中 EN
登录 注册账户

Academic Intelligence · Curated Daily

探索全球前沿学术脉络

AcademicHub 汇聚顶级期刊与预印本平台的实时文献。定制您的专属科研雷达，利用大语言模型自动生成交叉领域文献分析简报。

登录 注册账户
01.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-24

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over Primary Somatosensory Cortex for Upper Limb Function in Stroke: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial

作者:
Lerin Calvo↗Lerma Lara↗Moreno Verdu↗Herrera Rojas↗Remon Ramiro↗Lopez Tapia↗Rodriguez Martinez↗Ferrer Pena↗

Background: Stroke often causes Upper Limb (UL) functional impairments. The Primary Somatosensory Cortex (S1) plays an important role in motor learning. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) over S1 could enhance UL recovery. We aimed to explore its preliminary effects on UL motor activity and function post-stroke. Methods: An exploratory parallel-group randomized controlled trial in people with chronic stroke (>3 months) and moderate hemiparesis was conducted. Participants received 20 sessions of active or sham 5Hz rTMS over affected S1, with Robot-Assisted Therapy and Task-Oriented Training, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was UL motor activity (Action Research Arm Test, ARAT). Secondary measures were the UL Fugl-Meyer Assessment (UL-FMA) and sensory outcomes. Results: The baseline-adjusted mean difference (MD) in ARAT was 4.05 points [0.78, 7.33], favoring active stimulation. Secondary measures did not favor active stimulation (UL-FMA: MD = 2.62 [-1.51, 6.76]; sensory outcomes showed no between-group differences). Conclusion: High-frequency rTMS over S1 may enhance UL motor activity (ARAT), but no evidence for motor impairment (UL-FMA) or sensory domains was found. Compensation rather than restoration may underlie this improvement. Stimulation targets should match the intended recovery domain, although larger trials are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
02.
PLOS Medicine 2026-05-22

Differences in tuberculosis prevalence by sex in low- and middle-income countries over 1993–2025: A systematic review and meta-analysis

作者:
Nicole A. Swartwood↗

by Nicole A. Swartwood, Nanki Singh, Seyed Alireza Mortazavi, Melike Hazal Can, Hening Cui, Do Kyung Ryuk, Peter MacPherson, Katherine C. Horton, Nicolas A. Menzies Background Global and national initiatives to combat tuberculosis (TB) have expanded over recent years. Despite this, the TB burden remains high in some population groups, with men recognized as having elevated TB risks. Summary measures of sex differences in TB prevalence were last estimated in 2016. Since then, many additional prevalence surveys have been conducted, including in the highest TB burden countries. We conducted a systematic review of sex-stratified TB prevalence survey data published over 1993–2025, to provide updated estimates of male-to-female (M:F) TB prevalence ratios and determine whether sex-related disparities in TB burden have closed over time. Methods and findings We identified surveys reporting community-representative, sex-stratified estimates of pulmonary TB prevalence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including surveys from an earlier review (covering January 1993–March 2016) and a new systematic review (covering 1st December 2015–13th October 2025). This review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024503853) and included searches of PubMed, Embase, Global Health, the Cochrane Library, Africa Index Medicus, LILACS, and SciELO. We extracted data on bacteriologically confirmed and smear-positive TB prevalence among adults (aged ≥ 15 years), stratified by sex. Risk of bias was evaluated using eight criteria specific to prevalence surveys. We fit multi-level Bayesian regression models with study- and country-level random effects to estimate the M:F ratio of TB prevalence (male prevalence divided by female prevalence), overall and for key subgroups. In meta-regression analyses, we estimated how prevalence ratios varied over time and according to known TB risk factors and TB case definitions.We identified 10,124 publications and extracted data from 100 eligible studies representing 102 unique prevalence surveys and 4,658,310 participants (45.6% male) in 33 LMICs. TB prevalence was higher in men than women in 90/102 of the included surveys, with a pooled M:F prevalence ratio of 2.02 (95% credible interval (CrI): 1.71, 2.34) for bacteriologically confirmed TB and 2.38 (95% CrI: 1.91, 2.90) for smear-positive TB. Time trend analyses showed a 2.0% (95% CrI: −0.2, 4.5%) average annual change in the M:F ratio of bacteriologically confirmed TB over the study period. The M:F prevalence ratio was estimated to be higher for countries with greater excess HIV prevalence among men, and countries with greater gender equity (as measured by the United Nation’s Gender Development Index). The estimated M:F prevalence ratio was also higher for surveys that did not restrict testing to individuals reporting TB symptoms. Study limitations include heterogeneity in survey methods and definitions, as well as limited data from the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, and Europe WHO world regions and post-COVID-19 period. Conclusions Men in LMICs consistently experience TB at a higher prevalence than women. Time trend estimates are uncertain, but consistent with widening sex differences in TB prevalence over the last three decades, despite efforts to address the risk factors underlying this excess TB burden.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
03.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-25

Epistemic Bias Injection: Manipulating LLM Opinion via Selective Context Retrieval

作者:
Hao Wu↗Prateek Saxena↗

arXiv:2512.00804v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: When answering user queries, LLMs often retrieve knowledge from external sources stored in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) databases. These are often populated from unvetted sources, e.g. the open web, and can contain maliciously crafted data. This paper studies attacks that can manipulate the context retrieved by LLMs from such RAG databases. Prior work on such context manipulation primarily injects false or toxic content, which can often be detected by fact-checking or linguistic analysis. A more subtle threat, which we call epistemic bias injection (EBI), is where adversaries inject factually correct yet epistemically biased passages that systematically favor one side of an open-ended issue. Although linguistically coherent and truthful, such adversarial passages effectively crowd out alternative viewpoints during retrieval from the RAG and push LLM outputs towards an attack-desired stance. As a core contribution, we propose a novel characterization of the problem: We give a geometric metric that quantifies stance polarity and epistemic bias. This metric can be computed directly on embeddings of text passages. Leveraging it, we construct EBI attacks and develop a lightweight prototype defense called BiasDef for them. We evaluate them both on a comprehensive benchmark constructed from public question answering datasets. Our results show that: (1) the proposed attack induces significant stance polarity shifts, effectively evading existing retrieval-based sanitization defenses, and (2) BiasDef substantially reduces adversarial retrieval and epistemic bias in LLM's answers. Overall, this demonstrates the new threat as well as the ease of employing epistemic bias metrics for filtering in RAG-enabled LLMs.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
04.
arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-16

Large Deviations for the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Randomized Quasi-Periodic Initial Data in Higher Dimensions: Subcritical Case

作者:
Fei Xu↗Yong Li↗

arXiv:2604.17253v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study the cubic weakly nonlinear Schrödinger equation with randomized spatially quasi-periodic initial data in higher dimensions. Under a polynomial decay assumption in Fourier space, we establish a Large Deviations Principle for rogue waves in the so-called subcritical time regime. The proof proceeds in two main steps. We first characterize the distribution of the linear solution and establish the corresponding linear large deviations principle. The lower bound is obtained via pointwise estimates, while the upper bound follows from a combination of truncation and probabilistic arguments. {The method used in this step appears to be new; compare with [GGKS23].} We then perform a detailed combinatorial analysis of the Picard iteration, deriving an effective bound for the Duhamel term and thereby establishing the nonlinear large deviations principle.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
05.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-19

On the significance of Wigner's Friend in contexts beyond quantum foundations

作者:
Caroline L. Jones↗Markus P. Mueller↗

arXiv:2402.08727v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: There has been a surge of recent interest in the Wigner's Friend paradox, sparking several novel thought experiments and no-go theorems. The main narrative has been that Wigner's Friend highlights a counterintuitive feature that is unique to quantum theory, and which is closely related to the quantum measurement problem. Here, we challenge this view. We argue that the gist of the Wigner's Friend paradox can be reproduced without assuming quantum physics, and that it underlies a much broader class of enigmas in the foundations of physics and philosophy. To show this, we first consider several recently proposed Extended Wigner's Friend scenarios, and demonstrate that some of their implications for the absoluteness of observations can be reproduced by classical thought experiments that involve the duplication of agents. Crucially, some of these classical scenarios are technologically much easier to implement than their quantum counterparts. Then, we argue that the essential structural ingredient of all these scenarios is a feature that we call "Restriction A": that a physical theory cannot give us a probabilistic description of the observations of all agents. Finally, we argue that this difficulty is at the core of other puzzles in the foundations of physics and philosophy, and demonstrate this explicitly for cosmology's Boltzmann brain problem. Our analysis suggests that Wigner's Friend should be studied in a larger context, addressing a frontier of human knowledge beyond quantum foundations: to obtain reliable predictions for experiments in which these predictions can be privately but not intersubjectively verified.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
06.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-17

R1-SyntheticVL: Is Synthetic Data from Generative Models Ready for Multimodal Large Language Model?

作者:
Jingyi Zhang↗Tianyi Lin↗Huanjin Yao↗Xiang Lan↗Shunyu Liu↗Jiaxing Huang↗

In this work, we aim to develop effective data synthesis techniques that autonomously synthesize multimodal training data for enhancing MLLMs in solving complex real-world tasks. To this end, we propose Collective Adversarial Data Synthesis (CADS), a novel and general approach to synthesize high-quality, diverse and challenging multimodal data for MLLMs. The core idea of CADS is to leverage collective intelligence to ensure high-quality and diverse generation, while exploring adversarial learning to synthesize challenging samples for effectively driving model improvement. Specifically, CADS operates with two cyclic phases, i.e., Collective Adversarial Data Generation (CAD-Generate) and Collective Adversarial Data Judgment (CAD-Judge). CAD-Generate leverages collective knowledge to jointly generate new and diverse multimodal data, while CAD-Judge collaboratively assesses the quality of synthesized data. In addition, CADS introduces an Adversarial Context Optimization mechanism to optimize the generation context to encourage challenging and high-value data generation. With CADS, we construct MMSynthetic-20K and train our model R1-SyntheticVL, which demonstrates superior performance on various benchmarks.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
07.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-12

GeoWorld-VLM: Geometry from World Models for Vision-Language Models

作者:
Renjie Gu↗Kaichen Zhou↗Yan Luo↗Mengyu Wang↗

Modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong semantic recognition, yet remain brittle on elementary spatial relations such as left of, on, behind, and between. One cause of this failure arises before language reasoning begins: the visual pathway may compress or discard critical 3D structural cues during feature extraction, so the language model receives image representations that are already insufficient for reliable spatial judgment. We introduce GeoWorld-VLM, a VLM-side distillation framework that transfers geometric structure from frozen camera-conditioned video world models into VLMs. GeoWorld-VLM fine-tunes only the image encoder and multimodal projector, aligning post-projector image features with intermediate world-model representations while leaving the main backbone frozen. Given images, a prompt, and a sampled camera trajectory, the world-model teacher converts static visual input into a synthetic multi-view spatial signal. Training combines spatial answer supervision, teacher-student feature alignment, and a preservation anchor to the original VLM. Since the language model remains frozen, GeoWorld-VLM preserves the original model's linguistic capabilities while attributing spatial improvements to the enhanced visual pathway. To evaluate the effectiveness and generality of the proposed method, we apply GeoWorld-VLM to two distinct VLM architectures and observe consistent improvements across both backbones. GeoWorld-VLM improves performance by approximately 4 percent on both the What'sUp and VSR benchmarks, suggesting that world-model-guided visual alignment generalizes across model structures and spatial reasoning datasets.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
08.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-15

ICD-10 Code Ambiguity Obscures Treatment-Eligible Adults with Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Single-Center Chart Review and Patient Outreach Study

作者:
Holly↗Bean↗Beshay↗Edwards↗Streicher↗N. S↗

Background. Three disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) have been approved since 2016, yet many adults remain untreated. Identifying them depends on ICD-10 codes that capture SMA but do not reliably distinguish it from other related conditions. We examined, in one U.S. health system, both patients' engagement with therapy and the accuracy of the codes used to find them. Methods. We conducted a retrospective chart review of adults in an academic health system identified by SMA-associated ICD-10 codes, with manual adjudication of diagnosis and DMT status. Confirmed SMA-positive, DMT-naive patients were invited to a structured telephone interview on treatment awareness and barriers. Results. Of 60 charts, 22 (36.7%; 95% CI 25.6-49.3%) were appropriately coded for SMA or a related disorder; only 16 (26.7%) had molecularly confirmed SMA. The other 38 (63.3%) were miscoded, spanning spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, asymptomatic carriers, prenatal screening, and conditions unrelated to SMA. Ten of the 16 confirmed patients (62.5%) were DMT-naive; one was interviewed, one declined, and eight could not be reached. The non-response is itself a finding: the patients least visible to administrative data are the hardest to reach. Conclusions. ICD-10 ambiguity is a barrier to treatment access in adult SMA, as is loss to follow-up. We make two recommendations: continuous documentation-coding alignment that uses natural language processing to verify the genetic precondition, and type-specific SMA codes (subcodes for Types 0-4) anchored on molecular SMN1 confirmation. Together these would support cohort identification, outreach, and evidence generation without adding to clinician burden.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
09.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25

A welding penetration prediction model for laser welding process based on self-supervised learning using physics-informed neural networks

作者:
Sen Li↗Xiaoying Liu↗Xiaojian Xu↗Chendong Shao↗Yaqi Wang↗Ling Lan↗Xinhua Tang↗Haichao Cui↗

The laser welding full-penetration is of critical importance, as it constitutes one of the fundamental factors in achieving defect-free welded joints. Accurate prediction of the penetration state is therefore essential for ensuring weld quality. To this end, this paper introduces SimPhysNet, a novel algorithm that achieves high classification accuracy in laser welding penetration prediction using only a limited number of labelled images. This approach effectively overcomes the limitations of supervised learning classification algorithms, which are hindered in industrial applications by their dependence on extensive, high-quality labelled data. The core of SimPhysNet is a unique self-supervised learning paradigm that embeds physical priors into a contrastive learning framework. By incorporating a physics-informed neural network (PINN), the model is guided to extract physically meaningful features of the molten pool and keyhole from a large set of unlabelled data, while three image augmentation tasks further enhance its generalization capabilities. Subsequently, a few-shot learning strategy, based on prototypical networks, enables robust classification by constructing class representations from a minimal set of labelled images. Experimental results demonstrate that SimPhysNet achieves a classification accuracy of 96.06% using only 200 labelled images (approximately 5% of the total labelled dataset), which is comparable to the performance of conventional supervised learning algorithms that utilize the entire labelled dataset. This work presents a new, efficient, and highly accurate method, providing the way for the intelligent automation of laser welding.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
10.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-25

Evaluating Scene-based In-Situ Item Labeling for Immersive Conversational Recommendation

作者:
Jiazhou Liang↗Yifan Simon Liu↗David Guo↗Minqi Sun↗Yilun Jiang↗Scott Sanner↗

arXiv:2604.09698v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The growing ubiquity of Extended Reality (XR) is driving Conversational Recommendation Systems (CRS) toward visually immersive experiences. We formalize this paradigm as Immersive CRS (ICRS), where recommended items are highlighted directly in the user's scene-based visual environment and augmented with in-situ labels. While item recommendation has been widely studied, the problem of how to select and evaluate which information to present as immersive labels remains an open problem. To this end, we introduce a principled categorization of information needs into explicit intent satisfaction and proactive information needs and use these to define novel evaluation metrics for item label selection. We benchmark IR-, LLM-, and VLM-based methods across three datasets and ICRS scenarios: fashion, movie recommendation, and retail shopping. Our evaluation reveals three important limitations of existing methods: (1) they fail to leverage scenario-specific information modalities (e.g., visual cues for fashion, meta-data for retail), (2) they present redundant information that is visually inferable, and (3) they poorly anticipate users' proactive information needs from explicit dialogue alone. In summary, this work provides both a novel evaluation paradigm for in-situ item labeling in ICRS and highlights key challenges for future work.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
11.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-11

Open Materials Generation with Inference-Time Reinforcement Learning

作者:
Philipp Hoellmer↗Stefano Martiniani↗

arXiv:2602.00424v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Continuous-time generative models for crystalline materials enable inverse materials design by learning to predict stable crystal structures, but incorporating explicit target properties into the generative process remains challenging. Policy-gradient reinforcement learning (RL) provides a principled mechanism for aligning generative models with downstream objectives but typically requires access to the score, which has prevented its application to flow-based models that learn only velocity fields. We introduce Open Materials Generation with Inference-time Reinforcement Learning (OMatG-IRL), a policy-gradient RL framework that operates directly on the learned velocity fields and eliminates the need for the explicit computation of the score. OMatG-IRL leverages stochastic perturbations of the underlying generation dynamics preserving the baseline performance of the pretrained generative model while enabling exploration and policy-gradient estimation at inference time. Using OMatG-IRL, we present the first application of RL to crystal structure prediction (CSP). Our method enables effective reinforcement of an energy-based objective while preserving diversity through composition conditioning, and it achieves performance competitive with score-based RL approaches. Finally, we show that OMatG-IRL can learn time-dependent velocity-annealing schedules, enabling accurate CSP with order-of-magnitude improvements in sampling efficiency and, correspondingly, reduction in generation time. The OMatG-IRL code is included in a new release of the Open Materials Generation (OMatG) framework available at https://github.com/FERMat-ML/OMatG.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
12.
arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-12

(Non)-hyperuniformity of perturbed lattices

作者:
David Dereudre↗Daniela Flimmel↗Martin Huesmann↗Thomas Lebl\'e↗

arXiv:2405.19881v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We ask whether a stationary lattice in dimension $d$ whose points are shifted by identically distributed but possibly dependent perturbations remains hyperuniform. When $d = 1$ or $2$, we show that it is the case when the perturbations have a finite $d$-moment, and that this condition is sharp. When $d \geq 3$, we construct arbitrarily small perturbations such that the resulting point process is not hyperuniform. As a side remark of independent interest, we exhibit hyperuniform processes with arbitrarily slow decay of their number variance.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
13.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-19

Sparse positive maps on qutrits with exact nondecomposability thresholds and PPT-entanglement transitions

作者:
Davide Poderini↗Angela Rosy Morgillo↗Fabio Benatti↗Fabio Anselmi↗Chiara Macchiavello↗Massimiliano F. Sacchi↗

arXiv:2606.19765v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study a family of sparse positive maps on qutrits for which positivity, decomposability, and PPT entanglement can all be analysed explicitly. The block structure of the associated Choi matrices reduces positivity to a Hermitian biquadratic form and leads to exact positivity boundaries for three representative parametric families. For the same families we determine the exact transition between decomposable and non-decomposable maps and construct associated PPT states of two classes. The first consists of witness-adapted deformations naturally tied to the non-decomposability analysis. The second consists of analytically tractable families whose full PPT-entangled branch is detected by fixed positive maps, yielding exact thresholds between separability and bound entanglement. For the trace-preserving subclass, we further compare positivity with a recent eigenvalue bound for 2-positive maps, thereby making the gap between positivity and higher-order positivity fully explicit within this family.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
14.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-17

Statistical Foundations of LLM-based A/B Testing: A Surrogacy Framework for Human Causal Inference

作者:
Joel Persson↗M{\aa}rten Schultzberg↗Sebastian Ankargren↗

arXiv:2606.17165v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Organizations and researchers show increasing interest in using large language models (LLMs) in place of human participants in A/B tests, in the hope of experimenting faster and at lower cost. We study when a treatment effect estimated on LLM outcomes recovers the effect that would have been measured on the human population of interest. Distributional equivalence between LLM and human outcomes would make any standard estimator valid but is unrealistic. We therefore develop a statistical framework that adapts surrogate endpoint theory to LLMs. The framework shows that calibrating LLM outcomes to human outcomes identifies the average treatment effect under surrogacy and comparability conditions that are jointly weaker than distributional equivalence. When these conditions fail, the effect of interest is only partially identified, and we provide diagnostics that can falsify surrogacy on historical experiments together with a bound on the worst-case bias from limited overlap. We further show that the stochasticity inherent to LLMs introduces both bias and variance, but using an average of multiple draws as the surrogate mitigates both. We illustrate the methods and theory in simulations and an application to A/B tests on Upworthy headlines. A central takeaway from our work is that the validity of LLM outcomes as surrogates can only be falsified for past treatments and never verified for new ones, so human experiments remain indispensable for novel interventions. We discuss the role of LLM choice, prompting, and temperature as design variables, and how to size human experiments for validation.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
15.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-19

HumanScale: Egocentric Human Video Can Outperform Real-Robot Data for Embodied Pretraining

作者:
Juncheng Ma↗Jianxin Bi↗Yufan Deng↗Xuanran Zhai↗Kewei Zhang↗Ye Huang↗Bo Liang↗Shukai Gong↗Jiankai Tu↗Xiaotian Tang↗Jiaxin Li↗Kaiqi Chen↗…

Embodied foundation models are expected to benefit from data scaling like large language models, but face a much tighter data bottleneck. Teleoperated real-robot trajectories remain the dominant pretraining source due to their precise action supervision and embodiment alignment, yet their scalability is limited by high collection cost, acquisition difficulty, and low behavioral and environmental diversity. These limitations have sparked interest in egocentric human video as a scalable, substantially lower-cost, and more diverse alternative for embodied model pretraining. However, its effectiveness compared to teleoperated real-robot data remains underexplored. To address this question, we conduct a systematic study comparing egocentric human video and teleoperated real-robot trajectories as pretraining data sources for embodied foundation models, under fixed post-training and validation protocols. Surprisingly, we find that egocentric data, when processed through a carefully designed filtering and labeling pipeline, is not merely a viable substitute for model pretraining but can lead to superior performance. With the same amount of pretraining data, models pretrained on egocentric data achieve a 24% lower validation loss on real-robot action prediction, as well as 52.5% and 90% higher success rates on in-distribution and out-of-distribution real-robot task execution, respectively. This finding verifies a scalable paradigm for embodied foundation models: pretrain on egocentric human video to learn diverse world representations, then adapt with a small amount of labeled real-robot data for action-space alignment. We hope this study encourages broader exploration of egocentric data and offers guidance for data quality assessment before costly robot data collection.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
16.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-12

To Cool, or Not to Cool? Displacement Sensing with Hot Quantum States

作者:
Piotr T. Grochowski↗

arXiv:2606.13650v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantum-enhanced displacement sensing with bosonic systems is typically formulated assuming that the oscillator is cooled close to its ground state before nonclassical probe preparation. We investigate whether such near-ground-state initialization is necessary, or whether sensitive probes can instead be generated directly from thermal states. We analyze hot quantum probes produced by squeezing, number-raising, and Schrödinger-cat-state generation applied to thermal inputs. We identify two distinct mechanisms by which thermal mixedness can remain compatible with enhanced displacement sensitivity. First, projecting a mixed probe onto a definite parity sector removes the usual thermal suppression of the displacement quantum Fisher information, which can then increase with initial thermal occupation. Second, coherent superpositions of opposite displacements can retain sensitivity through coherence between their displaced components, even when the underlying state is mixed. We use these two mechanisms to classify hot-state protocols according to whether their sensitivity comes from parity selection, coherence between displaced components, or both. Finally, we formulate an experimentally relevant optimization problem comparing initial cooling with direct hot-state preparation under realistic decoherence and show that complete cooling is not universally optimal. Our results establish hot-state engineering as a route to quantum-enhanced bosonic displacement sensing without mandatory ground-state initialization.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
17.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-24

Reachability and optimal-time certificates for quantum control

作者:
Younes Naceur↗Lloren\c{c} Balada Gaggioli↗

arXiv:2606.24645v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Finite-time control is central to quantum technologies, yet rigorous limits on reachable targets and optimal control times remain largely unknown. We develop a framework for finite-time reachability and optimal-time certificates in constrained quantum control based on moment relaxations with implicitly time-dependent differential constraints. For fixed control horizons and control constraints, the method yields rigorous upper bounds on achievable terminal fidelities, lower bounds on the optimal control times required to reach them, and certificate gaps for benchmarking explicit control pulses. We demonstrate the versatility of our framework in three use cases: entangled-state preparation in two and three qubits, one-qubit gate synthesis across different control geometries, and excitation transfer in an $N$-qubit $XX$ chain. Our work establishes differential moment hierarchies as a practical tool for certifying reachability limits and optimal control times in quantum control, providing hardware-aware quantum speed limits while highlighting structure exploitation as a key ingredient for scalable certification.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
18.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-18

SpectralDiT: Timestep-Conditioned Spectral Residual Correction for Flow-Matching DiTs

作者:
Jiayu Tian↗

We propose SpectralDiT, a lightweight modification to flow-matching Diffusion Transformers that adds timestep-conditioned spectral correction to the MLP residual branch. The module decomposes each residual update into low- and high-frequency components on the patch-token grid, then learns a zero-initialized additive gate so the model initially matches the baseline DiT. On CIFAR-10 pixel-space generation, SpectralDiT improves FID from 20.78 to 19.71 at patch size 1 and reduces the radial Fourier spectrum gap. Furthermore, we scale our method to latent diffusion on ImageNet-100. With 0.6% additional theoretical FLOPs and 1.36% additional parameters, SpectralDiT improves latent flow-matching, achieving an 8.7% relative FID reduction under classifier-free guidance (CFG 2.0). All reported results are averaged over five seeds. Ablations and gate visualizations on CIFAR-10 reveal stable block-specific spectral correction patterns.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
19.
Nature (Science) 2026-06-17

Analysis of 173,303 exomes and genomes in the Pakistan Genome Resource

作者:
Christopher Koch↗

Naturally occurring loss-of-function variants in human genes enable drug target discovery because they mimic pharmacological inhibition of proteins. However, the study of these genetic variants is constrained by their rarity. Sequencing of diverse populations, particularly those enriched in familial relatedness, has been postulated to promote discovery of rare genetic variants1–3. Here we present the Pakistan Genome Resource, a South Asian biobank with high familial relatedness comprising 173,303 participants, who collectively carry naturally occurring homozygous loss-of-function variants in 6,476 genes. We describe the genetic architecture of this population, associations between genes and biomarkers, the distribution of loss-of-function variants across molecular pathways, and recall-by-genotype studies of therapeutically relevant genes. The Pakistan Genome Resource expands the catalogue of human genetic variants, provides a comprehensive genetic reference resource for the Pakistani population, and demonstrates the value of studying diverse cohorts to advance human health. The Pakistan Genome Resource compiles biobank data from 173,303 individuals with high familial relatedness, broadening the catalogue of human genetic variation and establishing a population-specific genomic reference for Pakistan.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
21.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-15

Concatenated Matrix SVD: Compression Bounds, Incremental Approximation, and Error-Constrained Clustering

作者:
Maksym Shamrai↗

arXiv:2601.11626v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large collections of matrices arise throughout modern machine learning, signal processing, and scientific computing, where they are commonly compressed by concatenation followed by truncated singular value decomposition (SVD). This strategy enables parameter sharing and efficient reconstruction and has been widely adopted across domains ranging from multi-view learning and signal processing to neural network compression. However, it leaves a fundamental question unanswered: which matrices can be safely concatenated and compressed together under explicit reconstruction error constraints? Existing approaches rely on heuristic or architecture-specific grouping and provide no principled guarantees on the resulting SVD approximation error. In the present work, we introduce a theory-driven framework for compression-aware clustering of matrices under SVD compression constraints. Our analysis establishes new spectral bounds for horizontally concatenated matrices, deriving global upper bounds on the optimal rank-$r$ SVD reconstruction error from lower bounds on singular value growth. The first bound follows from Weyl-type monotonicity under blockwise extensions, while the second leverages singular values of incremental residuals to yield tighter, per-block guarantees. We further develop an efficient approximate estimator based on incremental truncated SVD that tracks dominant singular values without forming the full concatenated matrix. Therefore, we propose three clustering algorithms that merge matrices only when their predicted joint SVD compression error remains below a user-specified threshold. The algorithms span a trade-off between speed, provable accuracy, and scalability, enabling compression-aware clustering with explicit error control.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
22.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-11

RAIL: Rethinking Auditory Intelligence in Large Audio-Language Models with a CHC-Grounded Benchmark

作者:
Hongyu Jin↗Siyi Wang↗Yang Xiao↗Jiaheng Dong↗Shihong Tan↗Kaiyuan peng↗Georgiana Juravle↗Shanquan Chen↗Gongping Huang↗Hong Jia↗Eun-Jung Holden↗James Bailey↗…

arXiv:2606.11260v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Humans process rich auditory environments through tightly integrated cognitive capabilities such as audio perception, audio reasoning, and memory. Despite recent progress in large audio-language models (LALMs) across speech understanding and multimodal audio reasoning, current evaluation paradigms remain largely task- or modality-centric, focusing on end performance while overlooking underlying auditory cognitive behaviours. This reveals a fundamental gap between how auditory cognition is understood in humans and how it is evaluated in LALMs, particularly in the lack of frameworks that operationalise cognitive principles beyond task-level metrics to systematically capture model behaviour. In this work, we introduce RAIL, a human-centric evaluation paradigm grounded in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) cognitive framework. RAIL formalises auditory cognition into five core capabilities and develop them into structured evaluation tasks that probe how models process, retain, and integrate auditory information. We further construct a cognitively grounded benchmark with principled data curation and human-aligned evaluation protocols. Evaluating 26 state-of-the-art LALMs, we find that current models exhibit highly uneven performance across cognitive abilities. RAIL establishes a new evaluation paradigm that moves beyond task-centric benchmarking toward cognitively grounded assessment of auditory intelligence.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
23.
Nature (Science) 2026-06-24

Global high-resolution mapping of seagrass to support conservation

作者:
Jianghai Peng↗

Seagrass ecosystems underpin coastal biodiversity1 and provide vital ecosystem services, including shoreline protection2, food security3 and climate mitigation4. Despite growing recognition as a nature-based climate solution, seagrasses are among the least mapped and most poorly understood vegetated coastal ecosystems5. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first global 10-m spatial resolution maps and change analysis of seagrass extent in clear, shallow coastal waters, derived from 4.75 million Sentinel-2 MSI satellite images for two periods (2019–2020 and 2023–2024). Using a deep-learning classifier trained on curated reference data, we identified 148,506 km2 of seagrass globally, including 5,961 km2 of intertidal and 142,545 km2 of subtidal areas. Sixty-nine per cent of global seagrass extent is concentrated in The Bahamas, Cuba, the USA, Australia and Indonesia, yet only 21% of seagrass areas are located within marine-protected areas. Over the 4 years of the study, 5,969 km2 (4%) of seagrass was lost, and an additional 6,221 km2 (4.2%) was degraded from dense to sparse cover in tropical regions. Our findings identify seagrass meadow hotspots and vulnerable regions to inform conservation and climate policy. Global high-resolution mapping shows widespread seagrass loss and degradation since 2019, with most meadows outside protected areas, highlighting urgent conservation and climate-policy needs.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
24.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-17

AnnotateAnything: Automatic Annotation of 3D Assets for Robot Manipulation

作者:
Haoran Lu↗Mutian Shen↗Shuyang Yu↗Yu Xiao↗Songling Liu↗Jianshu Zhang↗Shang Wu↗Yue Chen↗Guo Ye↗Jiayi Wang↗Zhaoran Wang↗Han Liu↗…

Simulation enables scalable robot data collection, but raw 3D assets provide only geometry, lacking the semantic, interactive, and physical knowledge needed to specify where and how robots should act. In this work, we present AnnotateAnything, a general automatic annotation framework that converts passive 3D assets into manipulation-ready assets with structured, diverse, and executable manipulation labels. AnnotateAnything is built around two complementary pipelines. First, a unified visual-language annotation pipeline using vision-language reasoning to infer object semantics, interaction constraints, and 3D-grounded cues, providing human-prior guidance for identifying meaningful interaction regions. Second, a fully automatic and massively parallel physics annotation pipeline grounds these priors in each asset's geometry and physical constraints through candidate generation, geometry optimization and trajectory generation. This pipeline produces diverse and executable action annotations, including grasp poses, dexterous contacts, articulation waypoints, insertion directions, hanging affordances, and navigation targets. Using the generated annotations, we further build an asynchronous parallel simulation data-collection system across diverse objects, tasks, and robot embodiments. Experiments demonstrate that AnnotateAnything achieves superior annotation efficiency, data-collection efficiency, and task success rates over existing annotation and data-generation pipelines, while also supporting downstream tasks such as affordance detection, robotic VQA, and visual instruction finetuning. We provide project materials on the project page and plan to release the full code, annotations, and benchmark to facilitate future research. Videos, code, demo assets, and annotations are provided in supplementary materials Project page: https://tourmaline-caramel-169490.netlify.app.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →
25.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-17

Helical Dirac Current with Local Coupling to a Chiral Potential

作者:
Ju Gao↗Fang Shen↗

arXiv:2606.17618v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We show that exact Dirac eigenstates in cylindrical confinement carry a definite helical conserved-current texture even in the zero orbital angular momentum channel l = 0. For the lowest confined mode, the Dirac current contains a nonvanishing azimuthal component together with longitudinal transport and exhibits opposite handedness in the two spin-resolved sectors. The structure also persists into the evanescent region. We further derive the channel-resolved matrix-element kernel generated by a static chiral scalar potential acting on the confined l = 0 Dirac modes. The resulting spin-selective coupling arises from the Dirac current texture and the scalar chiral potential, and yields a geometric selection rule in which diagonal channels vanish while off-diagonal conversion channels survive. The coupling strength is governed by an internal sampled-current overlap Jchi(k), defined as the integral from 0 to R of f(rho) times jphi_up(rho, k) times rho d rho. This quantity measures the spatial overlap between the chiral radial profile and the spin-up azimuthal Dirac-current density. The mechanism is fully local and texture-based, without external magnetic fields or spin-orbit coupling. Within standard Dirac theory, this work identifies the minimal static Dirac-geometric kernel underlying spin-selective response, establishing a baseline structure from which dynamical-medium, scattering, and transport formalisms can be systematically developed toward a complete description of spin-polarization phenomena such as CISS.

阅读与讨论 → 访问原文 →