designed from scratch with high accuracy, affinity and success rates, showing promise for applications in drug delivery and sequestration.

03.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-17

PhaseWin: An Efficient Search Algorithm for Faithful Visual Attribution

Visual attribution is a fundamental tool for interpreting modern vision and vision-language models, particularly when their decisions must be inspected, diagnosed, or audited. Its goal is to explain how a model's decision depends on local regions of the visual input, typically by assigning an importance ordering over candidate image regions. Given an image partitioned into $n$ regions, faithful attribution can be cast as an ordered subset-search problem, in which progressively inserting the selected regions should recover the target model response as early as possible. Exhaustive search over region subsets incurs exponential cost, while the widely used greedy search still requires a quadratic number of model evaluations, because every selection step rescores all remaining candidates. We propose PhaseWin, an efficient subset-search algorithm for faithful visual attribution. PhaseWin reorganizes greedy region selection into a phased window-search procedure: rather than re-evaluating the full candidate set at every step, it alternates between global candidate screening, adaptive pruning, and localized window refinement, while preserving the essential region-ranking behavior of greedy search. We analyze PhaseWin under monotone evidence-accumulation conditions and show that, under feature-level structural assumptions, it attains controllable linear evaluation complexity together with near-greedy faithfulness guarantees. Extensive experiments on image classification, object detection, visual grounding, and image captioning show that, among all compared attribution methods, PhaseWin reaches high faithfulness with the fewest forward passes, empirically realizing the predicted reduction from $O(n^2)$ to $O(n)$. The code is available at https://github.com/Qihuai27/phasewin-va.

04.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-11

Maternal deaths associated factors in the Conflict-Affected North West Region of Cameroon. Lessons from a cross-sectional survey

Background Maternal mortality is a significant global public health crisis, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and conflict-affected regions. Cameroon's maternal mortality ratio is high at 406 deaths per 100,000 live births, while the ongoing Anglophone conflict has further exacerbated maternal healthcare delivery in the North West Region (NWR){middle dot} Despite the evidence-based interventions like partographs, obstetric kits, birth preparedness plans, and active management of the third stage of labour, implementation gaps persist across health facilities. Objective The study aimed to assess factors related to preventable maternal deaths in the NWR of Cameroon by exploring maternal health service usage, implementation of obstetric measures, demand-side challenges, accessibility barriers, and health system weaknesses. Methodology The study employed a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey design{middle dot} Data was collected with structured questionnaires from postpartum women and healthcare workers in selected health facilities and catchment communities in the NWR{middle dot} Also, a multistage sampling technique was adopted, and Cochran's formula generated a sample size of 109 respondents{middle dot} In addition, data were analysed using SPSS version 27 and Stata version 18, employing descriptive and inferential statistics. Results In this study, while 70{middle dot}64 percent of females attended at least 4 ANC visits, only 38{middle dot}53 percent met WHO ANC adequacy requirements. Facility delivery was 96{middle dot}33 percent, yet only 38{middle dot}46 percent received completed delivery plans. Conflict-related challenges affected access, with 44{middle dot}95 percent reporting insecurity-associated movement difficulties, while 44{middle dot}95 percent reported increased transportation expenses due to the conflict. Near-miss complications were reported among 27.52 percent of participants. Delivery record reviews indicated that obstetric kits were utilised in 81{middle dot}76 percent of deliveries, partographs were accessible in 86{middle dot}49 percent of records but correctly filled in just 60{middle dot}81 percent , while oxytocin administration was 95{middle dot}95 percent. Integrated Health Centres showed poorer adherence with intrapartum interventions compared with District and Regional Hospitals (p

05.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-24

Projected epidemiologic and economic impact of the 7-1-7 outbreak response framework in Uganda: a stochastic modelling study of Bundibugyo Ebola virus

The 7 1 7 framework (detection 7 days, notification & 1 day, response & 7 days) is a global target for epidemic preparedness, but its prospective value during an active cross border outbreak has not been quantified. Using a stochastic SEIR model parameterised for Uganda with the Bundibugyo Ebola strain and three daily importation probabilities (10%, 30%, and the observed 56%), we compared a rapid 3 1 5 response (detection 3 days, notification 1 day, response 5 days) against a delayed counterfactual (detection 11 days, notification 10 days, response 12 days). The rapid response reduced median cumulative cases by 60 to 66% (26 to 31 cases vs. 76 to 80 cases) and deaths by 62 to 63% (3 deaths vs. 8 deaths) across all import levels, with total costs of USD 29.1 to 29.9 million compared to USD 37.4 to 38.1 million for the delayed scenario. The rapid response was strictly dominant (cost saving and life saving). Variance based Sobol sensitivity analysis identified the case fatality rate, import probability, and basic reproduction number as the most influential parameters, with detection and response delays contributing through interactions. Institutionalising the 7 1 7 framework in Uganda is projected to be highly cost effective and should be supported with sustainable domestic financing, community based surveillance at unofficial border points, three consecutive PCR laboratory capacity, and multilingual risk communication.

06.
PLOS Computational Biology 2026-06-09

Evolution of phenocopying in a dynamical model of developmental trajectories

by Yuuki Matsushita, Archishman Raju Developmental trajectories are known to be canalized, or robust to both environmental and genetic perturbations. However, even when these trajectories are decanalized by an environmental perturbation outside the range of conditions to which they are robust, they often produce phenotypes similar to known mutants, called phenocopies. This correspondence between the effects of environmental and genetic perturbations has received little theoretical attention. Here, we study an abstract regulatory model that is evolved to follow a specific trajectory. We then study the effects of small and large perturbations to the trajectory, both by changing parameters and by perturbing the state at specific times. We find that the phenomenon of phenocopying emerges in evolved trajectories and is not present in a null model of randomly sampled trajectories. Our results suggest that, in this class of dynamic models, evolution can allow high-dimensional phenotypic landscapes to simultaneously exhibit robustness and phenocopying.

07.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11

Can AI Agents Synthesize Scientific Conclusions?

Scientific AI agents increasingly retrieve evidence, reason across sources, and synthesize conclusions used in consequential decisions. Yet, their ability to do so in high-stakes domains such as health remains unclear. We introduce SciConBench, a large-scale live benchmark of 9.11K questions and expert-written conclusions from systematic reviews to evaluate open-domain scientific conclusion synthesis. The benchmark draws on an expert-validated automated evaluation pipeline that decomposes conclusions into atomic facts and measures correctness and comprehensiveness via factual precision and recall. To mitigate data leakage, we further introduce SciConHarness, a clean-room evaluation harness that equips agents with controlled web interaction to ensure valid measurement. Evaluating 8 frontier models and deep research agents, we find that factual quality remains low: under clean-room settings, the best agent achieves only a factual F1 of 0.337. Our clean-room setting consistently reduces performance relative to unconstrained evaluation, suggesting that leakage inflates estimates of models' true synthesis capabilities. Finally, we audit consumer-facing agents (e.g., Google AI Overview, OpenEvidence) and find they frequently generate incomplete and sometimes contradictory conclusions, even when the ground-truth answer is available. Overall, our results show that reliable synthesis of scientific conclusions remains an open challenge, and that clean-room evaluation is essential for assessing open-domain AI agents.

08.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16

Self-Supervised Learning as Discrete Communication

Most self-supervised learning (SSL) methods learn continuous visual representations by aligning different views of the same input, offering limited control over how information is structured across representation dimensions. In this work, we frame visual self-supervised learning as a discrete communication process between a teacher and a student network, where semantic information is transmitted through a fixed-capacity binary channel. Rather than aligning continuous features, the student predicts multi-label binary messages produced by the teacher. Discrete agreement is enforced through an element-wise binary cross-entropy objective, while a coding-rate regularization term encourages effective utilization of the constrained channel, promoting structured representations. We further show that periodically reinitializing the projection head strengthens this effect by encouraging embeddings that remain predictive across multiple discrete encodings. Extensive experiments demonstrate consistent improvements over continuous agreement baselines on image classification, retrieval, and dense visual prediction tasks, as well as under domain shift through self-supervised adaptation. Beyond backbone representations, we analyze the learned binary codes and show that they form a compact and informative discrete language, capturing semantic factors reusable across classes.

09.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16

LoComposition: Terrain-Adaptive Energy-Efficient Quadruped Locomotion without Gait Priors

arXiv:2606.15896v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Learning-based quadrupedal locomotion typically relies on complex reward formulations that entangle task specification, operational limits, gait preference, and terrain adaptation within a single optimization objective. We instead treat these functions through distinct mechanisms: rewards for task specification, constraints for operational limits, energy minimization for gait preference, and exteroceptive perception for adapting energy use to terrain difficulty. We show that these components jointly enable efficient, terrain-adaptive locomotion, and that removing each component exposes a distinct failure mode. Our formulation removes explicit gait priors (including air-time, contact-count, and foot-clearance targets) in favor of emergent behavior. Compared to a conventional complex-reward baseline, our formulation achieves comparable terrain traversal while reducing cost of transport by 56% and operational-limit violations by 96%. The resulting policies transfer zero-shot to a physical Unitree Go2 using LiDAR-based elevation mapping. Project website with videos: https://tinyurl.com/locomposition.

10.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-19

On the significance of Wigner's Friend in contexts beyond quantum foundations

arXiv:2402.08727v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: There has been a surge of recent interest in the Wigner's Friend paradox, sparking several novel thought experiments and no-go theorems. The main narrative has been that Wigner's Friend highlights a counterintuitive feature that is unique to quantum theory, and which is closely related to the quantum measurement problem. Here, we challenge this view. We argue that the gist of the Wigner's Friend paradox can be reproduced without assuming quantum physics, and that it underlies a much broader class of enigmas in the foundations of physics and philosophy. To show this, we first consider several recently proposed Extended Wigner's Friend scenarios, and demonstrate that some of their implications for the absoluteness of observations can be reproduced by classical thought experiments that involve the duplication of agents. Crucially, some of these classical scenarios are technologically much easier to implement than their quantum counterparts. Then, we argue that the essential structural ingredient of all these scenarios is a feature that we call "Restriction A": that a physical theory cannot give us a probabilistic description of the observations of all agents. Finally, we argue that this difficulty is at the core of other puzzles in the foundations of physics and philosophy, and demonstrate this explicitly for cosmology's Boltzmann brain problem. Our analysis suggests that Wigner's Friend should be studied in a larger context, addressing a frontier of human knowledge beyond quantum foundations: to obtain reliable predictions for experiments in which these predictions can be privately but not intersubjectively verified.

11.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-10

Documented clinical genetic testing among carriers of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer variants: Ancestry and socioeconomic disparities in the All of Us research program

Importance: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) variant carriers benefit from risk-reducing interventions, but only if identified. The extent to which carriers are clinically recognized, and whether recognition is equitable across diverse populations, is poorly characterized in a single large U.S. cohort. Objective: To estimate P/LP HBOC carrier prevalence across genetic ancestry groups, quantify documented clinical genetic testing among carriers, and evaluate ancestry and socioeconomic disparities in testing. Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross-sectional analysis of the All of Us Research Program Controlled Tier (Curated Data Repository v8/C2024Q3R9), comprising participants with short-read whole genome sequencing and linked electronic health record (EHR) and survey data. Carriers were ascertained from research genomic data independent of clinical testing. Exposures: Genetically inferred ancestry (African [AFR], Admixed American [AMR], East Asian [EAS], European [EUR], Middle Eastern [MID], South Asian [SAS]); self-reported household income and educational attainment. Main Outcomes and Measures: (1) Carrier prevalence with Wilson 95% CIs; (2) documented clinical genetic testing (procedure codes) among carriers; (3) adjusted odds of documented testing among women, by ancestry, before and after socioeconomic adjustment, using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among 414,830 participants, P/LP HBOC carrier prevalence was 1.42% (95% CI, 1.38-1.45) overall and similar across ancestry groups (AFR 1.24%, AMR 1.32%, EAS 1.19%, EUR 1.52%, MID 1.68%, SAS 1.33%; overlapping CIs). Among 250,071 women in the testing analysis, documented clinical genetic testing was rare: only 74 of 5,878 carriers overall (1.3%) and 59 of 3,572 European-ancestry carriers (1.7%) had a documented test, with counts below reportable thresholds in all other ancestry groups. African-ancestry women had lower adjusted odds of documented testing than European-ancestry women (Model 1 adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.27-0.39), an association that attenuated but persisted after adjustment for income and education (Model 2 aOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.40-0.58; P < 0.001); Admixed American women also had reduced adjusted odds (aOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.61-0.84). Lower income and lower education were independently and dose-dependently associated with lower testing odds (income

12.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-12

Explicit Quantum Circuit Simulation of Nonlinear 1-Dimensional Fluid with Carleman-linearized Boltzmann Method

arXiv:2606.12770v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantum computation of fluid dynamics has attracted growing attention as a key application of fault-tolerant quantum computers anticipated in the coming decade, with lattice Boltzmann methods emerging as a particularly promising approach. Explicit and efficient elementary-gate-level circuit simulations, however, have so far been demonstrated only in the linear case. Here we include the leading nonlinearity through second-order Carleman linearization of the one-dimensional Boltzmann equation, and demonstrate, via explicit quantum-circuit simulation, the preparation of the final-time state using a Taylor-expansion-based ODE solver based on the quantum singular value transformation. With this construction, we analyze the gate and qubit complexities, which scale logarithmically with the grid size, the nonlinearity captured by the higher-order Carleman linearization, and the practical utility of higher-order expansions in the Taylor ODE solver. The construction provides a concrete baseline for computational cost reduction and further developments such as extensions to higher dimensions, complex geometries, and the extraction of physical quantities, towards industrially useful quantum CFD.

13.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-24

EnerInfer: Energy-Aware On-Device LLM Inference

arXiv:2606.23001v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: On-device LLM inference is increasingly attractive for privacy-preserving, reliable, and cost-effective deployment, yet its energy and thermal costs remain a critical bottleneck. Existing systems primarily optimize for decoding speed, implicitly assuming that faster execution is always preferable. We show instead that on-device LLM inference often has exploitable configuration slack: modestly lowering NPU and memory frequencies preserves quality of experience (QoE) while substantially improving energy efficiency and reducing heat. Realizing this opportunity in production is challenging. The most energy-efficient NPU/DDR setting varies with the model, inference engine, platform, and runtime conditions, with no stable ranking across configurations. Commercial devices further lack component-level power sensing, and shell temperature evolves with request arrivals, response lengths, and thermal history. To address these challenges, we propose EnerInfer, the first on-device LLM inference framework that jointly manages energy efficiency, throughput, and thermal comfort for LLM workloads. EnerInfer replaces per-model profiling and sensor-heavy control with disaggregated, model-structure-aware prediction and ranking-driven online feedback. It predicts throughput and power for unseen LLMs across NPU/DDR frequency settings, selects QoE-satisfying efficient configurations under runtime interference, and uses lightweight limited-horizon thermal prediction to dynamically switch between energy-optimized and thermally constrained inference. Evaluations on real-world LLMs show that EnerInfer improves energy efficiency by up to 65%, 12%, and 24% on phones, a laptop, and a development board, respectively, without QoE violation.

14.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-19

The ACUTE Protocol: Operationalizing Language Model Activations for Better Calibration, Utility, and Trust

As language models improve and become increasingly deployed to solve a variety of tasks, trustworthiness becomes essential. Calibration is a good proxy for trust: well-calibrated confidence estimates help inform the risk versus reward tradeoff when trusting a specific model output. Unfortunately, even as models improve, they remain poorly calibrated, often biasing towards overconfidence. Additionally, calibration can be gamed: a policy that always predicts the base rate is perfectly calibrated, but completely uninformative. To resolve this, we develop a new metric, expected utility renormalized by the oracle (EURO), that balances calibration and informativeness. We also propose a general-purpose activation-based confidence, utility, and trust estimation protocol (ACUTE) to appropriately adjudicate uncertainty. The ACUTE protocol provides flexible, sample-efficient, and compute-efficient confidence estimators for 3 tasks including multiple choice question answering, tool-calling, and scientific document summarization across 6 models from 4 model families. ACUTE outperforms strong baselines on EURO, while maintaining low calibration error. Taken together, our work shows that equipping LLMs with the ACUTE protocol can improve calibration, utility, and trustworthiness in numerous settings.

15.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-24

Ten Digits on a Train: AI-Assisted Verification of Two Eigenvalue Problems

arXiv:2606.23821v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate numerical eigenvalues are often difficult to certify, especially in singular or non-normal settings. This article reports a human–AI collaboration on two such computations. For a singular self-adjoint Schrödinger operator, a verified zero count and Dirichlet–Neumann bracketing certify the complete negative spectrum to ten decimal places. For a delicate non-normal atom–molecule benchmark, a previously unresolved resonance pair is separated, with each member enclosed to ten digits. The second result is achieved not by increasing the precision of one-way shooting, but by reformulating the problem as a global matching system for projective solution lines. The infinite tail is encoded as uncertainty in the terminal projective data, and a componentwise, tail-robust Krawczyk–Brouwer inclusion supplies the certificate. This gives a reusable architecture for analytic boundary-value systems with ill-conditioned propagation and uncertain asymptotic data. The collaboration also exposes the strengths and limits of AI assistance. AI rapidly produced accurate candidates and plausible proof strategies, but several failed, including one apparently complete tail argument that omitted the componentwise check required by a nonuniform polydisc. Validated computation is a stringent test of AI-assisted mathematics: the output is not merely a number, but a number with a proof. These examples show why the proof object matters, and why human mathematical judgment remained decisive. More broadly, as AI makes code, exposition, and plausible numerical claims inexpensive, standards for verification, attribution, peer review, and training must adapt. The implications are unsettling; the opportunity is extraordinary.

16.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-12

OCOO-T : A Simple and Scalable Virtual Cell Model for Transcriptional Perturbation Response Prediction

arXiv:2606.12838v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Predicting single-cell transcriptional responses to genetic, chemical and cytokine perturbations is a fundamental challenge in computational biology and AI Virtual Cell (AIVC) modeling, with direct implications for drug discovery and the elucidation of gene regulatory networks. Existing approaches often rely on auxiliary cell-state encoders, hierarchical variational autoencoders, dedicated Transformer encoder-decoder modules, or gene-interaction priors to compress high-dimensional expression profiles into latent representations. While effective, these designs increase architectural complexity and may limit scalability and generalizability. This paper introduces OCOO-T, a minimalist flow-matching-based AIVC model for transcriptional perturbation response prediction. OCOO-T utilizes a vanilla Transformer stack that operates directly on continuous gene expression profiles and formulates perturbation response prediction as a continuous-time denoising process. Perturbation embeddings, dosage information, and cell-line/cell-type specificity are integrated through adaptive layer normalization and in-context tokens. Comprehensive evaluations on Tahoe100M, Replogle, and PBMC benchmarks demonstrate that OCOO-T achieves state-of-the-art performance across diverse perturbations and cell types while effectively scaling to long transcriptional profiles through patching and depatching of cellular contexts. By leveraging the simplicity of Transformer-based denoising for single-cell omics, OCOO-T provides an effective and scalable framework for in-silico cellular simulation.

17.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16

Scalable Pairwise Kernel Learning with Stochastic Vec Trick

arXiv:2606.16979v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pairwise learning is a specialized form of supervised learning that focuses on predicting outcomes for pairs of objects. In this work, we introduce SPaiK, a new scalable kernel learning method tailored for pairwise settings. Our approach preserves the expressive power of kernel methods while substantially reducing computational and memory requirements. The key innovation is the stochastic generalized vec trick (sGVT), a stochastic extension of the sparse Kronecker product multiplication algorithm, which enables efficient large-scale training with pairwise kernels. By incorporating sGVT, SPaiK makes it possible to apply kernel-based pairwise learning to datasets of a size previously out of reach. We evaluate the performance of SPaiK on seven real-world drug-target affinity datasets and compare the results with state-of-the-art methods in pairwise learning.

18.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-12

Fed-FBD: Federated Functional Block Diversification for Isolation, Privacy, and Surgical Unlearning

arXiv:2606.12679v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without sharing raw patient data, but standard approaches such as FedAvg treat each client as a black box and provide no mechanism for isolating an adversarial contributor, auditing per-client influence, or honoring a departed participant's right to be forgotten. We present Fed-FBD (Federated Functional Block Diversification), a modular federated architecture that decomposes a ResNet backbone into six functional blocks (the stem, four residual groups, and the classification head) and maintains a warehouse of N color variants, each assembled from independently tracked and contributor-stamped blocks. Fed-FBD provides three capabilities absent in FedAvg: (i) architecturally guaranteed block-level isolation, so that an adversarial or mislabelled client cannot contaminate the clean colous; (ii) privacy-by-design, where membership inference advantage is already indistinguishable from chance before any privacy mechanism is applied; and (iii) surgical machine unlearning of a departed participant's contribution at sub-second cost and without retraining. Experiments on six MedMNIST-2D datasets, PathMNIST at 224x224, and CIFAR-10 show that Fed-FBD trades a modest 0.3%-3.1% IID accuracy gap on the adequately sized datasets for these guarantees, remains within 0.8%-4.0% of FedAvg at Dirichlet alpha=1.0 on three of four datasets, and confines all six adversarial attacks we study to the poisoned client's own blocks with at most +/-0.01 AUC drift on the clean colors.

19.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-12

SupraBench: A Benchmark for Supramolecular Chemistry

Supramolecular chemistry, which includes the study of non-covalent host-guest assemblies, has advanced various applications. However, designing host-guest systems remains time-consuming, requiring days of dry-lab verification per candidate pair. Although LLMs have emerged as a fast alternative with strong performance on molecular binding tasks, no benchmark currently systematically evaluates LLMs for host-guest reasoning across fundamental supramolecular chemistry tasks, e.g., binding affinity prediction. To this end, we collaborate with domain experts to release the first Supramolecular Benchmark, called SupraBench, to evaluate LLMs in chemistry reasoning. Specifically, we design four fundamental tasks, i.e., binding affinity prediction, top-binder selection, solvent identification, and host-guest description, plus an auxiliary vision-based task for molecular identification. We also release SupraPMC, a curated 16M-token corpus of Supramolecular chemistry articles distilled from Europe PMC, to support the adaptation to the supramolecular domain. We benchmark a broad range of open and proprietary LLMs and find that LLMs leave substantial headroom across all tasks. Domain adaptation pretraining over SupraPMC transfers cleanly to in-distribution regression but trades off against strict letter-format output. Moreover, the difficulty profile differs sharply across task families, revealing distinct failure modes that indicate specific gaps in current supramolecular chemistry reasoning. Our source codes and benchmark datasets are available at https://github.com/Tianyi-Billy-Ma/SupraBench.

20.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-15

Free Heavy-Tailed Lunch for Muon: A Theoretical Justification of Empirical Success

arXiv:2606.14560v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Non-Euclidean optimisation methods with matrix-valued updates, such as Muon and Scion, have recently shown strong empirical performance for training Transformer models, yet their theoretical advantages over Euclidean methods remain poorly understood. We address this gap in the heavy-tailed non-convex regime, where stochastic gradients have bounded $p$-th central moments, $p \in (1,2]$. We show that certain non-Euclidean methods achieve optimal sample complexity under stronger stationarity measures, while Euclidean methods incur additional dimension-dependent costs. As a consequence, for $m \times n$ matrices, Muon finds an $\varepsilon$-stationary point in nuclear norm within $\mathcal{O}\left(\min\{m, n\} \frac{\Delta_1 L}{\varepsilon^2} \left(\frac \sigma \varepsilon \right)^{\frac p {p-1}}\right)$ samples, absorbing heavy-tailed noise without extra dimension dependence, unlike Euclidean methods. We further prove this sample complexity, including its dimension dependence, is optimal for all first-order methods under nuclear-norm stationarity. Experiments on large language models support our theory. Surprisingly, our results suggest that other Schatten geometries beyond the spectral geometry of Muon can perform competitively in certain settings.

21.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-19

DeXposure-Claw: An Agentic System for DeFi Risk Supervision

Decentralized finance exposes supervisors to fast-moving, networked credit risks. General-purpose LLM agents fit this setting poorly: they over-read weak evidence and recommend high-stakes interventions, while existing evaluations offer no regulator-aligned way to measure the resulting false alarms. We introduce DeXposure-Claw, a forecast-grounded agentic supervision system that routes LLM decisions through structured evidence: (1) DeXposure-FM, a graph time-series foundation model, forecasts future exposure networks; (2) deterministic monitors and stress scenarios then turn those forecasts into typed alerts, attribution signals, and scenario evidence; and (3) data-health and confidence gates constrain escalation before DeXposure-Claw emits auditable supervisory tickets with rationales. We further develop DeXposure-Bench, a six-axis evaluation harness, whose decision axis scores tickets against a regulator-aligned absolute-loss ground truth and an explicit false-intervention rate. Experiments on five years of weekly real data fully support our system. Code is at https://github.com/EVIEHub/DeXposure-Claw.

22.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-11

MultiToP: Learning to Patch Visual Tokens to Mitigate Hallucinations in Video Large Multimodal Models

Video Large Multimodal Models have achieved remarkable progress in video understanding, yet they remain prone to hallucinations, where generated responses are not faithfully supported by the input video. In this paper, we propose MultiToP, a multimodal-context-aware visual token patching framework that mitigates hallucinations by refining unreliable visual tokens before language generation. MultiToP introduces a lightweight Visual Token Patcher to predict token-level replacement distributions and selectively substitute unreliable visual tokens with a dynamic global patch token. To train the patcher effectively, we further propose information-guided rank calibration, which uses answer-conditioned frame-level information cues derived from the backbone to guide token replacement. Combined with ground-truth answer supervision and sparsity regularization, MultiToP enables localized visual evidence refinement without modifying the original model. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MultiToP effectively reduces hallucinations on Vript-HAL with negligible inference overhead, improving the F1 scores of Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct by 50.60% over the vanilla model. Meanwhile, MultiToP preserves general video understanding ability, yielding an 18.58% relative accuracy gain on ActivityNet-QA for Video-LLaVA-7B.

23.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-24

Topological entanglement and number theory

arXiv:2410.01492v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The recent developments in the study of topological multi-boundary entanglement in the context of 3d Chern-Simons theory (with gauge group $G$ and level $k$) suggest a strong interplay between entanglement measures and number theory. The purpose of this note is twofold. First, we introduce a $q$-deformed version of the Witten zeta function using the Chern-Simons theory at level $k$. We analyze the large $k$ limit of this function and show that it converges to an integer multiple of the classical Witten zeta function of $G$, where the integer multiple is precisely the order of the center of the group. This analysis provides an alternative way to compute the classical zeta functions, and we present some examples. Next, we study the quantum state associated with the $S^3$ complement of torus links of type $T_{p,p}$ and show that we can write the Rényi entropies at finite $k$ in terms of $q$-deformed Witten zeta functions. Using our first result, we obtain the $k \to \infty$ limit of the Rényi entropies and find that the entropies converge to finite values, which can be written in terms of the classical Witten zeta functions evaluated at positive integers. Since Witten zeta functions naturally appear in the symplectic volumes of moduli spaces of flat connections on Riemann surfaces, we give a geometric interpretation of the $k \to \infty$ limit of the Rényi and entanglement entropies in terms of these volumes. The results of this paper reveal an intriguing connection between topological entanglement, number-theoretic structures arising from Witten zeta functions, and the geometry of moduli spaces.

24.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-15

DRIVE: Distributional and Retrieval-Augmented Bidding with Value Evaluation

arXiv:2606.14192v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Auto-bidding is a core component of real-time advertising systems, where decisions must optimize long-term performance under budget and cost constraints, while online exploration is prohibitively risky. Offline reinforcement learning and, more recently, Transformer-based sequence modeling have shown promise for learning bidding policies from logged data, but their unimodal and purely parametric formulations often collapse multiple effective bidding strategies into suboptimal averaged actions and perform unreliably under sparse or long-tail traffic. To mitigate these limitations, we propose DRIVE (Distributional and Retrieval-Augmented Bidding with Value Evaluation), a unified Transformer-based framework that decouples candidate action generation from decision making for offline auto-bidding. DRIVE combines distributional action modeling, retrieval-augmented candidate generation from high-quality historical decisions, and value-based evaluation to select the most promising bid at inference time. Extensive experiments on AuctionNet and additional offline reinforcement learning benchmarks demonstrate that DRIVE consistently improves bidding performance and generalizes well across multiple Transformer-based methods.

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arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-18

MIDS: Detecting Stealthy Masquerade and Tampering Attacks on CAN Bus via Bidirectional Mamba

arXiv:2606.18599v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol is the primary communication standard for Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in modern vehicles, but its lack of encryption and authentication exposes it to a range of security threats. Existing intrusion detection systems are largely tuned to fabrication-style attacks (DoS, fuzzing, ID spoofing realised by frame injection), in which detection signals such as per-ID inter-arrival statistics are readily available. We instead address the harder masquerade setting[b37], in which an internal adversary substitutes a legitimate frame in-situ at its original transmission slot, preserving traffic periodicity and rendering traffic-statistic defences ineffective. We propose the Mamba Intrusion Detection System (MIDS), an innovative dual-stream framework that processes CAN identifiers and payloads in parallel and reconstructs their joint temporal semantics through bidirectional selective state-space modelling. To evaluate MIDS, we collected over 100 million CAN frames from a physical Tesla Model 3 across three driving regimes and synthesised 54 masquerade attack variants spanning ID-only, data-only, and combined modifications. MIDS attains an F1 of 96.94\% on this dataset, exceeding the strongest reproducible baseline by more than 8 percentage points, while sustaining a 1.147~ms single-window inference latency – ample headroom for real-time onboard deployment. To verify generalisation, we further evaluate MIDS on four public benchmarks (ROAD, CrySyS, OTIDS, CT\&T) covering both masquerade and injection scenarios; MIDS attains F1 from 93.70\% to 99.61\%, outperforming the strongest of eight reproduced baselines by up to 13.94 percentage points under a unified 5-fold protocol.