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01.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2604.06531

A Generalized Sinkhorn Algorithm for Mean-Field Schrödinger Bridge

作者:

Asmaa Eldesoukey↗Yongxin Chen↗Abhishek Halder↗

arXiv:2604.06531v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The mean-field Schrödinger bridge (MFSB) problem concerns designing a minimum-effort controller that guides a diffusion process with nonlocal interaction to reach a given distribution from another by a fixed deadline. Unlike the standard Schrödinger bridge, the dynamical constraint for MFSB is the mean-field limit of a population of interacting agents with controls. It serves as a natural model for large-scale multi-agent systems. The MFSB is computationally challenging because the nonlocal interaction makes the problem nonconvex. We propose a generalization of the Hopf-Cole transform for MFSB and, building on it, design a Sinkhorn-type recursive algorithm to solve the associated system of integro-PDEs. Under mild assumptions on the interaction potential, we discuss convergence guarantees for the proposed algorithm. We present numerical examples with repulsive and attractive interactions to illustrate the theoretical contributions.

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02.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.12340

Echoes of the Prior: A Computational Phenomenology of Forgetting

作者:

Gege Gao↗Bernhard Sch\"olkopf↗Andreas Geiger↗

Memory is not merely the storage of data; it is the scaffolding of reality. When biological memory fades, the world does not simply turn black; it regresses into an unrecognizable chaos. Echoes of the Prior is an interactive installation that attempts to visualize this subjective phenomenology of forgetting. By inducing controlled synaptic decay within a Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction model, we create an artistic analogy for the erosion of the brain's predictive priors. We position the Neural Network not as a tool for engineering, but as a cognitive proxy - a silicon brain whose structural degeneration evokes the disorienting, poetic, and terrifying experience of losing one's grip on the world. Ultimately, we offer this framework as a catalyst, inviting the wider community to explore the uncharted potential of neuromorphic aesthetics in visualizing the fragility of intelligence. Interactive demo see https://decart-4d.github.io/.

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03.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2604.27960

LLMs as ASP Programmers: Self-Correction Enables Task-Agnostic Nonmonotonic Reasoning

作者:

Adam Ishay↗Joohyung Lee↗

arXiv:2604.27960v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive reasoning milestones but continue to struggle with high computational costs, logical inconsistencies, and sharp performance degradation on high-complexity problems. While neuro-symbolic methods attempt to mitigate these issues by coupling LLMs with symbolic reasoners, existing approaches typically rely on monotonic logics (e.g., SMT) that cannot represent defeasible reasoning – essential components of human cognition. We present "LLM+ASP," a framework that translates natural language into Answer Set Programming (ASP), a nonmonotonic formalism based on stable model semantics. Unlike prior "LLM+ASP" approaches that require manually authored knowledge modules, domain-specific prompts, or evaluation restricted to single problem classes, our framework operates without any per-task engineering and applies uniformly across diverse reasoning tasks. Our system utilizes an automated self-correction loop where structured feedback from the ASP solver enables iterative refinement. Evaluating across six diverse benchmarks, we demonstrate that: (1) stable model semantics allow LLMs to naturally express default rules and exceptions, outperforming SMT-based alternatives by significant margins on nonmonotonic tasks; (2) iterative self-correction is the primary driver of performance, effectively replacing the need for handcrafted domain knowledge; (3) compact in-context reference guides substantially outperform verbose documentation, revealing a "context rot" phenomenon where excessive context hinders constraint adherence.

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04.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2601.14547

Active interference suppression in frequency-division-multiplexed quantum gates via off-resonant microwave tones

作者:

Haruki Mitarai↗Yukihiro Tadokoro↗Hiroya Tanaka↗

arXiv:2601.14547v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The increasing number of control lines connecting quantum processors to external electronics constitutes a major bottleneck in the realization of large-scale quantum computers. Frequency-division multiplexing is expected to enable control of multiple qubits through a single microwave cable; however, interference from off-resonant microwave tones hinders precise qubit control. Here, we propose an active interference suppression method for frequency-division-multiplexed simultaneous gates on microwave-controlled qubits. We demonstrate that the deliberate incorporation of off-resonant microwave tones improves single-qubit gate fidelity. In particular, the gate infidelity scales inversely with the square of the number of microwave tones when off-resonant orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal tones are incorporated. Furthermore, we show that fast oscillations, neglected under the rotating wave approximation, degrade the gate fidelity, and that this degradation can be mitigated through optimized frequency allocation. The proposed approach is simple and effective for improving the performance of frequency-division-multiplexed quantum gates.

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05.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.20135

Frequency-Aware Flow Matching for Continuous and Consistent Robotic Action Generation

作者:

Jianing Guo↗Fangzheng Chen↗Zihao Mao↗Wong Lik Hang Kenny↗Zhenhong Wu↗Yu Li↗Yishuai Cai↗Yuanpei Chen↗Yikun Ban↗Kai Chen↗Qi Dou↗Yaodong Yang↗…

arXiv:2606.20135v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Flow matching has emerged as a standard paradigm for robotic manipulation owing to its strong expressive power for modelling complex, multimodal action distributions, alongside similar approaches like diffusion policy. However, existing methods rely on discretized action chunks, making them brittle to demonstrations collected at heterogeneous control frequencies and prone to temporally inconsistent actions that degrade control stability. In this paper, we propose Frequency-Aware Flow Matching (FAFM), which outputs continuous, temporally consistent actions. To handle heterogeneous frequency input, we transform discrete action sequences into the frequency domain with the discrete cosine transform (DCT), perform flow matching over the resulting coefficients, and reconstruct continuous actions via cosine basis expansion. To generate temporally consistent actions, we regularize the first-order temporal derivative to promote smooth actions. This corresponds to a Sobolev-type constraint that suppresses high-frequency errors and discourages abrupt action changes. Our FAFM is simple, introduces no additional network parameters and applies to standalone flow-matching policies and vision-language action models. Across synthetic toy benchmark, obstacle avoidance, LapGym, and LIBERO, FAFM improves success rates, multimodal expressivity, motion smoothness, convergence speed, robustness to mechanical bias and mixed-frequency input. These gains are consistent when deployed on a real-world Franka robot. Code available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/FAFM.

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06.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17443

Incumbent Advantage: Brand Bias and Cognitive Manipulation Dynamics in LLM Recommendation Systems

作者:

Xi Chu↗Yupeng Hou↗

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming a major way for consumers to find products, but we do not yet understand how brands compete in this new channel. We study brand dynamics in LLM recommendations using skincare products – a category where consumers cannot easily judge quality before buying and must rely on brand reputation – across three commercial LLMs (GPT-4o-mini, Claude Sonnet, Gemini 3 Flash), with a robustness check on search goods. In three experiments, we find: (1) a Conditional Monopoly where well-known brands get recommended 100% of the time (IAI = 10.0) when all products have the same specifications, but this dominance disappears with less than a +0.1-star rating advantage for a competitor; (2) authority-style marketing language, including fabricated clinical-evidence claims, breaks this monopoly at a Bias Surplus Value equal to +0.17 rating points, with each model responding differently; and (3) a social dilemma in multi-brand GEO competition: when all brands adopt the same optimization strategy, individual payoff falls from +0.802 to +0.007 in our payoff proxy, and non-participating brands receive zero recommendations in our tests. Our results suggest that generative engine optimization (GEO) should be studied not only as a security risk, but also as an emerging marketing practice that shapes market competition.

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07.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.13978

Classification of Astronomical Spectra Using PCA-Compressed Flux and Inverse-Variance Features

作者:

Bruno Santos Meneses Barreto↗Marcio Eisencraft↗

arXiv:2606.13978v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper evaluates a signal-processing and supervised-learning pipeline for classifying SDSS DR17 astronomical spectra into stars, galaxies, and quasars. Each spectrum is represented by its measured flux and inverse-variance information, combining spectral shape with a wavelength-dependent reliability profile. After resampling onto a common logarithmic wavelength grid, the flux and inverse-variance vectors are standardized and separately compressed using principal component analysis. The resulting components are concatenated and used to train several classifiers. The best performance was obtained with the LightGBM gradient-boosting classifier, reaching $94.6\%$ accuracy and $92.1\%$ balanced accuracy on the test set.

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08.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.25525

The impact of artificial intelligence on enterprise software user roles

作者:

Isabel Unger↗Elizangela Valarini↗Martin Schrepp↗Nina Hollender↗Gabriela Rocha↗Erik Bertram↗

arXiv:2606.25525v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping the nature of work in software development, transforming user roles, workflows, and collaboration patterns across enterprise platforms. This qualitative study investigates how AI alters professional responsibilities within the context of SAP's Business Technology Platform (BTP), combining expert interviews (n=20) and a participatory workshop (n=24). The results reveal substantial shifts in day-to-day tasks and roles in the development domain, characterized by increasing automation of operational tasks, expanding human-AI collaboration, and growing reliance on agentic AI systems. The study further identifies significant implications for existing user-role frameworks, such as the BTP User Type Matrix, which requires adaptation as the workforce is undergoing significant role specific changes. Collectively, these findings highlight a workforce landscape in transition and underscore the need for revised role taxonomies, new governance and oversight functions, and updated design approaches for AI-native enterprise software systems.

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09.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15950

Spectral Adaptive Conformal Prediction for Structured Non-Exchangeable Data

作者:

Jeffery Opoku↗David Banahene↗

arXiv:2606.15950v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Conformal prediction gives prediction intervals with finite-sample coverage when the data are exchangeable. Many time-indexed datasets are not exchangeable. They have seasons, recurring regimes, changing frequencies, or other forms of structured dependence. This paper studies a simple way to use that structure. We propose spectral adaptive conformal prediction, a method that forms weighted conformal quantiles using local spectral similarity and then updates the target miscoverage level online. The spectral weights choose calibration residuals that look relevant to the current test point. The adaptive update corrects the long-run miss rate when uncertainty changes over time. We give an approximate coverage result for the fixed spectral weighted quantile and a deterministic long-run calibration result for the adaptive update. Simulations with recurring regimes and slowly changing frequencies, together with three U.S. real-data examples, show that the hybrid method can improve on fixed spectral weighting, while also showing that spectral weighting must be monitored through effective sample size diagnostics.

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10.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2605.07821

Mitigating Simplicity Bias in OOD Detection through Object Co-occurrence Analysis

作者:

Boyang Dai↗Chaoqi Chen↗Yizhou Yu↗

arXiv:2605.07821v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models. Existing methods mostly focus on regular entangled representations to discriminate in-distribution (ID) and OOD data, neglecting the rich contextual information within images. This issue is particularly challenging for detecting near-OOD, as models with simplicity bias struggle to learn discriminative features in disentangled representations. The human visual system can use the co-occurrence of objects in the natural environment to facilitate scene understanding. Inspired by this, we propose an Object-Centric OOD detection framework that learns to capture Object CO-occurrence (OCO) patterns within images. The proposed method introduces a new OOD detection paradigm that understands object co-occurrence within an image by predicting disentangled representations for the test sample, then adaptively divides patterns into three scenarios based on object co-occurrence patterns observed in ID training data, and finally performs OOD detection in a divide-and-conquer manner. By doing so, OCO can distinguish near-OOD by considering the semantic contextual relationships present in their images, avoiding the tendency to focus solely on simple, easily learnable regions. We evaluate OCO through experiments across challenging and full-spectrum OOD settings, demonstrating competitive results and confirming its ability to address both semantic and covariate shifts. Code is released at https://github.com/Michael-McQueen/OCO.

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11.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2509.03122

From Construction to Injection: Edit-Based Fingerprints for Large Language Models

作者:

Yue Li↗Xin Yi↗Dongsheng Shi↗Yongyi Cui↗Gerard de Melo↗Linlin Wang↗

Reliable model fingerprints are essential for protecting large language models (LLMs) against unauthorized redistribution and commercial misuse. In black-box deployment, verification is hindered by defensive filtering of suspected fingerprint queries, as well as by downstream model modifications that may weaken embedded ownership evidence. These risks require fingerprints to be robust in both construction and injection. For construction, prior paradigms face an imperceptibility trade-off: natural-language fingerprints may be accidentally activated, whereas garbled fingerprints are statistically exposed and easier to filter. For injection, existing methods struggle to preserve persistent trigger–target behaviors under model modification. We propose an end-to-end injected fingerprinting framework to address these challenges. Code-mixing Fingerprints (CF) use lowest-perplexity code-mixing under a high-complexity constraint to mitigate this two-sided imperceptibility trade-off. Multi-Candidate Editing (MCEdit) constructs structurally redundant, margin-separated trigger–target mappings to enable graceful degradation under model modification. Extensive evaluations on imperceptibility, detectability, and harmlessness demonstrate robust ownership verification with negligible impact on utility.

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12.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.25832

MiniOpt: Reasoning to Model and Solve General Optimization Problems with Limited Resources

作者:

Ke Zhao↗Zixiang Di↗Hong Qian↗Xiang Shu↗Yaolin Wen↗Qitao Shi↗Bingdong Li↗Xingyu Lu↗Xiangfeng Wang↗Jun Zhou↗Ke Tang↗Yang Yu↗…

arXiv:2606.25832v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Achieving strong optimization generalization across diverse optimization problems while requiring limited training resources remains a challenging problem for optimization-oriented large language models (LLMs). Existing approaches typically rely on large-scale supervised datasets, costly reasoning annotations, and expensive intermediate step verification, resulting in substantial training overhead. To address these challenges, we propose MiniOpt, a reinforcement learning framework that learns to solve optimization problems through an "reasoning-to-model-and-solve" paradigm. MiniOpt decomposes optimization reasoning into structured optimization modeling and executable solver generation. Building upon this paradigm, we introduce OptReward, a reward function with hierarchical score structure that jointly evaluates formulation and solution, enabling effective policy learning without expert demonstrations. We further develop an optimization-oriented policy optimization strategy that improves exploration efficiency and stabilizes reinforcement learning for compact models. Extensive experiments show that MiniOpt-3B exhibits strong optimization generalization across various optimization types, problem scenarios, and task domains. For models with fewer than 10B parameters, MiniOpt series achieves the highest average solving accuracy (SA). For models with more than 10B parameters, MiniOpt still shows competitive performance. These results suggest that optimization-oriented reward design and reinforcement learning provide an effective pathway for developing compact optimization-specialized language models with strong optimization generalization capabilities. The code is available at https://github.com/Hsiang-1/MiniOpt.

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13.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.14113

Simulating Students' Java Programming Errors with Large Language Models

作者:

Ali Keramati↗Jie Cao↗Iman Mohammadi↗Mark Warschauer↗Yang Shi↗

Understanding student errors in the programming is a cornerstone of programming education, yet obtaining a representative set of student errors for any newly designed task remains slow and costly, since authentic submissions only accumulate after extensive classroom deployment. This paper explores whether large language models (LLMs) can serve as scalable proxies for students by simulating realistic logical errors in code submissions. Using the CodeWorkout dataset of 74,000+ unique student Java submissions across 37 problems, we evaluate five LLMs under three mainstream prompting strategies: Input-Output (IO), Chain-of-Thought (CoT), and iterative Self-Refine. We assess performance along two key dimensions: diversity (the range of distinct error patterns) and alignment (alignment with authentic student mistakes), and examine how these vary by struggling level of programming tasks. Our quantitative findings reveal that while all models generate diverse errors, their alignment to human submissions diverges: Claude Sonnet 4 achieves the most balanced performance. In addition, we conducted a blinded expert annotation study (N = 401) comparing synthetic and authentic errors. This qualitative analysis confirms that the generated errors are functionally indistinguishable from authentic student errors. Moreover, higher-struggling-level problems elicit more diverse but less student-like errors. These results highlight trade-offs in using LLMs to simulate human learners and suggest design considerations for integrating synthetic errors into teachable agents, intelligent tutoring systems, and large-scale learning analytics.

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14.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.26034

Estimating Fidelity to a Reference Quantum State

作者:

Qisheng Wang↗

arXiv:2606.26034v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We consider the problem of estimating the fidelity of an unknown quantum state to a known reference state to within additive error $\varepsilon$. We show that the sample complexity is $O(r^2/\varepsilon^2)$ with optimal $\varepsilon$-dependence when the reference state is of rank $r$, improving the previous best $O(r^2\log^2(1/\varepsilon)/\varepsilon^4)$ due to Utsumi, Nakata, Wang, and Takagi (QIP 2026). We also provide a lower bound of $\Omega(r/\varepsilon^2)$, improving the previous best $\Omega(r/\varepsilon+1/\varepsilon^2)$, with implications to quantum query complexity. Moreover, we further consider the case where the unknown state is of rank at most $r$ while the reference state can be arbitrary, for which the sample complexity is shown to be $O(r^2/\varepsilon^4)$. As an application, we present an approach to tolerant quantum state certification, generalizing the exact certification studied in B\u{a}descu, O'Donnell, and Wright (STOC 2019).

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15.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2606.24839

Grading the Grader: Lessons from Evaluating an Agentic Data Analysis System

作者:

Tian Zheng↗Kai-Tai Hsu↗

arXiv:2606.24839v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agentic data analysis systems produce rich outputs, including code, numerical results, and verbal diagnostics. This makes them more challenging to evaluate than single-turn LLM responses. It is therefore necessary to distinguish genuine disagreement between an agent's output and a ground-truth answer from grading artifacts. We investigate how reliably automated graders assess such a system and what strategies improve grading quality by applying LAMBDA, a multi-agent data-analysis system, on 153 numerical QRData tasks from DSGym. We develop and evaluate a three-layer human-AI grading cascade: strict regex matching, LLM-based lenient grading, and snippet-based human inspection, which combines non-GenAI and GenAI strategies with different failure profiles. Both automated graders achieve 100% observed precision (0/70 false positives). The lenient grader's recall is 97% against human labels. A keyword-anchored extraction pipeline raises the strict grader's recall by 60 percentage points over a last-number heuristic; the lenient grader is architecturally parser-independent. An iterative nudge mechanism raises grading run success from 36% to 97% and lenient-pass rates from 16% to 46%; comparing nudging with and without original-question re-injection shows that re-injection offers no benefit, confirming the nudge as an answer template cue. We further observe in this case study that variable type is the task metadata field most consistently associated with grading pipeline dynamics and observed outcome grades.

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16.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.25165

The Gentle Collapse: Distributional Metrics for Continual Learning

作者:

Ahmed Anwar↗Andreas Wagner↗Federico Raue↗Tobias Nauen↗Andreas Dengel↗

arXiv:2606.25165v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accuracy degradation is the standard metric for Catastrophic Forgetting (CF), however, it records only whether forgetting occurred or not. It saturates at the extremes and collapses discretely at task boundaries, hiding the internal structure of what is being forgotten. We introduce six softmax-derived metrics spanning true-label rank (TLR), predictive confidence, and distributional divergence that characterize forgetting continuously, each normalized to [0, 1] with no modification to training. On CIFAR-100, these metrics carry information where accuracy does not: at 0% accuracy, the Confusion Margin spans an IQR of [0.32, 0.50] across classes that accuracy treats identically. We demonstrate that this richer signal is actionable in mitigating catastrophic forgetting. Per-sample metric scores used as loss weights reduce forgetting by 1.3 percentage points over uniform experience replay (ER) on CIFAR-100. Furthermore, the slope of a metric over a small window provides a stable sampling criterion: at a small-window size (e.g. 3 epochs), accuracy-trend degrades to 34.79% (std. = 2.32) while log-TLR achieves 41.07% (std. = 0.57). This gap is structural since reliable small-window trend estimation requires a continuous signal. On TinyImageNet, log-TLR trend sampling reduces forgetting by 7.7 percentage points over the ER baseline.

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17.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.24985

Retrieval-Augmented Personalization with Foundation Models for Wearable Stress Detection

作者:

Louis Simon↗Mohamed Chetouani↗

arXiv:2606.24985v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Personalization in wearable-based stress detection remains challenging due to substantial inter-individual variability in physiological and behavioral responses. While traditional approaches rely on user-specific fine-tuning or costly self-supervised pre-training on large datasets, we propose a lightweight alternative based on retrieval-augmented personalization. Our method leverages frozen, out-of-domain foundation models to retrieve similar patterns from a target user's history and encode them into a compact personalized embedding that modulates representations extracted by a lightweight transformer network. We evaluate our approach on the WESAD stress detection dataset with N=15 users, comprising wrist-worn physiological (EDA, BVP, temperature) and activity (accelerometer) signals, and report gains of +3.92\% in accuracy and +4.76\% in macro F1-score over a non-personalized transformer baseline, approaching supervised fine-tuning performance without requiring any labeled user data. We further show that temporal retrieval, where only prior user samples are available, achieves performance close to full intra-user retrieval, demonstrating robustness to limited user history. Finally, we explore personalization in a cross-dataset retrieval setting, leveraging embeddings from the K-Emocon dataset to personalize representations for stress detection on the WESAD dataset.

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18.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2509.21398

Skeleton Sparsification and Densification Scale-Spaces

作者:

Julia Gierke↗Pascal Peter↗

The Hamilton-Jacobi skeleton, also known as the medial axis, is a powerful shape descriptor that represents binary objects in terms of the centres of maximal inscribed discs. Despite its broad applicability, the medial axis suffers from sensitivity to noise: Minor boundary variations can lead to disproportionately large and undesirable expansions of the skeleton. Classical pruning methods mitigate this shortcoming by systematically removing extraneous skeletal branches. This sequential simplification of skeletons resembles the principle of sparsification scale-spaces that embed images into a family of reconstructions from increasingly sparse pixel representations. We combine both worlds by introducing skeletonisation scale-spaces: They leverage sparsification of the medial axis to achieve hierarchical simplification of shapes. Unlike conventional pruning, our framework inherently satisfies key scale-space properties such as hierarchical architecture, controllable simplification, and equivariance to geometric transformations. We provide a rigorous theoretical foundation in both continuous and discrete formulations and extend the concept further with densification. By growing the skeleton successively instead of shrinking it, we allow inverse progression from coarse to fine scales. Densification scale-spaces can even reach beyond the original skeleton to produce overcomplete shape representations with relevancy for practical applications. Through proof-of-concept experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework for practical tasks including robust skeletonisation, shape compression, and stiffness enhancement for additive manufacturing.

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19.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2603.19822

HUGE-Bench: A Benchmark for High-Level UAV Vision-Language-Action Tasks

作者:

Jingyu Guo↗Ziye Chen↗Ziwen Li↗Zhengqing Gao↗Jiaxin Huang↗Hanlue Zhang↗Fengming Huang↗Yu Yao↗Tongliang Liu↗Mingming Gong↗

Existing UAV vision-language navigation (VLN) benchmarks have enabled language-guided flight, but they largely focus on long, step-wise route descriptions with goal-centric evaluation, making them less diagnostic for real operations where brief, high-level commands must be grounded into safe multi-stage behaviors. We present HUGE-Bench, a benchmark for High-Level UAV Vision-Language-Action (HL-VLA) tasks that tests whether an agent can interpret concise language and execute complex, process-oriented trajectories with safety awareness. HUGE-Bench comprises 4 real-world digital twin scenes, 8 high-level tasks, and 2.56M meters of trajectories, and is built on an aligned 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS)-Mesh representation that combines photorealistic rendering with collision-capable geometry for scalable generation and collision-aware evaluation. We introduce process-oriented and collision-aware metrics to assess process fidelity, terminal accuracy, and safety. Experiments on representative state-of-the-art VLA models reveal significant gaps in high-level semantic completion and safe execution, highlighting HUGE-Bench as a diagnostic testbed for high-level UAV autonomy.

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20.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2606.23827

Hessian-augmented Supervised Learning for Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman PDEs

作者:

Mat\'ias G\'omez-Aedo↗Behzad Azmi↗Yuyang Huang↗Dante Kalise↗Karl Kunisch↗

arXiv:2606.23827v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A data-driven method is developed for approximating value functions in deterministic optimal control problems with nonlinear control-affine dynamics. The Pontryagin Maximum Principle optimality system is solved from multiple initial conditions to generate training data consisting of values, gradients, and Hessians of the value function, where Hessian information is obtained from a matrix Riccati equation along optimal trajectories. These quantities augment a weighted least-squares regression over sparse polynomial bases on hyperbolic cross index sets, with gradients and Hessians contributing additional linear equations per sample and substantially reducing sample complexity compared to value-only regression. Feedback laws are recovered analytically from the learned value function. In high dimensions, a partial Hessian strategy controls the cost of data generation. The approach is validated on problems of increasing state dimension, where second-order data augmentation is shown to improve approximation accuracy and closed-loop performance, with up to an order-of-magnitude reduction in the number of training samples required relative to lower-order methods.

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21.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15359

DiRecT: Safe Diffusion-Based Planning via Receding-Horizon Denoising

作者:

Paolo Giaretta↗Zeyang Li↗Navid Azizan↗

arXiv:2606.15359v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools for planning and control by learning multimodal distributions over actions and trajectories. Yet reliable inference-time safety enforcement remains a key barrier to their deployment in safety-critical tasks. Existing approaches typically project each denoising iterate onto the feasible set, even though constraints are defined only on the final clean trajectory. Enforcing feasibility on noisy intermediate samples can therefore overconstrain the sampling dynamics, substantially degrading sample quality. To address this limitation, we introduce DiRecT (Diffusion-based planning via Receding-horizon denoising with Terminal constraints), a training-free algorithm for constrained sampling from diffusion models via stochastic optimal control (SOC). DiRecT enforces constraints only on the final clean sample, avoiding unnecessary restrictions on the intermediate denoising dynamics. Inspired by model predictive control, we derive a principled receding-horizon surrogate for the otherwise intractable constrained SOC formulation, yielding an efficient algorithm that cleanly separates stochastic denoising from constraint satisfaction, progressively steering samples toward feasible final trajectories without distorting the learned diffusion dynamics. Furthermore, DiRecT is highly flexible: it can leverage off-the-shelf or domain-specific optimizers, incorporate priors over environment dynamics, and optimize additional soft rewards. Extensive experiments on safe planning benchmarks demonstrate that DiRecT substantially improves deployment safety and task performance over existing diffusion-based planning baselines.

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22.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2602.09730

Allure of Craquelure: A Variational-Generative Approach to Crack Detection in Paintings

作者:

Laura Paul↗Holger Rauhut↗Martin Burger↗Samira Kabri↗Tim Roith↗

Recent advances in imaging technologies, deep learning and numerical performance have enabled non-invasive detailed analysis of artworks, supporting their documentation and conservation. In particular, automated detection of craquelure in digitized paintings is crucial for assessing degradation and guiding restoration, yet remains challenging due to the possibly complex scenery and the visual similarity between cracks and crack-like artistic features such as brush strokes or hair. We propose a hybrid approach that models crack detection as an inverse problem, decomposing an observed image into a crack-free painting and a crack component. A deep generative model is employed as powerful prior for the underlying artwork, while crack structures are captured using a Mumford–Shah-type variational functional together with a crack prior. Joint optimization yields a pixel-level map of crack localizations in the painting.

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23.

bioRxiv (Bioinfo) 2026-06-12 DOI: HASH:7aed8b3cc4f3408a882301afdf852010

From Proteome Mining to Structural Validation: Phosphopyruvate Hydratase as a Structurally Tractable Drug Target in Kinetoplastid Parasites

作者:

Goyzueta Mamani↗L. D↗Barazorda Ccahuana↗H. L↗G Ng↗Pineda R↗Medina Franco↗J. L↗Florin Christensen↗Ferraz Coelho↗E. A↗Spadafora↗…

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, demands novel therapeutic strategies that overcome the toxicity and limited efficacy of current treatments. To address this need, herein we report an integrative, target-centric strategy that combines parasite proteome mining, structural modeling, and experimental validation. Functional enrichment and druggability analyses identified phosphopyruvate hydratase (PPH) as a promising candidate due to its essential metabolic role and limited similarity to human homologs. Notably, proteome mining revealed the presence and conservation of PPH across kinetoplastid parasites, including Leishmania donovani, supporting its evaluation beyond T. cruzi. For the selected PPH sequences, AlphaFold-derived three-dimensional models underwent extensive molecular dynamics refinement, yielding stable conformational ensembles suitable for structure-based studies. Using this validated model, virtual screening of the Latin American Natural Products Database - LANaPDB - identified aptosimon as a top-ranked compound candidate. Molecular dynamics simulations further showed ligand-dependent binding behavior, suggesting alternative binding modes distinct from the canonical substrate configuration. In vitro assays demonstrated consistent antiparasitic activity against intracellular T. cruzi amastigotes (IC50 = 3.52 ug/mL) and Leishmania donovani promastigotes (IC50 = 13.06 ug/mL), supporting the biological relevance of the aptosimon-related lignan chemotype, hinokinin, across two kinetoplastid parasite models. Together, these results support PPH as a structurally tractable and biologically relevant candidate target, while identifying an aptosimon-related lignan chemotype, represented experimentally by hinokinin, as a cross-species antiparasitic scaffold that warrants further biochemical target-validation studies.

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24.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2412.16468

The Road to Artificial SuperIntelligence: A Comprehensive Survey of Superalignment

作者:

HyunJin Kim↗DongHyun Ryu↗Xiaoyuan Yi↗Jing Yao↗Jianxun Lian↗Muhua Huang↗Shitong Duan↗JinYeong Bak↗Xing Xie↗

arXiv:2412.16468v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has sparked discussion on Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), a hypothetical AI system that surpasses human intelligence. Although ASI remains hypothetical and far beyond current AI capabilities, discussing its potential and exploring its feasibility and potential risks is critical for the development of future AI systems. The idea of superalignment originates from scalable oversight, which studies how to supervise increasingly capable AI systems when direct human supervision becomes insufficient. In this paper, we focus on the superalignment problem: "The process of supervising, controlling, and governing artificial superintelligence." We first review scalable oversight paradigms-Sandwiching, Self-Enhancement, and Weak-to-Strong Generalization – then analyze the limitations of current paradigms through the lens of possibility and impossibility, discuss key challenges, and propose pathways for the safe and continual improvement of future AI systems.

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25.

arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2105.13314

Percolation phase transition on planar spin systems

作者:

Caio Alves↗Gideon Amir↗Rangel Baldasso↗Augusto Teixeira↗

arXiv:2105.13314v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In this article we study the continuity and sharpness of the phase transition for percolation models defined on top of planar spin systems. The two examples that we treat in detail concern the Glauber dynamics for the Ising model and a Dynamic Bootstrap process. For both of these models we prove that their phase transition is continuous and sharp, providing also quantitative estimates on the two point connectivity. The techniques that we develop in this work can be applied to a variety of different percolation models based on spin-flip dynamics. We also discuss some of the problems that can be tackled in a similar fashion.

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