论文广场 - AcademicHub

01.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2606.12576

Helping Figures Tell their Story! Paper-Grounded Video Generation Explaining Complex Scientific Figures

作者:

Ishani Mondal ↗Javad Baghirov ↗Jordan Boyd-Graber ↗

Scientific figures compress complex pipelines into a single canvas, yet understanding them requires paper-grounded, step-by-step narration aligned with visual highlights a capability missing from current video generation systems and benchmarks. To address this, we introduce paper-grounded figure-to-video generation: generating narrated, region-grounded walkthrough videos from a figure and its paper. We propose MINARD (Multimodal Interpretation of Narrated Architecture via Region Decomposition), a pipeline that generates paper-grounded narrations and sequentially grounds them to figure regions. We also release FigTalk, a benchmark with new sequential and component-level grounding metrics derived. On FigTalk, MINARD generates humanlike, paper-faithful narrations and outperforms narration-conditioned figure spatial grounding compared to existing approaches in both automatic and human evaluation

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

02.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.12069

Tac-DINO: Learning Vision-Tactile Features with Patch Alignment

作者:

Hong Li ↗Yankang Dong ↗Yue Xu ↗Yihan Tang ↗Mingzhu Li ↗Jiamin Qiu ↗Qihang Yao ↗Xing Zhu ↗Yujun Shen ↗Nan Xue ↗Yong-Lu Li ↗

Touch is the primary medium through which humans interact with the environment. Currently, tactile learning mainly focuses on image-level pretraining or alignment. However, tactile signals correspond to local object contact, while research into scale alignment and holographic matching remains limited and proper datasets and benchmarks also lack. To bridge this gap, we first construct a data collection system to acquire a large-scale tactile dataset, with over 20 K tactile contacts from 505 real-world objects. Building on this dataset, we design a Vis-Tac Holographic Matching Benchmark to evaluate vision-tactile local-to-global alignment ability. Then we propose Vision-Tactile Patch Alignment (VTPA) methods for vision-tactile representation learning. Experiments demonstrate that these exceed the performance of methods without alignment and align with whole-object images.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

03.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15672

High-performance gates on trapped ion qubits using counterpropagating pulse-shaped laser beams

作者:

arXiv:2606.15672v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Highly-localized light-matter interactions are necessary for scaling trapped-ion architectures. In hyperfine qubits, counterpropagating beams generate entangling gates by coupling with motion, but this effect is undesirable during single-qubit operations. For that reason, single-qubit gates are traditionally implemented with copropagating beams, and the coexistence of two beam geometries adds hardware and computational overhead. In an effort towards collective performance improvement with minimal overhead, we design and implement pulse-amplitude and dephasing robust dynamically corrected gates using Space Curve Quantum Control (SCQC) and compare them against the constant-amplitude gate implementation. We perform gate set tomography on a four-qubit trapped-ion register, and we discover more than 50% error reduction when robust pulses are used. We find that counterpropagating robust gates often outperform their copropagating counterparts and reach error rates as low as $(3.59 \pm 1.25)\cdot 10^{-3}$, using diamond distance as a metric. This value establishes a laser-driven-gate error reference and is merely an order of magnitude higher than the best reported $microwave$ gate on a $single$ ion. Additional experiments reveal that robust pulses can effectively suppress non-Markovian errors that grow during runtime. Our work challenges the widely accepted belief that copropagating gates should be preferred for their weak motional coupling and invites the adoption of high-performance robust pulses that suppress multiple noise sources of the trapped-ion error budget.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

04.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2604.02863

EMS: Multi-Agent Voting via Efficient Majority-then-Stopping

作者:

Yiqing Liu ↗Hantao Yao ↗Wu Liu ↗Yongdong Zhang ↗

arXiv:2604.02863v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Majority voting is the standard for aggregating multi-agent responses into a final decision. However, traditional methods typically require all agents to complete their reasoning before aggregation begins, leading to significant computational overhead, as many responses become redundant once a majority consensus is achieved. In this work, we formulate efficient multi-agent voting as a reliability-aware agent scheduling problem and propose Efficient Majority-then-Stopping (EMS) to improve reasoning efficiency. EMS first estimates a Task-Conditioned Reliability Ordering (TCRO) for each agent by retrieving its historical consensus evidence on semantically similar queries, and then invoking agents in descending reliability order. Next, Adaptive Incremental Voting (AIV) terminates the process once the current leading answer cannot be overturned by any possible votes from the remaining agents, and returns this answer. Finally, Reliability History Updating (RHU) updates only the invoked agents according to their consensus with the final decision. Extensive evaluations across five benchmarks show that EMS preserves the accuracy of Majority Voting while reducing the average number of invoked agents by 35% and token consumption by 44%, respectively. The code is available at https://github.com/fuyu66/EMS.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

05.

PLOS Computational Biology 2026-05-29 DOI: HASH:cc669b926902037f882a9e0dc528ff9f

Structural and dynamic basis of NOD2 tandem CARD association and NOD1/2–RIP2 signaling complexes

作者:

Jitendra Maharana ↗

by Jitendra Maharana, Aritra Bej, Debasish Biswal, Debashis Panda, Arjun Sharma NOD1 and NOD2, founding members of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, play a crucial role in host defense against bacterial infections. Recognition of peptidoglycan-derived ligands triggers ATP-dependent oligomerization of the NACHT domain, exposing the CARD domains that recruit the adaptor protein RIP2 via CARD–CARD interactions to activate the NF-κB signaling cascade. Although NOD1/2-RIP2 interactions and RIP2CARD filament assembly are established, the precise interfaces that stabilize hetero–CARD filaments remain poorly defined. Here, we integrate in silico structural modeling with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate structurally compatible arrangements of NOD1–RIP2 and NOD2–RIP2 hetero–CARD filaments. Our results reveal that NOD1CARD subunits form a structurally compatible homomeric scaffold via canonical (type-I–III) interfaces, accommodating multiple tiers of RIP2CARD rings at both filament termini. Meanwhile, the NOD2 tandem CARDs adopt multiple discrete conformations, reflecting a more intricate structural mechanism. In stable filament conformations, tandem CARDs converge at the type-II interface, with RIP2CARD rings stacking onto CARDa (top-down) and CARDb (bottom-up) interfaces, highlighting the structural role of NOD2CARDb in RIP2-mediated CARD–CARD interaction. In silico mutagenesis, involving charge-reversal and alanine scanning of key interfacial residues, disrupts NOD1–RIP2 and NOD2–RIP2 interactions at both top-down and bottom-up interfaces, leading to rapid interface destabilization within 0.1–0.4 μs of simulation. Together, these results reveal conserved and receptor-specific mechanisms governing NOD1/2–RIP2 CARD–CARD interactions and provide deeper structural and dynamic insights into the complex structural mechanisms for NLR-mediated inflammatory signaling.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

06.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.13693

Limited Marginal Benefit of Reasoning-Heavy LLM Deployment in ESG Narrative Scoring: A 4-Model Consensus Study on Japanese Listed Firms

作者:

Hiroyuki Kokubu ↗

arXiv:2606.13693v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automated scoring of ESG narrative disclosures with large language models (LLMs) is gaining traction, yet whether reasoning-heavy frontier models add value commensurate with their cost remains empirically unsettled. We evaluate this question on a corpus of ten Japanese listed firms across three rubric axes – quantitative targets, progress-tracking infrastructure, and external-standard alignment – using a four-model consensus design that combines a reasoning-on frontier model with three reasoning-off contemporaries. Across 120 firm x axis x model scores, the pooled mean absolute deviation between the reasoning-on model and each reasoning-off counterpart is 0.38 on a 5-point scale; only 2% of pairwise comparisons reach a two-point deviation, and none exceeds two points. Per-firm cost accounting shows the reasoning-on arm alone costs roughly 5.6x as much as the three-provider reasoning-off ensemble, for outcomes that differ only within small margins. We conclude that in span-based ESG narrative scoring, reasoning-heavy deployment does not materially improve outcomes relative to reasoning-off consensus, while substantially increasing operational cost. We discuss implications for cost-effective ESG auto-scoring pipelines and LLM deployment governance in applied accountability settings. An earlier version of this work is available on SSRN (Abstract ID 6683303).

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

07.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15452

PHINN: Persistent Homology Inspired Neural Network for Rare-Event Time Series Generation

作者:

Emre Yusuf ↗Ren Takahashi ↗Jayabrata Bhaduri ↗

arXiv:2606.15452v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Rare events in time series are critical to model but hard to learn due to data scarcity. Current generative models struggle with extreme values. We observe that rare events leave distinct topological fingerprints - transitions in Betti numbers from point-cloud embeddings - that are more stable and discriminative than statistical moments. We introduce PHINN, a flow-matching framework using dynamic Betti curves as conditioning signals and a persistence landscape loss for homology consistency. It scales to multivariate data, includes a natural-language interface to set Betti targets, supports cross-domain meta-learning and few-shot generation, and provides certified adversarial robustness. On financial, epidemiological, and multi-modal benchmarks, PHINN outperforms statistical and diffusion baselines in topological fidelity (beta-RMSE down 41-63%, transition accuracy up 84%) and matches jump-diffusion models in tail coverage while exceeding them in shape fidelity. All results have 95% confidence intervals.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

08.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2512.21201

Schrödinger's Navigator: Imagining an Ensemble of Futures for Zero-Shot Object Navigation

作者:

Yu He ↗Da Huang ↗Zhenyang Liu ↗Zixiao Gu ↗Qiang Sun ↗Guangnan Ye ↗Yanwei Fu ↗Yu-Gang Jiang ↗

Zero-shot object navigation (ZSON) requires robots to find target objects in unseen environments without task-specific fine-tuning or pre-built maps, a key capability for general-purpose service robots. Yet methods that perform well in simulation often degrade in cluttered real-world scenes with severe occlusion and latent hazards, where large unseen regions make single-scene inference brittle and unsafe. We propose Schrödinger's Navigator, a belief-aware framework that reasons at inference time over multiple trajectory-conditioned imagined 3D futures. Given candidate paths, a trajectory-conditioned 3D world model predicts hypothetical observations and maintains a superposition of plausible scene realizations rather than committing to one map. An adaptive occluder-aware sampler directs imagination to uncertainty-critical regions, while a Future-Aware Value Map (FAVM) aggregates imagined futures for robust, proactive action selection. Experiments in simulation and on a physical Go2 quadruped show that Schrödinger's Navigator outperforms strong ZSON baselines, improving hidden-target discovery and risk-aware waypoint selection in occlusion-heavy navigation scenarios. These results highlight imagined 3D futures as a scalable and generalizable strategy for zero-shot navigation in uncertain real-world environments.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

09.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.13894

Gefen: Optimized Stochastic Optimizer

作者:

Nadav Benedek ↗Tomer Koren ↗Ohad Fried ↗

AdamW is a default optimizer for modern deep learning, but its first and second moment states add roughly two parameter-sized buffers to training memory. We propose Gefen, a memory-efficient optimizer that automatically shares second-moment estimates across parameter blocks and quantizes the first moment using a learned codebook, thereby reducing AdamW's memory footprint by ~8x while maintaining the same performance, corresponding to a reduction of 6.5 GiB per billion parameters. The method is motivated by a theoretical result showing that large mixed Hessian entries constrain the ratio of squared gradients toward one, suggesting that Hessian-aligned parameters are natural candidates for sharing second-moment statistics. Since computing Hessians is impractical at scale, Gefen infers block structure from the initial squared gradients, requiring no architecture-specific metadata or hyperparameters beyond AdamW defaults. Gefen learns an exact histogram-based dynamic-programming quantization codebook and reuses the same blocks for first-moment scaling. Across diverse experiments, Gefen achieves the lowest peak optimizer memory among the compared AdamW-like methods while maintaining AdamW-level performance. In FSDP and DDP training, the reduced memory footprint enables larger microbatches and improves throughput significantly over AdamW, providing a practical drop-in replacement with lower memory usage that can increase throughput and enable training larger models or using larger batch sizes. We provide the complete Python implementation, including fused CUDA kernels at https://github.com/ndvbd/Gefen

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

10.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.14188

Robustness without Wrinkles: Parallel Simulation and Robust MPC for Certified Deformable Manipulation

作者:

Wei-Chen Li ↗Jeffrey Fang ↗Sasanka Polisetti ↗Yuexi Song ↗Glen Chou ↗

arXiv:2606.14188v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present CORD-SLS, a real-time control method for safe deformable object manipulation, with a focus on ropes and cloth. At its core is a GPU-parallel differentiable simulator with contact smoothing which enables efficient gradient-based planning through intermittent contact. To robustly satisfy constraints under model and sensing uncertainty, we develop a real-time, GPU-parallel output-feedback robust model predictive control (MPC) algorithm that plans with this simulator. We further show that the simulator accelerates model-based RL for training neural manipulation policies. To improve real-world robustness, we use conformal prediction to calibrate visual-feedback and perception-error bounds for MPC, producing reachable tubes that enable high-probability safe control. We evaluate CORD-SLS on high-dimensional, contact-rich rope and cloth manipulation tasks in simulation and hardware, including obstacle avoidance, routing, folding, and smoothing. Across settings, CORD-SLS achieves millisecond-speed planning, exceeding baselines in safety, speed, and task success.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

11.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.08881

Benchmarking Vision-Language-Action Models on SO-101: Failure and Recovery Analysis

作者:

Yi Yu ↗Xinchuan Qiu ↗

arXiv:2606.08881v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong generalization in robotic manipulation, yet existing evaluations are primarily conducted in simulation or on expensive robotic platforms, leaving their robustness on affordable real-world robots largely unexplored. We present a standardized real-world benchmark for evaluating representative VLA and imitation learning policies on the low-cost SO-101 robotic platform. The benchmark comprises four representative manipulation tasks together with unified evaluation protocols, enabling systematic comparison under embodiment uncertainty. Using real-world teleoperated demonstrations, we fine-tune and evaluate $\pi_{0.5}$, SmolVLA, Wall-X, and ACT directly on the physical platform. Beyond conventional task success rates, the benchmark incorporates a structured failure taxonomy, semantic- and execution-level failure decomposition, and recovery-aware evaluation metrics to characterize policy robustness. Experimental results show that stronger pretrained VLA policies generally outperform the imitation learning baseline, although performance remains highly task-dependent under low-cost robotic deployment conditions. Execution instability emerges as the dominant failure source, while recovery capability varies substantially across architectures. These results highlight the importance of failure and recovery analysis beyond binary task success and establish SO-101 as a practical benchmark for evaluating embodied AI systems under realistic low-cost robotic deployment conditions.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

12.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.10813

RedAct: Redacting Agent Capability Traces for Procedural Skill Protection

作者:

Shuwen Xu ↗Zhitao He ↗Yi R. Fung ↗

Users rely on execution traces to observe agent behavior, diagnose failures, and ensure accountability. These traces contain rich procedural detail, including tool invocations, intermediate decisions, and error-recovery logic. Yet this detail can expose private procedural skills, allowing downstream methods to recover key formulas, thresholds, and strategies without access to model weights or skill files. To quantify this risk and evaluate protection, we construct \textsc{CapTraceBench}, a benchmark of 75 specialized long-horizon tasks and 154 curated skills across seven domains. We also introduce \textsc{RedAct} https://github.com/XuShuwenn/RedAct, a protected trace release framework that localizes protected key information, rewrites traces while preserving verifier-critical evidence, and embeds behavioral watermarks for downstream provenance analysis. Across representative trace reuse methods, \textsc{RedAct} reduces normalized skill transfer (NST) from 44.7–67.1\% on raw traces to below the no-skill baseline, while preserving audit evidence. Its standalone behavioral watermarks reach 93.6–100.0\% true detection with a false alarm rate of at most 1.9\%. These results frame public agent traces as security interfaces and show that selective redaction can reduce procedural capability leakage without removing audit evidence.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

13.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2512.14937

Improving Pre-trained Adult Glioma Segmentation Models Using only Post-processing Techniques

作者:

Abhijeet Parida ↗Daniel Capell\'an-Mart\'in ↗Zhifan Jiang ↗Nishad Kulkarni ↗Krithika Iyer ↗Austin Tapp ↗Syed Muhammad Anwar ↗Mar\'ia J. Ledesma-Carbayo ↗Marius George Linguraru ↗

Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and are among the most lethal. Despite aggressive treatment, the median survival rate is less than 15 months. Accurate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) tumor segmentation is critical for surgical planning, radiotherapy, and disease monitoring. While deep learning models have improved the accuracy of automated segmentation, large-scale pre-trained models generalize poorly and often underperform, producing systematic errors such as false positives, label swaps, and slice discontinuities in slices. These limitations are further compounded by unequal access to GPU resources and the growing environmental cost of large-scale model training. In this work, we propose adaptive post-processing techniques to refine the quality of glioma segmentations produced by large-scale pretrained models developed for various types of tumors. We demonstrated the techniques in multiple BraTS 2025 segmentation challenge tasks, with the ranking metric improving by 14.9 % for the sub-Saharan Africa challenge and 0.9% for the adult glioma challenge. This approach promotes a shift in brain tumor segmentation research from increasingly complex model architectures to efficient, clinically aligned post-processing strategies that are precise, computationally fair, and sustainable.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

14.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2603.12977

Exact Federated Continual Unlearning for Ridge Heads on Frozen Foundation Models

作者:

Yijun Quan ↗Wentai Wu ↗Giovanni Montana ↗

arXiv:2603.12977v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Foundation models are commonly deployed as frozen feature extractors with a small trainable head to adapt to private, user-generated data in federated settings. The ``right to be forgotten'' requires removing the influence of specific samples or users from the trained model on demand. Existing federated unlearning methods target general deep models and rely on approximate reconstruction or selective retraining, making exactness costly or elusive. We study this problem in a practically relevant but under-explored regime: a frozen foundation model with a ridge-regression head. The exact optimum depends on the data only through two additive sufficient statistics, which we turn into a communication protocol supporting an arbitrary stream of add and delete requests via fixed-size messages. The server maintains a head that is, in exact arithmetic, pointwise identical to centralized retraining after every request. We provide deterministic retrain-equivalence guarantees, order and partition invariance, two server-side variants, and a Bayesian certificate of zero KL divergence. Experiments on four benchmarks confirm the guarantees: both variants match centralized ridge retraining to within $10^{-9}$ relative Frobenius error and complete each request at orders-of-magnitude lower cost than federated retraining baselines.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

15.

arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2512.08377

The 1/4-phenomenon of placement probabilities of tilings in the Aztec diamond

作者:

Marcus Sch\"onfelder ↗

arXiv:2512.08377v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We consider domino tilings of the Aztec diamond. Using the Domino Shuffling algorithm introduced by Elkies, Kuperberg, Larsen, and Propp in arXiv:math/9201305, we are able to generate domino tilings uniformly at random. In this paper, we investigate the probability of finding a domino at a specific position in such a random tiling. We prove that this placement probability is always equal to $1/4$ plus a rational function, whose shape depends on the location of the domino, multiplied by a position-independent factor that involves only the size of the diamond. This result leads to significantly more compact explicit counting formulas compared to previous findings. As a direct application, we derive explicit counting formulas for the domino tilings of Aztec diamonds with $2\times 2$-square holes at arbitrary positions.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

16.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2605.20726

Everywhere Valid Bounds on False Discovery Proportions in Conformal Inference

作者:

Ziang Song ↗Ying Jin ↗Emmanuel J. Cand\`es ↗

arXiv:2605.20726v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Modern applications of conformal inference to multiple testing problems, such as outlier detection and candidate selection, often involve selecting test samples whose conformal p-values fall below a threshold. The quality of such methods is often measured by the false discovery proportion (FDP), defined as the fraction of incorrect selections. Existing approaches typically control the expected value of the FDP, using methods such as the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. This approach fails to provide high-probability bounds on the realized false discovery proportion and invalidates statistical guarantees if the rejection threshold is selected after inspecting the data. This paper establishes finite-sample, distribution-free upper bounds on the FDP that hold simultaneously over all possible rejection thresholds, enabling arbitrary post hoc selection of the threshold. Simultaneous validity is achieved by constructing a high-probability envelope for the empirical distribution function of null conformal p-values by sampling from their joint distribution. Furthermore, our framework allows practitioners to modulate the envelope's shape, thereby producing tight bounds in rejection regions of primary interest. We use this flexible approach to derive simultaneous FDP upper bounds for both outlier detection and conformal selection. We demonstrate through synthetic and real-data experiments that the resulting bounds are both valid and substantially less conservative than those derived from existing approaches.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

17.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.18644

Spiking Pyramid Wavelet Transformation for High-efficient and Low-energy Image Restoration

作者:

Chen Zhao ↗Xiantao Hu ↗Song Wu ↗Qian Wang ↗Chen Wu ↗Rui Xie ↗Jian Yang ↗Ying Tai ↗

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have garnered significant interest in computer vision due to their potential for efficiency and biological inspiration. While spiking CNN-based methods have shown promise for image restoration (IR) tasks, their performance is constrained by the inherent receptive field limitations of CNN operations. In the paper, we explore the benefits of discrete wavelet transformation and propose a spiking pyramid wavelet-based model (SPWM) for high-efficient and low-energy target. Specifically, we develop a spiking dual pyramid wavelet (SDPW) block to model long-range dependency and exploit the properties of the degradation in the wavelet domain. Experimental results on several benchmarks demonstrate that SPWM significantly lowers computational costs and energy consumption while maintaining image quality. Our method showcases the potential of SNNs in the field of IR, offering new insights for future applications of resource-limited devices.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

18.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.10686

An adaptive framework for the axisymmetric pulsar magnetosphere using physics-informed Kolmogorov-Arnold networks

作者:

Spyros Rigas ↗Ioannis Contopoulos ↗Georgios Alexandridis ↗Antonios Nathanail ↗

arXiv:2606.10686v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The pulsar magnetosphere has only recently been addressed using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), by deploying a domain-decomposition approach and treating the separatrix and equatorial current sheet as infinitesimally thin discontinuities. However, this baseline requires extensive manual hyperparameter tuning, achieves limited final accuracy and demands several hours of training. We refine this framework by introducing domain-specific neural architectures based on Kolmogorov-Arnold networks, an automated adaptive training pipeline and a physics-based convergence criterion that eliminate the need for manual calibration. The proposed methodology delivers self-consistent axisymmetric magnetosphere solutions with mean squared errors of the PDE residuals at O(1e-6) in double precision - an improvement of two orders of magnitude over the baseline - while achieving convergence in under 20 minutes in single precision. Importantly, the method reliably resolves stellar radii reduced by up to 80% compared to the baseline, overcoming the severe spatial scale disparities that also challenge traditional solvers. Furthermore, by varying the flux that opens to infinity, we provide a correction to the equation that connects it to the equatorial T-point's position. The complete framework is released as the open-source library PulsarX.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

19.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.18237

ReproRepo: Scaling Reproducibility Audits with GitHub Repository Issues

作者:

Shanda Li ↗Qiuhong Anna Wei ↗Jingwu Tang ↗Valerie Chen ↗Nihar B Shah ↗Tim Dettmers ↗Yiming Yang ↗Ameet Talwalkar ↗

Reproducing research results from papers and released code is central to scientific progress. Existing works have introduced benchmarks to evaluate whether LLM agents can assist with reproducibility, but they are difficult to scale due to their reliance on substantial manual effort for data curation and evaluation. We introduce ReproRepo, a scalable framework for reproducibility evaluation that leverages human-raised GitHub issues as naturally occurring supervision on realistic reproduction blockers. We instantiate ReproRepo on 1,149 recent machine learning papers from major conferences and evaluate four frontier model-agent configurations. Our results show that LLM agents, even without executing code, can identify many real-world reproducibility problems from paper-repository pairs: the best agent in our study, namely Codex with GPT-5.5, surfaces at least one semantically related human-reported blocker for ~90% of papers in the study. Further analysis shows that agents are particularly effective for surfacing visible failures and identifying the right semantic region, but may still be insufficient in exact localization. ReproRepo can serve as a reusable, scalable framework for future evaluations of LLM agents on real-world reproducibility auditing. Our code is released at https://github.com/LithiumDA/ReproRepo.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

20.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15841

Heteroskedastic Signals in Budgeted LLM Verification: Structural Heterogeneity Limits Optimization Gains

作者:

Jinlong Yang ↗

arXiv:2606.15841v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) systems increasingly use uncertainty signals to allocate limited computation across verification, test-time scaling, tool execution, and other selective-compute decisions. Such policies rely on a global signal comparability assumption: equal scores should carry comparable decision value across inputs. Using budgeted verification as a controlled diagnostic setting, we identify a failure mode of this assumption: uncertainty quality is heteroskedastic across cost strata, with some regions exhibiting near-random discriminability despite concentrating many errors. Under an explicit local model, we characterize the resulting distortion of global allocation and show that its upper bound scales with cross-stratum signal-quality dispersion. We separate weak signals, optimization instability, and structural heterogeneity through a controlled intervention hierarchy: Threshold, MP-Adapt, MP-Strat, and a deliberately simple cost-stratified thresholding intervention (CST). Across MBPP and MATH using Qwen3-8B, LLaMA3-8B, and GPT-4o-mini, global online adaptation yields inconsistent gains over static thresholding; MP-Strat partially recovers performance, while CST improves hit rate by up to 17 percentage points in strongly heterogeneous settings without gradient updates. These results identify structural heterogeneity, rather than optimizer weakness alone, as the primary bottleneck in the observed settings. More broadly, misaligned feedback structure cannot always be repaired by stronger optimization.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

21.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.11258

Loss Landscape Diagnosis for Gradient-Based Gray-Scott System Inversion: Disentangling the Roles of PINN Components

作者:

Yan Yang ↗

arXiv:2606.11258v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Gradient-based inversion of reaction-diffusion systems is typically approached via surrogate models or physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), while the most direct route, backpropagation through the PDE's structure itself, has largely been avoided. We pursue this direct route as a diagnostic probe, backpropagating a steady-state loss through unrolled Gray-Scott simulation to recover its parameters, with no surrogate or neural-network augmentation. Optimization fails to converge, and plotting the landscape directly locates the failure in its geometry – flat plateaus with no gradient signal, bounded by sharp cliffs that align with bifurcation boundaries – a structure that recurs across loss functions and is inherited however the gradients are routed to parameters. Reading this minimal setup as an ablation of PINN, we disentangle each component's role: with the neural network fixed, the residual loss is quadratic in the PDE parameters and yields a smooth landscape, so it alone already avoids the pathology, by implicitly encoding the full PDE dynamics across all initial conditions. The neural network, for its part, cannot repair an ill-posed parameter subspace, and so serves only to complete the observed data – a division of labor not previously made explicit. These findings carry concrete design implications for PINN-type methods and a broader heuristic on when added dimensions actually help.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

22.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17222

Quantum Enchanced Multi-Scale CNN with Bi-directional Mamba for Crop Field Analysis

作者:

Mohammad Salman Khan ↗Ehsan Atoofian ↗Saad B. Ahmed ↗

Hyperspectral image (HSI) crop analysis is essential for precision agriculture because it captures rich spectral and spatial information for accurate crop monitoring and assessment. However, HSI classification remains challenging due to high spectral dimensionality, spatial complexity, class imbalance, and limited labeled samples. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a BiSpectral Mamba-based framework that combines multi-scale convolutional feature extraction, spectral attention, bidirectional state-space modeling, and quantum-inspired learning. A multi-scale CNN backbone first extracts hierarchical spatial-spectral representations through feature fusion across multiple resolutions. A spectral attention mechanism then emphasizes informative bands while suppressing redundant and noisy channels. The refined features are processed by a BiSpectral Mamba module that captures long-range dependencies in both forward and backward directions by modeling hyperspectral feature maps as sequential tokens. In addition, class-weighted optimization and feature fusion strategies are incorporated to improve training stability and mitigate class imbalance. Experimental evaluation on the UAVHSI-Crop dataset demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework, achieving an overall accuracy of 84.83%. The results show that integrating convolutional, attention-based, and state-space modeling components enables robust spatial-spectral feature learning for crop classification. The proposed framework also shows potential for broader agricultural and remote sensing applications, including crop disease detection, yield prediction, and soil moisture estimation, while highlighting the effectiveness of structured state-space and quantum-inspired architectures for hyperspectral image analysis.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

23.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2204.14224

Investigation of Neural Network Methods for Reconstruction and Classification of Texture Images Under Conditions of Incomplete Information

作者:

Galymzhan Abdimanap ↗Kairat Bostanbekov ↗Abdelrahman Abdallah ↗Anel Alimova ↗Darkhan Kurmangaliyev ↗Daniyar Nurseitov ↗Tatyana Dedova ↗Larissa Balakay ↗Serik Nurakynov ↗

The automated analysis of heterogeneous natural textures is frequently hindered by physical damage and data loss, presenting a significant challenge to computer vision. While deep learning has shown success in controlled environments, its application to complex geological materials under conditions of incomplete information remains underexplored. This study presents an integrated framework for the inpainting and classification of high-resolution core sample images. We propose an end-to-end pipeline that utilizes object detection for sample segmentation, followed by image inpainting using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with Contextual Residual Aggregation (CRA) to reconstruct missing high-frequency details. Subsequently, we evaluate the performance of modern Transformer-based (Swin, ViT) and CNN architectures on the reconstructed data. Our experiments revealed a critical divergence between reconstruction quality and downstream utility: despite high structural fidelity (PSNR 28.7~dB, FID 74.01), classification accuracy plateaued at 53\%. To improve minority-class detection, we propose a confidence-based hybrid ensemble that raises MCA from 48\% to 58\%. These results highlight the limitations of current state-of-the-art generative models, which may produce visually plausible but semantically ambiguous features ("hallucinations") that confound classifiers. This work provides insights into the dependencies between image reconstruction quality and classification performance, offering a reproducible baseline for future research in non-destructive testing and material science. Given that cross-well accuracy remains in the 49–53\% range, we position the resulting system as a decision-support and screening tool for lithofacies interpretation rather than as a fully autonomous classifier. The code is available at https://github.com/GalymzhanAbdimanap/Lithology_recognition

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

24.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.16902

Binary Tracking for Spatial QA and Navigation with Open Vision-Language Models

作者:

Dongbin Na ↗Chanwoo Kim ↗Soonbin Rho ↗Giyun Choi ↗Gangbok Lee ↗Dooyoung Hong ↗

arXiv:2606.16902v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This work addresses spatial question answering for service robots traversing long egocentric routes. Given a query such as "where can I find a dry cleaner on the way back home?", the system returns a metric coordinate that downstream navigation components can act on. Prior Spatial Question Answering approaches leverage retrieval-augmented agents built on closed-source models such as GPT-4o for path exploration. However, robots operating in the real world often cannot reliably depend on online closed-source models due to network instability, communication latency, and deployment cost. It creates a need for open-source based Spatial Question Answering approaches that can run onboard the robot, yet prior research in this direction remains limited. This work proposes BinTrack, a simple yet effective, fully open-source spatial-localization agent that leverages the temporal ordering of a robot's trajectory. BinTrack performs a binary search over the trajectory segments between two anchor landmarks identified from a query. It improves overall accuracy by up to 22.8% over other open-source implementations and even matches the reported closed-source model result on the global category of the SpaceLocQA benchmark, the most challenging setting that has so far required strong reasoning agents such as GPT-4o. Furthermore, its optimized inference strategy consistently yields more than a 1.5x inference speedup over previous approaches. Finally, this work releases GangnamLoop, a novel and practical multi-trip outdoor benchmark collected by deploying a real quadruped robot on public streets with the anonymization policy. It revisits the same locations under different outdoor conditions and pairs the robot's low viewpoint with the human owner's. The source codes and datasets are publicly available at https://github.com/ndb796/BinaryTracking

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

25.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2601.16233

Policy-Embedded Graph Expansion: Networked HIV Testing with Diffusion-Driven Network Samples

作者:

Akseli Kangaslahti ↗Davin Choo ↗Lingkai Kong ↗Milind Tambe ↗Alastair van Heerden ↗Cheryl Johnson ↗

arXiv:2601.16233v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: HIV is a retrovirus that attacks the human immune system and can lead to death without proper treatment. In collaboration with the WHO and the University of Witwatersrand, we study how to improve the efficiency of HIV testing with the goal of eventual deployment, directly supporting progress toward UN Sustainable Development Goal 3.3. While prior work has demonstrated the promise of intelligent algorithms for sequential, network-based HIV testing, existing approaches rely on assumptions that are impractical in our real-world implementations. Here, we study sequential testing on incrementally revealed disease networks and introduce Policy-Embedded Graph Expansion (PEGE), a novel framework that directly embeds a generative distribution over graph expansions into the decision-making policy rather than attempting explicit topological reconstruction. We further propose Dynamics-Driven Branching (DDB), a diffusion-based graph expansion model that supports decision making in PEGE and is designed for data-limited settings where forest structures arise naturally, as in our real-world referral process. Experiments on real HIV transmission networks show that the combined approach (PEGE + DDB) consistently outperforms baselines (e.g., 17.3% improvement in discounted reward and 15.4% more HIV detections with 25% of the population tested) and explore key tradeoffs that drive solution quality.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →

探索全球前沿学术脉络