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01.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.20212

CzechDocs: A Multiway Parallel Dataset of Formatted Documents for Minority Languages in Czechia

作者:

We present CzechDocs, a multiway parallel dataset of formatted documents (HTML, DOCX, and PDF) covering Czech and minority languages used in Czechia-primarily Ukrainian and English, with smaller portions of Vietnamese, Russian and other languages. The dataset is designed to support the evaluation of machine translation systems that aim to preserve document formatting during translation. We provide a comparison of the most common approaches to format-preserving machine translation on a validation subset of the dataset. This validation split, together with the evaluation toolkit, is publicly released for further research. A held-out test split will be reserved for a future shared task focused on document-level translation with formatting preservation.

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02.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17627

Divide, Deliberate, Decide: A Multi-Agent Framework for Fine-Grained Egocentric Action Recognition

作者:

Alessandro Sottovia ↗Alessandro Torcinovich ↗Oswald Lanz ↗

Fine-grained action recognition in egocentric video is challenging for Vision-Language Models (VLMs): actions often differ only in small visual cues, and a single model tends to be biased toward a subset of these cues. We propose Divide, Deliberate, Decide, a fully-local, zero-shot multi-agent framework in which (i) a VLM orchestrator chunks the video and proposes a top-k candidate label list per segment, (ii) an ensemble of heterogeneous VLM specialists, drawn from different open model families, engages in a structured deliberation that includes a peer-consultation round of questions, and (iii) agent rankings are aggregated with a Borda count and the orchestrator re-ranks its own prediction in light of the specialists' evidence. The entire pipeline runs locally with no fine-tuning. Experiments show that our method positively improves zero-shot action recognition performance over the baseline, highlighting the influence of a heterogeneous deliberation step, showing that the gain stems from decorrelated model priors rather than from additional compute.

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03.

bioRxiv (Bioinfo) 2026-06-16 DOI: HASH:4021419c4f98e34748acb98b70ceffb0

Expanding gene regulatory networks from transcriptome data through graphical modeling with heterogeneous priors

作者:

Kokaji ↗Suzuki ↗K. T ↗Kunida ↗Sakumura ↗

Gene regulatory network inference is widely used to reconstruct large-scale networks and identify functional genes from transcriptome data. Meanwhile, in many biological fields, core regulatory genes have been extensively studied, leading to the establishment of small-scale gene regulatory networks, and novel genes connected to these networks remain to be identified. However, methods for expanding existing gene networks by identifying novel regulatory interactions, rather than reconstructing the entire network, are not well established. Here, we propose a method for gene network expansion that incorporates known regulatory relationships and evaluates each candidate gene individually to infer its regulatory connections to the existing network. Using simulated datasets from the DREAM4 benchmark and the PRECISE-1K experimental dataset, our method outperformed conventional methods by incorporating prior knowledge. In particular, it improved the ability to distinguish true regulatory interactions from indirect associations arising from strong correlations among genes in the existing network. The method also showed strong performance for interactions involving genes with high outdegree or centrality. Furthermore, it maintained stable performance as the size of the existing network increased and was robust to noise in prior information. These results demonstrate that our method provides an effective framework for expanding existing gene regulatory networks by leveraging prior knowledge.

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04.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.06794

TA-RAG: Tone-Aware Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Peer-Support Health Communication

作者:

Yong-Bin Kang ↗Anthony McCosker ↗

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) successfully grounds large language model (LLM) outputs in trusted documents, but factual grounding alone is insufficient for sensitive peer-support health communication. In domains such as HIV peer support, responses must also be accessible, stigma-free, empathetic, and tailored to the recipient. This paper presents TA-RAG, a lightweight, prompt-based tone-aware RAG framework that embeds explicit tone control into a RAG pipeline without requiring model fine-tuning. We operationalise tone across four core components: stigma-free rewriting, readability adjustment, recipient adaptation, and empathy rephrasing. We evaluate TA-RAG through component-level tests using questions derived from HIV Online Learning Australia (HOLA), UNAIDS terminology guidance, readability metrics, peer-support standards from National Association of People with HIV Australia (NAPWHA), and a public empathy dataset. Results show that the TA-RAG's components improve their targeted communication quality while preserving key content. These findings emphasise that prompt-based tone control is a potential direction for making RAG outputs suitable for sensitive peer-support health communication.

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05.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2605.06738

Trust Without Trusting: A Recomputable Trust Protocol for Autonomous Agents

作者:

Lars Kersten Kroehl ↗

arXiv:2605.06738v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Autonomous AI agents already transact at production scale – 69,000 bots, 165 million transactions, $50 million in volume on a single marketplace – and any party can verify a signed credential without a central service. In an open agent world that covers most of what trust requires: there are no universal borders, and each party chooses for itself whom to deal with. Borders appear only where a closed space draws one – a marketplace, a platform, or a consortium sets house rules. Whoever draws the border holds the authority to apply it, and may apply it as they choose, behind closed doors. This paper addresses the gap that opens there: when you rely on someone else's border, how do you check that they applied their own published rules – taking no one's word for it, and handing the check to no new trusted party? Our answer is the Combined Evidence Protocol (CEP): a five-condition predicate any party recomputes from anchored data, turning "did the boundary-owner follow its own admission rules" into a fact anyone verifies rather than a claim anyone believes. The move that secures optimistic rollups secures this – correctness rests on recomputation, so the measurement belongs to everyone and the oracle problem dissolves. Its load-bearing setting is a consortium of co-equal, mutually distrusting peers under a shared charter, each able to verify, independently, that the rules they jointly agreed are the rules being applied. CEP belongs to the family of trustless systems – optimistic and zero-knowledge rollups, verifiable ML, self-sovereign-identity predicates. The infrastructure beneath it is live: a W3C VC + DID trust layer running since March 2026, anchored on Base L2, continuing arXiv:2605.06738 and standing on its own.

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06.

Nature (Science) 2026-06-17 DOI: HASH:fa53abd4fcad6bfbfea0e5906032aa27

A blastoporal organizer in a ctenophore

作者:

Stanislav Kremnyov ↗

In an iconic experiment in 1924, Hilde Mangold and Hans Spemann established that the dorsal blastopore lip of amphibian embryos functions as an organizer and induces a secondary body axis when transplanted into a host embryo1. This discovery demonstrated that specific embryonic regions can regulate embryonic patterning and lead to the establishment of an entire body axis. Subsequent studies have revealed that cnidarians, the sister group to Bilateria, also possess a blastoporal embryonic organizer2,3. However, the evolutionary origin of the organizer remains unclear. Here we report that the blastopore lip of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, a member of the evolutionary sister group to all other metazoans4,5, exhibits organizer activity. We show that transplanted fragments of blastopore lip tissue from M. leidyi gastrula induce secondary pharynx and mouth formation. Moreover, transphyletic transplantation experiments show that the blastopore lip of M. leidyi leads to the generation of a secondary body axis in embryos of the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. Organizer function in M. leidyi requires both β-catenin and TGFβ signalling, and the TGFβ-family ligands probably provide this inductive capacity. These findings reveal the deep homology of the blastoporal organizer in ctenophores, cnidarians and vertebrates, implying the ancestral organizer role of the blastopore lip. We propose that the emergence of the organizer was an essential innovation that facilitated the change from the temporal cell differentiation of unicellular relatives to the spatial cell differentiation of the first multicellular embryo. Experiments using the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi and the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis reveal that the emergence of a core signalling pathway may have been a key innovation enabling the transition to multicellularity in animals.

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07.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.13911

Overhead Wildlife Locator (OWL): Benchmarking Weakly Supervised Learning for Aerial Wildlife Surveys

作者:

Automated aerial wildlife surveys increasingly rely on deep learning, yet standard object detectors require bounding-box annotations, reported to be up to seven times slower and three times more expensive to produce than point-level labels. To address this bottleneck, we introduce the Overhead Wildlife Locator (OWL), a weakly supervised density-estimation framework with three variants: OWL-C, a fully convolutional model for high-throughput screening; OWL-T, a Swin-augmented hybrid for heterogeneous, cluttered scenes; and OWL-D, built on a frozen DINOv3 ViT-H+/16 encoder with a DPT-style fusion decoder. We benchmark all three against POLO, YOLOv11n, and YOLOv11l across five public aerial datasets, from sparse fixed-wing savanna surveys to dense UAV paddock imagery, and against the published HerdNet baseline on its native Delplanque split. OWL-D sets a new state of the art on Delplanque (0.934 AP vs. HerdNet's 0.840) and records the highest AP on four of the five datasets. Performance is regime-dependent: on the extreme-density SheepCounter UAV dataset the hybrid OWL-T leads (0.978 AP) and the convolutional variants attain the lowest counting error, whereas the foundation-based OWL-D degrades, indicating which variant suits which survey type. We further validate operational readiness on the Alaska Department of Fish and Game's 2022 Central Arctic Caribou census: under cross-herd and cross-temporal transfer, OWL-C fine-tuned on the 2017 Porcupine Caribou Herd split attains F1 = 0.965 on a held-out patch test set, with a signed count error of +3.1% aggregated across the released test patches. We release the OWL code, model weights, and the annotated Porcupine Caribou Herd 2017 (PCH) and Central Arctic Herd 2022 (CAH) patches, the first open patch-level datasets for large-scale caribou aerial surveys, at https://github.com/microsoft/MegaDetector-Overhead.

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08.

arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2605.01894

Poisson approximation by coupling

作者:

Rinaldo B. Schinazi ↗

arXiv:2605.01894v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: It is well known that a binomial $(n,p)$ can be approximated by a Poisson distribution with parameter $np$. The typical approach in undergraduate probability texts is to show a convergence result for the distribution of the binomial as $n$ goes to infinity and $np$ converges to some $\lambda$. In this note we use instead the coupling technique to show a much more general result. Moreover, we only use elementary results from probability.

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09.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2605.10907

Engineering Robustness into Personal Agents with the AI Workflow Store

作者:

Roxana Geambasu ↗Mariana Raykova ↗Pierre Tholoniat ↗Trishita Tiwari ↗Lillian Tsai ↗Wen Zhang ↗

arXiv:2605.10907v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The dominant paradigm for AI agents is an "on-the-fly" loop in which agents synthesize plans and execute actions within seconds or minutes in response to user prompts. We argue that this paradigm short-circuits disciplined software engineering (SE) processes – iterative design, rigorous testing, adversarial evaluation, staged deployment, and more – that have delivered the (relatively) reliable and secure systems we use today. By focusing on rapid, real-time synthesis, are AI agents effectively delivering users improvised prototypes rather than systems fit for high-stakes scenarios in which users may unwittingly apply them? This paper argues for the need to integrate rigorous SE processes into the agentic loop to produce production-grade, hardened, and deterministically-constrained agent *workflows* that substantially outperform the potentially brittle and vulnerable results of on-the-fly synthesis. Doing so may require extra compute and time, and if so, we must amortize the cost of rigor through reuse across a broad user community. We envision an *AI Workflow Store* that consists of hardened and reusable workflows that agents can invoke with far greater reliability and security than improvised tool chains. We outline the research challenges of this vision, which stem from a broader flexibility-robustness tension that we argue requires moving beyond the ``on-the-fly'' paradigm to navigate effectively.

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10.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.16959

Diagonal-Budgeted Trotterization for Efficient Quantum Hamiltonian Simulation

作者:

Srikar Chundury ↗Blake Burgstahler ↗Jiajia Li ↗In-Saeng Suh ↗Frank Mueller ↗

arXiv:2606.16959v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Efficient classical simulation of quantum Hamiltonian dynamics is often bottlenecked by exponential state growth and the overhead of generic sparse linear algebra. We introduce diagonal-budgeted Trotterization, a structure-aware strategy that decomposes Hamiltonians into factors preserving diagonal sparsity while tightly controlling fidelity loss. Our implementation, HamSim, utilizes a compact diagonal-sparse data layout and specialized C++/CUDA kernels to bypass the overheads of generic formats like CSR. By leveraging SIMD vectorization, multithreading, and GPU acceleration, HamSim achieves high performance across heterogeneous architectures. Benchmarks on the HamLib suite show that HamSim significantly outperforms Qiskit-Aer. On CPUs, HamSim attains speedups of $182$–$1,269\times$ on optimization instances (TSP, MaxCut) and $4.8$–$841\times$ on physical models (TFIM, Heisenberg). On GPUs, it achieves up to $178\times$ speedup for $12$–$16$ qubit problems. Unlike traditional Trotterization, HamSim maintains near-perfect fidelity without requiring exponential steps. This demonstrates that diagonal-aware numerical kernels provide a scalable foundation for high-fidelity classical Hamiltonian simulation.

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11.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15928

Quantum Information Geometry of Multicomponent Superconducting Fluctuation Transport

作者:

Zi-Ting Sun ↗Ying-Ming Xie ↗Naoto Nagaosa ↗

arXiv:2606.15928v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quantum geometry underlies many electronic responses, but its transport signatures have so far been established mainly for pure single-particle Bloch states. Whether collective many-body fluctuations possess a measurable quantum geometry remains largely unexplored. Here we show that superconducting fluctuation transport provides a direct probe of quantum information geometry in collective many-body matter. Starting from a multicomponent time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory in the Gaussian fluctuation regime, we identify the equilibrium density matrix of fluctuating Cooper pairs as the static pair propagator, which defines a positive mixed-state manifold in momentum space. The geometry of this manifold is directly measurable through paraconductivity: the longitudinal paraconductivity is governed by the quantum Fisher information of superconducting fluctuation modes, while the fluctuational anomalous Hall effect is governed by the mean Uhlmann curvature, the mixed-state counterpart of Berry curvature. This correspondence further yields geometric bounds between these two transport components, with no direct analogue in normal electronic transport. Applied to chiral superconducting fluctuations in quarter-metal systems motivated by rhombohedral multilayer graphene, a symmetry-allowed Lifshitz invariant generates finite mean Uhlmann curvature and logarithmically enhances the anomalous Hall conductivity above the critical temperature. Our results establish collective superconducting fluctuations as an experimentally accessible transport probe of mixed-state quantum information geometry.

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12.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15527

Selective Synergistic Learning for Video Object-Centric Learning

作者:

WonJun Moon ↗Jae-Pil Heo ↗

Typical video object-centric learning (VOCL) approaches employ slot-based frameworks that rely on reconstruction-driven encoder-decoder architectures, where learning is mediated by two spatial maps: attention maps from the encoder and object maps from the decoder. As these two distinct maps exhibit different properties, a recent dense alignment strategy attempted to reconcile this discrepancy by enforcing agreement across all spatio-temporal patches via contrastive learning. However, this indiscriminate alignment inadvertently propagates the inherent weaknesses of each module, such as noisy encoder predictions and blurred decoder boundaries. Moreover, computing dense similarities across all pairs incurs a computational cost quadratic in the total number of spatio-temporal patches, severely limiting scalability. Motivated by this, we propose Selective Synergistic Learning (SSync). Instead of exhaustive patch-to-patch alignment, SSync prevents error propagation by selectively distilling only the most reliable cues: leveraging the encoder strictly for boundary refinement and the decoder for interior denoising. This is realized via a pseudo-labeling with linear complexity, eliminating the need for quadratic spatial comparisons. Also, to prevent the reinforcement of architectural biases like slot redundancy, we introduce a transitive pseudo-label merging that consolidates overlapping slots based on spatio-temporal activation consistency. Extensive studies demonstrate that SSync improves decomposition quality and serves as a versatile, plug-and-play module while also exhibiting exceptional robustness to slot configurations. Code is available at github.com/wjun0830/SSync.

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13.

bioRxiv (Bioinfo) 2026-06-12 DOI: HASH:0005d4e305af560dbb237eebd0dbf5f7

Evaluating cell type annotations in single-cell omics in the absence of ground truth

作者:

Garnica ↗Andreatta ↗Carmona ↗S. J ↗

Accurate cell type annotation is essential for single-cell transcriptomics, directly shaping downstream analyses and biological interpretations. Yet, objective evaluation of annotation quality remains a major challenge. Here, we argue that a cell type or cell state label has practical utility only if it captures a molecular pattern that is reproducible across biological replicates. Based on this principle, we introduce inter-sample consistency (ISC), a quantitative framework to assess annotation quality in single-cell RNA-seq datasets. Unlike existing cluster validation approaches, ISC distinguishes annotations that generalize across samples and individuals from those driven by technical or unwanted variation, thereby providing principled criteria for annotation quality and transferability. When applied to published single-cell atlases, ISC reveals widespread reproducibility gaps and provides actionable guidance for repairing inconsistent annotations. Notably, ISC enables benchmarking of automated cell type annotation tools even when ground-truth labels are unavailable, providing interpretable metrics to guide their development and evaluation. Implemented as the scTypeEval Bioconductor package, this framework offers a broadly applicable resource for evaluating and improving cell type annotations in single-cell RNA-seq experiments.

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14.

medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-18 DOI: HASH:2ae2df1f9e233e8f0043332f5cd29921

From Paper Letters to an Integrated Digital Workflow: Improving Efficiency, Reliability, and Engagement in Health Guidance

作者:

Kakizaki ↗Hirafuji ↗Araba ↗Yoshida ↗Aoki ↗

Background: Post-checkup health guidance in Japan has traditionally relied on paper-based communication and manual administrative processes. These workflows are time-consuming, prone to transcription errors, and can delay timely engagement with health guidance recipients. Objective: To assess whether replacing a paper-based workflow with an integrated digital system using Microsoft Access, robotic process automation (RPA), and web-based responses could improve administrative efficiency, operational reliability, and engagement among health guidance recipients. Methods: This single-site quality improvement initiative redesigned the existing letter-based workflow. Access served as a central interface for managing recipients and generating guidance letters. RPA (EzRobot) automated repetitive clerical and billing-related tasks. A web form accessed via a QR code enabled recipients to respond digitally. Outcomes included manual administrative handling time per case, occurrence of transcription-related errors, health guidance completion rate, and guidance duration distribution. Results: Following implementation, staff active handling time per case decreased from approximately 10 minutes to less than 1 minute (approximately 30 seconds), while automated RPA execution typically required about 4-5 minutes per case without staff input. No transcription-related errors were detected during the post-implementation observation period. Health guidance completion rates improved from 28.3% to 39.2% (chi-square test, P=200 days decreased from 30.5% to 20.9% and cases with >=240 days decreased from 13.6% to 8.9% (R4 n=59, R5 n=158). Conclusion: An integrated Access-RPA-Web workflow was associated with improvements in administrative efficiency and operational reliability in post-checkup health guidance while retaining human verification and exception handling. This pragmatic, non-AI-dependent approach may offer a useful model for process-level improvement in preventive care settings.

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15.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.18816

SwitchBraidNet: Quantisation-Aware Lightweight Architecture for Hybrid Brain-Computer Interface

作者:

Gourav Siddhad ↗Yogesh Kumar Meena ↗

arXiv:2606.18816v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hybrid brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that integrate motor imagery (MI) and steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) provide high-dimensional neural decoding but typically exceed the computational limits of embedded hardware. To address this, we propose SwitchBraidNet, a compact EEG classification architecture designed for low-power deployment. The model employs a dual-path temporal braid to extract multiscale oscillatory features, an adaptive squeeze-and-excitation spatial switch for electrode gating, and a log-variance readout layer for direct band-power encoding. Furthermore, through systematic quantisation-aware training on the OpenBMI dataset, we compared SwitchBraidNet against four established baselines across FP32, FP16, and INT8 precisions. Experimental results demonstrate superior efficiency and performance, achieving MI accuracy of 69.49% (FP16), SSVEP accuracy of 93.48% (FP32), and a hybrid information transfer rate of 64.82 bits/min (FP16). With an INT8 footprint of only 3.03 KB, SwitchBraidNet maintains high accuracy across varying numerical precisions, demonstrating its suitability for low-power embedded BCI deployment.

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16.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17372

Implicit vs. Explicit Prompting Strategies for LVLMs in Referential Communication

作者:

Peter Zeng ↗Amie J. Paige ↗Weiling Li ↗Susan E. Brennan ↗Owen Rambow ↗Cameron R. Jones ↗

Two recent studies (Jones et al. (2026); Zeng et al. (2026)) reach apparently contradictory conclusions about whether LVLMs can coordinate on efficient referring expressions. We control for task differences between the studies while directly comparing their prompting styles. We replicate the finding that models can coordinate efficient referring expressions when explicitly prompted to do so, suggesting that other task differences are not responsible for divergent results. However, we also find that the same models fail to infer the need for communicative efficiency from a more implicit prompt, highlighting critical differences between how humans and AI systems communicate.

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17.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2507.07156

Unreduced Persistence Diagrams for Topological Machine Learning

作者:

Nicole Abreu ↗Parker B. Edwards ↗Francis Motta ↗

arXiv:2507.07156v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Supervised machine learning pipelines trained on features derived from persistent homology have been experimentally observed to ignore much of the information contained in a persistence diagram. Computing persistence diagrams is often the most computationally demanding step in such a pipeline, however. To explore this dynamic, we introduce several methods to generate topological feature vectors from unreduced boundary matrices and investigate their theoretical and computational properties. We compared the performance of pipelines trained on vectorizations of unreduced PDs to vectorizations of fully-reduced PDs across several data and task types. Our results indicate that models trained on PDs built from unreduced diagrams can perform on par and even outperform those trained on fully-reduced diagrams on some tasks. We also benchmarked the computational performance of an algorithm for computing unreduced diagrams, which was implemented as a heavily modified version of Ripser. These computations are parallelizable and required an order of magnitude less memory on average compared to computing full persistence diagrams. Our results suggest that machine learning pipelines which incorporate topology-based features may benefit in terms of computational cost and performance by utilizing information contained in unreduced boundary matrices.

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18.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2606.13368

IterCAD: An Iterative Multimodal Agent for Visually-Grounded CAD Generation and Editing

作者:

Tao Hu ↗Jiaxin Ai ↗Licheng Wen ↗Xueheng Li ↗Shu Zou ↗Siqi Li ↗Nianchen Deng ↗Xinyu Cai ↗Hongbin Zhou ↗Pinlong Cai ↗Daocheng Fu ↗Yu Yang ↗…

Computer-Aided Design is pivotal in modern manufacturing, yet existing automated methods predominantly rely on open-loop, one-shot generation, creating a mismatch with iterative real-world practices. In this paper, we present IterCAD, a unified multimodal agent framework for closed-loop, interactive CAD generation and editing. We formulate the task as a multi-turn interaction between a multimodal agent and an executable CAD sandbox, covering three tasks: Drawing-to-Code, Text-to-Code, and Interactive Editing. To support this, we develop a data synthesis pipeline incorporating advanced industrial manufacturing features to generate standard-compliant multi-view engineering drawings, complex code-editing tasks, and high-fidelity interaction trajectories. We optimize the agent via progressive SFT followed by geometry-aware reinforcement learning with viable-prefix masking to enhance code executability and geometric fidelity. Finally, we introduce the IterCAD-Bench evaluation suite and propose the Chamfer Distance Tolerance-Recall (CD-TR) curve alongside its AUC-TR metric, establishing a survivor-bias-free standard that unifies code validity and geometric precision. Extensive experiments demonstrate that IterCAD achieves highly competitive performance across multiple benchmarks, significantly outperforming existing approaches in both code executability and geometric precision, while exhibiting superior capabilities in closed-loop iterative refinement.

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19.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2406.17148

MixTeX: Data-Efficient LaTeX OCR via Synthetic Pretraining and Limited Fine-Tuning

作者:

Yuhan Xu ↗Yijun Zhao ↗Renqing Luo ↗Gary M. Weiss ↗

LaTeX OCR converts scientific document images into editable LaTeX code. Existing systems rely on large paired datasets, which are costly to collect and limited for low-resource languages. This paper presents MIXTEX, a data-efficient system using synthetic pretraining without real LaTeX sources. Unlike Nougat that depends on arXiv datasets, we generate training data by randomly pairing grammatical Wikipedia text with LaTeX formulas, requiring only syntactic correctness. This eliminates dependency on real document collections, enables scalable data generation (120M tokens), and supports low-resource languages. Following synthetic pretraining, adaptation requires only 400 real samples. Evaluation on a 977-sample benchmark with printed and handwritten English and Chinese shows that this two-stage strategy outperforms methods trained on large real datasets while requiring less human effort and computation. Data, code, and models are publicly available.

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20.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2603.08999

Learning When to Sample: Confidence-Aware Selective Sampling for Efficient Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

作者:

Juming Xiong ↗Kevin Guo ↗Congning Ni ↗Wexin Liu ↗Chao Yan ↗Katherine Brown ↗Avinash Baidya ↗Xiang Gao ↗Bradley Malin ↗Zhijun Yin ↗

Large language models (LLMs) can achieve strong reasoning performance through chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet they often generate unnecessarily long reasoning paths that incur high inference cost. Self-consistency-based approaches push accuracy higher still, but they require sampling and aggregating multiple reasoning trajectories, leading to substantial computational overhead. In this paper, we introduce a confidence-aware selective sampling framework that, at inference time, analyzes a single reasoning trajectory to adaptively determine whether to rely on that trajectory alone or trigger multi-path sampling. The framework uses trajectory-level numeric features and sentence-level linguistic features extracted from reasoning states to guide selective multi-path reasoning. We train it on MedQA and evaluate it in-domain on MedQA and under calibration-only transfer on MathQA, MedMCQA, and MMLU, without further fine-tuning. Experimental results show that the proposed framework maintains comparable performance to full and efficient multi-path reasoning baselines, with accuracy changes of $-0.41 \pm 0.58$ and $-0.31 \pm 0.58$ percentage points, respectively, while reducing token usage by $71.7 \pm 5.0%$ and $36.6 \pm 9.1%$. These findings demonstrate that reasoning trajectories contain rich signals for uncertainty estimation, enabling a simple, transferable mechanism to balance accuracy and efficiency in LLM reasoning.

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21.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15369

Repeated Bilateral Trade: The Quest for Fairness

作者:

Fran\c{c}ois Bachoc ↗Roberto Colomboni ↗Emilie Kaufmann ↗

arXiv:2606.15369v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study repeated bilateral trade from a fairness perspective. At each round, a fresh seller-buyer pair arrives, and the platform posts a price before observing the traders' valuations. Trade occurs only if both agents accept the price. Rather than maximizing only the gain from trade, we consider platforms that seek balanced divisions of the generated surplus. We show that natural fairness desiderata lead to a one-parameter Rawls-to-Nash family of fair-gain objectives, obtained by aggregating the seller's and buyer's net gains through nonpositive Hölder means. Unlike the standard gain-from-trade objective and the Rawlsian fair-gain objective studied in prior work, our proposed objectives induce a new statistical structure in which expected rewards are recovered from threshold feedback through a two-dimensional singular-kernel integral identity. This leads to a nonstandard pure-exploration problem whose natural estimators are rectangular double sums with row-column dependence and singular weights. Assuming independent i.i.d. seller and buyer valuation sequences with arbitrary unknown marginals, we characterize the optimal learning rates for the whole Rawls-to-Nash family of fair-gain objectives, giving matching fixed-confidence sample-complexity and regret bounds up to polylogarithmic factors.

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22.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2605.18848

Exact Linear Attention

作者:

Weinuo Ou ↗

arXiv:2605.18848v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper introduces Exact Linear Attention (ELA), a mechanism that achieves linear computational complexity for Transformer attention by exploiting the exact decomposition property of kernel functions, thereby eliminating approximation error. We identify and address two key limitations of prior linear attention – gradient explosion and token attention dilution – by imposing kernel constraints that ensure non-negativity, discriminability, and geometric interpretability. Several kernel functions are proposed, including the Hadamard Exp Kernel, Summation Squared Euclidean Distance Kernel, and Subtraction Squared Euclidean Distance Kernel, each tailored for specific attention behaviors. Beyond the core attention formulation, the paper presents three engineering innovations: (1) a Hyper-Link structure that replaces traditional residual connections to mitigate gradient degradation; (2) a Memory Lobe module based on bidirectional linear attention, which captures "transformation flow" across layers to implement qualitative memory and an implicit reinforcement learning paradigm; and (3) a routing-score-based bias mechanism for Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) to improve interpretability and semantic alignment. Experimental results demonstrate that ELA achieves up to 6x faster decoding speed and 75% reduction in KV cache memory usage compared to full attention, while maintaining comparable or superior training performance. The proposed memory module accelerates convergence and enhances generalization. Furthermore, we extend the linear attention principle to vision models, yielding YOLO-LAT, which attains up to 4.3x GPU inference speedup and 7.9x parameter reduction with competitive detection accuracy. These results underline the broad applicability of exact linear attention for scaling Transformer models to ultra-long sequences and efficient visual tasks.

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23.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17394

Damage Adaptation in Seconds for Architected Materials

作者:

James Avtges ↗Jake Ketchum ↗Helena Young ↗Taekyoung Kim ↗Ryan Truby ↗Todd Murphey ↗

arXiv:2606.17394v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Adaptation to damages and in-situ physical repairs is essential for long-term robot autonomy, yet challenging outside of narrowly defined and well-anticipated bounds. In this work we proprioceptively adapt to catastrophic damage in soft-actuated systems in under one minute. Architected materials are well equipped for adaptation: actuator failure occurs gradually rather than acutely, and damage can be described in a low-dimensional, discrete coordinate space. Surprisingly, latent damage representations plus a simple yet robust ensemble method is sufficient for adapting to unseen damage in real-time. Moreover, we identify conditions under which exponential sample complexity collapses to linear sample complexity for learned representations of architected materials, a concrete advantage over rigid components or continuum soft mechanisms. We demonstrate LEAP, our method for adaptive proprioception, via a tracing task for a 6DoF soft wrist based on Handed Shearing Auxetic (HSA) actuators. Our algorithm is able to adapt to cuts, burns, and actuator repairs, enabling simulation-free real-time adaptation that is critical for realizing the promise of soft robots outside the lab. Videos and more information are available at https://murpheylab.github.io/leap.

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24.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.11201

To Intervene or Not: Guiding Inference-time Alignment with Probabilistic Model Blending

作者:

Jin Gan ↗Xin Li ↗Jun Luo ↗

The wide deployment of LLMs has made model alignment necessary to make newly trained models safely and effectively respond to user instructions. Among different methods, inference-time alignment is often cheaper as it intervenes (i.e., offers guidances) only during output generation. Existing proposals apply guidances extracted from certain aligned models without properly assessing their reliability. Nonetheless, our systematic evaluation reveals that guidance effectiveness varies drastically across models; since ineffective guidances lead to further confusion and thus further interventions, the resulting excessive interventions typically indicate poor performance. To make interventions more effective and thus more efficient, we introduce BlendIn, an inference-time alignment framework that shifts from binary decisions to creating hybrid distributions integrating both models' knowledge. BlendIn stabilizes inference-time alignment by performing quality-aware alignment and proportionally weighting each model's contribution based on reliability. Compared with existing works, it preserves beneficial guidance while downweighting unreliable suggestions. BlendIn provides both diagnostic signals and mitigation strategies for misaligned guidance, achieving consistent and up to 50% performance improvement on challenging model pairs. Our code is available at: https://github.com/DecayingSeart/BlendIn.

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25.

medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-16 DOI: HASH:3f270ea261d512e150c6fb255dffd515

Care Delivery Gap framework: a proof-of-concept patient-reported measure of guideline-referenced care-process omissions in sickle cell disease

作者:

Agbalalah ↗Rowaiye ↗

Abstract Background:Sickle cell disease (SCD) is concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa, where delivery of guideline-referenced care remains challenging. Current evaluation approaches rely largely on access indicators and clinical outcomes, which do not directly measure care delivery. We developed the Care Delivery Gap (CDG) framework, a patient-reported approach for identifying care-process omissions, and conducted a proof-of-concept study to assess feasibility and explore variation across income strata. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional framework-development study involving a proof-of-concept sample of 52 individuals with SCD or caregivers recruited through clinics and moderated SCD communities across Africa, North America, and Europe between June 2025 and March 2026. The CDG framework assessed patient-reported omissions in specialist involvement, follow-up continuity, cardiovascular screening, and biochemical surveillance. Analyses were descriptive. Results: Substantial multi-domain care-process omissions were identified despite high reported healthcare engagement. Across geographic income strata, cardiovascular screening was reported by 4/35 (11%) LMIC versus 16/17 (94%) HIC participants, and regular follow-up within the preceding 12 months by 14/35 (40%) versus 16/17 (94%), respectively. High CDG scores, representing 1 omissions across three or four domains, occurred in 20/35 (57%) LMIC compared with 1/17 (6%) HIC participants. Similar disparities were observed across specialist review and vitamin B12 surveillance domains. Conclusion: A structured patient-reported framework identified multi-domain omissions in guideline-referenced SCD care, including among individuals reporting healthcare access. The divergence between access indicators and reported care delivery suggests that service contact alone may not reflect care quality. The framework provides a feasible foundation for future process-level quality measurement in high-burden settings.

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