探索全球前沿学术脉络

01.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.10881

Large-scale semantic mapping of learner agency and autonomy reveals what measurement and generative AI research overlook

作者:

Fei Qin↗Xiaobo Liu↗Yaowen Zhang↗Xuming Li↗Fei Wang↗Mutlu Cukurova↗Jingjing Chen↗Yu Zhang↗

arXiv:2606.10881v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Learner agency and autonomy are foundational to personal development, yet a pervasive "jingle-jangle" fallacy (i.e. identical terms denoting different constructs, distinct terms denoting identical ones) has substantially hindered cumulative knowledge. Treating meaning as a phenomenon constituted through use in linguistic practice, we extracted 8,954 definitions and 2,700 scale items from over 14,000 publications, to investigate how researchers actually used learner agency and autonomy with a semantic analysis pipeline. The definitional landscape of two constructs resolves into three dimensions: regulation and control of learning (task), intrinsic motivation and internal decision-making (person), and social-relational action (sociocultural), thereby empirically quantifying the jingle-jangle fallacy. Existing scales, however, systematically underrepresent the sociocultural dimension. Critically, current generative AI research in education concentrates on learning regulation and control, narrowing the behavioral repertoire that AI-mediated learning environments are designed to cultivate. Beyond conceptual clarification, this work carries direct implications for conceptualization, measurement, and practice towards supporting the multidimensional learner agency and autonomy.

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02.

medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-22 DOI: HASH:cff11c4c4539678d82d6d8f31489239f

The circulating blood proteome of childhood acute leukemia

作者:

Enblad↗A. P↗Globisch↗M. A↗Gogishvili↗Tuononen↗Krali↗Lundmark↗Oksa↗Hjort↗Lysenkova Wiklander↗Holmfeldt↗…

The circulating blood proteome provides a systemic readout of disease biology and holds promise for advancing diagnostics and disease monitoring in pediatric leukemia. Here, we profiled 3072 proteins in diagnostic serum from 54 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 21 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 12 healthy controls using the Olink Proximity Extension Assay. We observed profound alterations in circulating protein levels in leukemia patients compared with controls and identified immunophenotype-specific proteins, including SIGLEC15 in B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL), NOTCH1 in T-ALL, and CEBPA in AML, all which remained high even in patients with low (

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03.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.16519

BadWorld: Adversarial Attacks on World Models

作者:

Linghui Shen↗Mingyue Cui↗Xingyi Yang↗

Visual world models (VWMs) synthesize interactive, action-conditioned rollouts from a single context image. However, it remains an open question how robust these models are to adversarial perturbations. Standard adversarial attacks fail to assess this vulnerability because attackers lack ground-truth future videos and cannot predict subsequent user controls. We introduce BadWorld, a label-free adversarial framework tailored for autoregressive VWMs that systematically overcomes both constraints. First, to bypass the need for future supervision, we propose a self-supervised velocity attack that directly disrupts the early denoising dynamics of the model. Second, to ensure the attack generalizes across unpredictable user actions, we formulate a trajectory-adaptive bi-level optimization that actively mines hard control sequences to forge control-agnostic perturbations. Evaluated on representative VWMs with continuous and discrete controls, BadWorld exposes severe structural fragility. Visually indistinguishable adversarial images reliably trigger catastrophic degradation in future rollouts, leading to incomplete denoising, structural collapse, and control inconsistency. These findings reveal critical risks for deploying VWMs in safety-critical systems while highlighting a practical mechanism for privacy protection.

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04.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2510.14792

MSPL: Multi-Step Pseudo-Labeling for Open-Vocabulary Object Detection

作者:

Hojun Choi↗Youngsun Lim↗Jaeyo Shin↗Hyunjung Shim↗

Open-vocabulary object detection (OVD) aims to recognize and localize object categories beyond the training set. Recent approaches leverage vision-language models to generate pseudo-labels using image-text alignment, allowing detectors to generalize to unseen classes without explicit supervision. However, these methods depend heavily on single-step image-text matching, neglecting the intermediate reasoning steps crucial for interpreting semantically complex visual contexts, such as crowding or occlusion. In this paper, we introduce MSPL, a framework that incorporates multi-step visual reasoning into the pseudo-labeling process for OVD. It decomposes complex scene understanding into three interpretable steps-object localization, category recognition, and background grounding-where these intermediate reasoning states serve as rich supervision sources. Extensive experiments on standard OVD evaluation protocols demonstrate that MSPL achieves state-of-the-art performance with superior pseudo-labeling efficiency, outperforming the strong baseline by 9.4 AP50 for novel classes on OV-COCO and improving box and mask APr by 3.2 and 2.2, respectively, on OV-LVIS. Code and models are available at https://github.com/hchoi256/mspl.

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05.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.11257

Energy-Efficient On-Device RAG on a Mobile NPU: System Design and Benchmark on Snapdragon X Elite

作者:

Zhiyuan Cheng↗Longying Lai↗

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines are compute-intensive, combining embedding, retrieval, reranking, and large language model (LLM) generation. Running them entirely on-device benefits privacy, latency, and offline use, but the energy cost of CPU inference is a major barrier. We present what is, to our knowledge, the first end-to-end RAG pipeline that runs all neural stages – embedding, reranking, and LLM generation – on the Qualcomm Hexagon NPU of the Snapdragon X Elite. Profiling on a Dell XPS 13 laptop, we compare NPU-accelerated RAG against CPU and OpenCL/Adreno GPU baselines on indexing and query workloads. On indexing, the NPU achieves 9.1x higher embedding throughput and 12.3x less system energy. On a 120-query Wikipedia-passage benchmark, it delivers 18.1x faster LLM prefilling, 4.0x lower end-to-end query latency, and 4.0x less system energy than the CPU baseline; the same workload on the integrated GPU is 1.7x slower than CPU and uses 6.5x more energy than the NPU. A GPT-4.1 LLM-as-judge evaluation finds NPU answer quality on par with CPU and GPU within evaluator noise (mean 9.32 vs. 8.95 vs. 9.03 on a 1-10 rubric), with 86.7% of queries scoring identically across all three backends. On the Snapdragon X Elite / Hexagon class of laptop SoC, the NPU thus enables practical, energy-efficient on-device RAG without quality regression – a sustainable path toward green edge intelligence that we expect to generalize to comparable mobile NPUs (Apple Neural Engine, Intel NPU, MediaTek APU) as their software stacks mature.

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06.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.17005

Bayesian Inference and Decision Audits for Public Archives of Frontier AI Evaluations

作者:

Yanan Long↗

arXiv:2606.17005v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Public AI evaluations are often read as terminal leaderboards, yet the underlying evidence is a selective time series shaped by reporting rules, benchmark revisions, and missingness. Repeated public archives for LiveBench and Open LLM Leaderboard v2 serve as the primary longitudinal record; LMArena provides a preference stress test; and GAIA and tau-bench contribute limited agentic pilots. Together, these archives instantiate a Bayesian inference problem: under a fixed reporting convention, one constructed terminal-only example over $1{,}000$ systems is compatible with two pre-terminal histories, yielding times of $23.03$ or $75.13$ to reach within $0.05$ of the ceiling under the same terminal-tail model. In synthetic posterior comparisons, action-facing diagnostics differ across observation regimes. The candidate selection-aware frontier model fails synthetic recovery, objective-archive prediction, preference transfer, and uncertainty calibration; correspondingly, fixed audit gates reject its stronger claims. An archive-and-adjudication protocol reconstructs public evaluation histories, isolates a verified timing boundary, and falsifies unsupported frontier claims.

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07.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.12087

FORT-Searcher: Synthesizing Shortcut-Resistant Search Tasks for Training Deep Search Agents

作者:

Jia Deng↗Yimeng Chen↗Xiaoqing Xiang↗Ziyang Zeng↗Shuo Tang↗Wayne Xin Zhao↗Feng Chang↗Chuan Hao↗Yuan Wei↗Ran Tao↗Bryan Dai↗Ji-Rong Wen↗…

Training deep search agents requires verifiable questions whose answers remain unavailable until sufficient evidence has been acquired through search. Existing synthesis methods often increase apparent difficulty by enriching graph structures, but structural complexity alone does not guarantee realized search difficulty: the intended search process can collapse through a cheaper identifying route. We formalize this gap with a shortcut-aware difficulty framework and identify four actionable shortcut risks: evidence co-coverage, single-clue selectivity, exposed constants, and prior-knowledge binding. To diagnose their realized effects, we use trajectory signatures including solving cost, answer hit time, and prior-shortcut rate. Guided by this framework, we introduce FORT, a Framework of Shortcut-Resistant Training-Data Synthesis. FORT constructs shortcut-resistant training data by controlling shortcut risks across entity selection, evidence graph construction, question formulation, and adversarial refinement. Experiments show that FORT induces longer pre-answer search and fewer shortcut patterns than existing open-source deep search datasets. Using the resulting trajectories, we train FORT-Searcher with supervised fine-tuning (SFT) only, and it achieves the best overall performance among comparable-size open-source search agents on challenging deep search benchmarks. Relevant resources will be made available at https://github.com/RUCAIBox/FORT-Searcher.

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08.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.17024

ExpRL: Exploratory RL for LLM Mid-Training

作者:

Violet Xiang↗Amrith Setlur↗Chase Blagden↗Nick Haber↗Aviral Kumar↗

arXiv:2606.17024v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sparse reward reinforcement learning (RL) has become a standard tool for improving LLM reasoning, but its success depends critically on the coverage present in the base model. In practice, models are often primed for RL through mid-training on curated reasoning traces that teach useful primitive skills such as decomposition, verification, or self-correction. Although effective, this strategy requires manually specifying what the model should learn, and it remains unclear whether such primitive coverage is enough for much harder problems, which require combining these skills into broader solution strategies. We study a more automated approach: RL-based mid-training using large corpora of human-written question-answer data. Rather than treating reference solutions as targets to imitate, our method, ExpRL, uses them as reward scaffolds: references are hidden from the policy and used only to construct problem-specific grading rubrics for judging on-policy reasoning traces. The policy samples from the original problem prompt, while an LLM judge compares the sampled reasoning trace against the reference solution and assigns outcome-level or process-level dense rewards. This lets ExpRL reinforce partial progress, useful intermediate reductions, and productive reasoning behaviors that sparse final-answer rewards often fail to upweight. On challenging math reasoning tasks, ExpRL yields stronger RL priming than SFT, sparse-reward GRPO, and self-distillation, and provides a better initialization for subsequent sparse-reward RL. Additional mixed-domain experiments further suggest that ExpRL can extend beyond the original math-only setting.

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09.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2507.17786

Reinforcement Learning for Accelerated Aerodynamic Shape Optimisation

作者:

Florian Sobieczky↗Alfredo Lopez↗Erika Dudkin↗Christopher Lackner↗Matthias Hochsteger↗Bernhard Scheichl↗Helmut Sobieczky↗

arXiv:2507.17786v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce a reinforcement learning (RL) based adaptive optimization algorithm for aerodynamic shape optimization focused on dimensionality reduction. The form in which RL is applied here is that of a surrogate-based, actor-critic policy evaluation MCMC approach allowing for temporal 'freezing' of some of the parameters to be optimized. The goals are to minimize computational effort, and to use the observed optimization results for interpretation of the discovered extrema in terms of their role in achieving the desired flow-field. By a sequence of local optimized parameter changes around intermediate CFD simulations acting as ground truth, it is possible to speed up the global optimization if (a) the local neighbourhoods of the parameters in which the changed parameters must reside are sufficiently large to compete with the grid-sized steps and its large number of simulations, and (b) the estimates of the rewards and costs on these neighbourhoods necessary for a good step-wise parameter adaption are sufficiently accurate. We give an example of a simple fluid-dynamical problem on which the method allows interpretation in the sense of a feature importance scoring.

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10.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.18089

From Reasoning Traces to Reusable Modules: Understanding Compositional Generalization in Language Model Reasoning

作者:

Lingjing Kong↗Xin Liu↗Guangyi Chen↗Martin Q. Ma↗Xiangchen Song↗Yuekai Sun↗Mikhail Yurochkin↗Taylor W. Killian↗Ruslan Salakhutdinov↗Kun Zhang↗Eric P. Xing↗Zhengzhong Liu↗…

arXiv:2606.18089v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Post-training pipelines that combine supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with reinforcement learning (RL) have emerged as the key recipe for transforming large language models (LLMs) into robust reasoners. We argue that this combined success is driven by compositional generalization, which we formalize through a hierarchical latent selection model. In this framework, reasoning traces are generated by a cascade of discrete latent selection variables corresponding to reusable atomic modules, including both skills (local operations) and routing mechanisms (how intermediate information is selected, reused, and composed). Within this model, we theoretically show that SFT and RL play asymmetric, complementary roles: SFT supplies the raw module materials in compositional traces, and RL decomposes those traces to identify the latent atomic modules and enable compositional generalization. We design controlled experiments to validate this theory. Our results demonstrate that RL can extract atomic modules from compound traces supplied by SFT and recombine them to solve new configurations. Moreover, we find that training on compound traces yields stronger generalization than training on isolated atomic modules. Finally, we investigate the relationship between SFT and RL data and identify an effective protocol in which SFT ensures coverage of all atomic modules through compositional traces, while RL focuses on novel compositions outside the SFT support to drive exploration.

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11.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2511.08659

Introduction to Automated Negotiation

作者:

Dave de Jonge↗

arXiv:2511.08659v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This book is an introductory textbook targeted towards computer science students who are completely new to the topic of automated negotiation. It does not require any prerequisite knowledge, except for elementary mathematics and basic programming skills. This book comes with an simple toy-world negotiation framework implemented in Python that can be used by the readers to implement their own negotiation algorithms and perform experiments with them. This framework is small and simple enough that any reader who does not like to work in Python should be able to re-implement it very quickly in any other programming language of their choice.

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12.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17286

From Democracies to Autocracies: How AI Systems Enable Authoritarianism by Design

作者:

Jeba Sania↗Marta Ziosi↗Fazl Barez↗

arXiv:2606.17286v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI-enabled authoritarianism is not confined to autocracies. In this paper, we provide greater transparency by investigating and mapping the lifecycles of six AI systems deployed in different political regimes, ranging from the US to China. By drawing on an extensive range of sources (academic publications, investigative research reports, third-party evaluations, media interviews, government procurement notices), we conduct a systematic, qualitative comparison across systems to identify the critical technical and operational features that enable authoritarianism within their respective political contexts. We find that enabling features include the centralization and co-optation of administrative data for law enforcement and political punishment, regulatory gaps that fail to deter misuse, weak user compliance that nullifies human oversight mechanisms, and the encoding of protected group traits that identify members of vulnerable populations. We find that these features are present across systems deployed in autocratic and democratic regimes, albeit in varying configurations. We also find that both centralized and fragmented AI systems can contribute to authoritarianism by exploiting governance gaps: centralized systems directed by executive authorities, particularly within security and military institutions, are often not subjected to formal oversight mechanisms, while fragmented systems diffuse accountability between stakeholders, paving the way for entrenchment. These findings reveal that AI-enabled authoritarianism is distributed, resulting from design and operational choices made by developers, administrators, and users alike. We conclude with recommendations for developers and policymakers to mitigate these risks.

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13.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.10820

K-Forcing: Joint Next-K-Token Decoding via Push-Forward Language Modeling

作者:

Zhiwei Tang↗Yuanyu He↗Yizheng Han↗Wangbo Zhao↗Jiasheng Tang↗Fan Wang↗Bohan Zhuang↗

Autoregressive (AR) language modeling is the dominant paradigm for text generation, yet its sequential token-by-token decoding makes inference memory-bound and inefficient. Existing acceleration approaches, such as speculative decoding and diffusion language models, can yield speedups under certain conditions but do not directly address high-load batch serving–the scenario most critical for industrial-scale deployment. We introduce K-Forcing, a push-forward language modeling paradigm for joint next-k-token decoding. K-Forcing distills an existing AR model into a conditional push-forward mapping–one that transforms independent uniform noise variables into a joint sample of multiple future tokens in a single forward pass. This design preserves fixed-length outputs, reuses the AR teacher backbone, and remains compatible with standard AR serving infrastructure. We train this mapping via progressive self-forcing distillation, which gradually expands the prediction window while enabling the student to closely match the sequence distribution of the AR teacher. We evaluate K-Forcing on LM1B and OpenWebText using a standard causal Transformer backbone. When aggressively configured to generate k = 4 tokens per forward pass, K-Forcing delivers approximately 2.4-3.5x speedup across different batch sizes, while incurring modest quality degradation relative to its AR teacher. As inference increasingly dominates the lifetime compute cost of modern LLMs, K-Forcing offers a promising route toward accelerating AR generation under real-world high-load deployment.

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14.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.24938

Privacy-preserving federated tensor decomposition of single-cell immune data: recovering multicellular programs across institutions

作者:

Axel Faes↗Stephanie M. van den Berg↗Maryam Amir Haeri↗

arXiv:2606.24938v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Tensor decomposition of donor $\times$ cell-type $\times$ gene single-cell data recovers multicellular programs: coordinated axes of inter-individual transcriptional variation that span cell types and stratify disease. Yet immune single-cell atlases are increasingly multi-institution, multi-ancestry, and governed, so patient cells often cannot be pooled. We present a federated estimator: each site computes a local program subspace, and a coordinator merges these by stacked SVD under federated global-mean centering, provably equivalent (up to truncation) to the centralised decomposition. This centering makes the merge robust to site-label confounding (program AUC $0.957$ vs.\ $0.861$ for naive per-site centering). Only program subspaces leave a site, and aggregation is compatible with secure aggregation. On a 261-donor systemic lupus erythematosus atlas it recovers the canonical interferon program (ISG enrichment AUC $0.998$; case–control separation $0.958$; bootstrap $\DeltaAUC=-0.000$, 95\% CI $[-0.004,+0.012]$ vs.\ centralised), across institution-scale and multi-ancestry partitions, and across three real COVID-19 sites (subspace correlation $0.989$). It recovers the program when no site observes all cell types (correlation $1.000$, exact by construction), which fixed-feature federated PCA cannot. On an interstitial-lung-disease atlas the recovered program predicts disease better than the best single cell type (AUC $0.96$ vs.\ $0.91$; gap 95\% CI excludes zero) and the advantage survives federation; a liver cohort is consistent ($p=0.005$). Membership-inference shows secure aggregation cuts attack AUC from $0.91$ to $0.61$. The method enables cross-institution, cross-ancestry recovery of multicellular immune programs without sharing cells.

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15.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2603.02715

Correction scheme for molecular total energies from quantum phase estimation under limited qubit resources

作者:

Nobuki Inoue↗Hisao Nakamura↗

arXiv:2603.02715v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose a practical method for accurately evaluating molecular total energies using a hybrid approach that integrates fault-tolerant quantum computers with classical computing. Our scheme consists of two complementary components: quantum dominant orbital selection (QDOS) and subspace dynamical correlation (SDC). QDOS extracts only the essential active orbitals from the complete active space (CAS) configuration interaction (CI) state on a quantum computer, yielding a compact active space suitable for classical CASCI calculations. SDC then evaluates dynamical-correlation corrections for the CASCI energy using this compact state, which remains tractable on classical machines. To demonstrate that the CAS energy obtained on a quantum computer can be post-corrected by SDC, we examine two frameworks: multireference perturbation theory and tailored coupled-cluster theory. Our scheme enables effective treatment of relatively large molecular systems by combining limited quantum and classical resources.

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16.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2502.01015

Task Vector Bases: A Unified and Scalable Framework for Compressed Task Arithmetic

作者:

Siqi Zeng↗Yifei He↗Meitong Liu↗Weiqiu You↗Yifan Hao↗Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai↗Makoto Yamada↗Han Zhao↗

arXiv:2502.01015v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Task arithmetic, representing downstream tasks through linear operations on task vectors, has emerged as a simple yet powerful paradigm for transferring knowledge across diverse settings. However, maintaining a large collection of task vectors introduces scalability challenges in both storage and computation. We propose Task Vector Bases, a framework compressing $T$ task vectors into $M < T$ basis vectors while preserving the functionality of task arithmetic. By representing each task vector as a structured linear combination of basis atoms, our approach supports standard operations such as addition, negation, as well as more advanced arithmetic ones. The framework is orthogonal to other efficiency-oriented improvements in task arithmetic and can be used in combination with them. We provide theoretical analysis showing that basis compression retains addition generalization guarantees and enables principled unlearning, with error bounds depending on reconstruction quality. Empirically, our proposed basis construction methods consistently outperform heuristic basis construction baselines and, in some cases, even surpass the performance of full task vector collections across diverse downstream applications while reducing storage and computational requirements. The code is available at https://github.com/uiuctml/TaskVectorBasis.

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17.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.18558

MolmoMotion: Forecasting Point Trajectories in 3D with Language Instruction

作者:

Jianing Zhang↗Chenhao Zheng↗Yajun Yang↗Max Argus↗Rustin Soraki↗Winson Han↗Taira Anderson↗Chun-Liang Li↗Shuo Liu↗Jiafei Duan↗Zhongzheng Ren↗Jieyu Zhang↗…

Motion forecasting is central to visual intelligence: agents must anticipate how objects will move in order to plan actions, reason about physical interactions, and synthesize realistic futures. We argue that 3D points in world coordinates provide a general representation that is class-agnostic, view-stable, compact, and directly useful for downstream tasks. We formalize the task of goal-conditioned 3D point motion forecasting: given a short visual history, a set of 3D query points on an object of interest, and a language description of the intended goal, the model predicts the future 3D trajectory of each point. We introduce a full stack to study this task at scale: (1) MolmoMotion-1M is a large corpus of action-described, object-grounded 3D point trajectories annotated from 1.16M unconstrained videos; (2) PointMotionBench is a human-verified benchmark spanning 111 object categories and 61 motion types; and (3) MolmoMotion is a general motion forecasting model that supports both autoregressive coordinate prediction and flow-matching-based trajectory generation. MolmoMotion accurately predicts diverse motion patterns with different language instructions, and significantly outperforms existing motion prediction baselines on PointMotionBench. Finally, we show that the learned 3D motion prior transfers well to downstream applications: it improves training efficiency and generalization for robot manipulation, and its predicted trajectories provide effective motion guidance for generative models to synthesize videos with more realistic object motion.

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18.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2605.29796

SAAS: Self-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Over-Search Mitigation in Agentic Search

作者:

Yunbo Tang↗Chengyi Yang↗Shiyu Liu↗Zhishang Xiang↗Zerui Chen↗Qinggang Zhang↗Jinsong Su↗

Agentic search enables LLMs to solve complex multi-hop questions through iterative reasoning and external search. Despite the effectiveness, these systems often suffer from a critical limitation in practice: agents fail to recognize their own knowledge boundaries, blindly triggering searches when internal knowledge suffices and failing to terminate search even when adequate evidence has been collected. The lack of self-awareness leads to severe over-search, incurring substantial inference latency and prohibitive computational cost. To this end, we propose SAAS, a novel RL framework designed to cultivate dynamic self-awareness that precisely regulates search behavior without compromising accuracy. SAAS introduces three key components: (i) a search boundary modeling mechanism, which identifies the search boundary under the evolving policy by contrasting search-disabled and search-enabled rollouts; (ii) a boundary-aware reward module, which translates this boundary awareness into trajectory-level penalties, suppressing unnecessary and redundant searches; and (iii) a stage-wise optimization strategy, which leverages a sequential curriculum to prioritize reasoning over search regularization, thereby avoiding reward hacking. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SAAS substantially reduces over-search, while maintaining accuracy. Our code and implementation details are released at https://github.com/XMUDeepLIT/SAAS.

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19.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17978

MoCo-AIS: A Contrastive Learning Framework for Similarity Computation of Vessel Trajectories

作者:

Ruixin Song↗Md Mahbub Alam↗Zahra Sadeghi↗Amilcar Soares↗Jos\'e F. Rodrigues-Jr↗Gabriel Spadon↗

arXiv:2606.17978v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Trajectory similarity is a fundamental task in analyzing mobility patterns, essential for applications such as route pattern extraction, mobility prediction, and anomaly detection. Traditional distance-based measures for computing similarity incur high computational cost, driving the adoption of lightweight learning-based approaches. Supervised methods rely on extensive labels derived from traditional distance measures and often reproduce these metrics, which limits generalization. While self-supervised learning addresses this issue through contrastive learning, it lacks a unified framework, making it difficult to compare deep learning (DL) models for consistent trajectory representation. Accordingly, this paper presents MoCo-AIS, a unified framework for learning vessel trajectory embeddings based on the Momentum Contrast (MoCo) paradigm, which formulates similarity learning through positive and negative trajectory pairs. Within this framework, we evaluate a diverse set of leading DL models on large-scale, real-world vessel-tracking AIS datasets that capture diverse navigation behaviors and operating conditions. Results demonstrate that our framework significantly improves similarity learning over existing baselines, while providing a benchmarking platform for evaluating trajectory representation models.

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20.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.14380

FLaRA: Predicting Future Latent Representations for Accident Anticipation

作者:

Lorenzo Caselli↗Tomaso Trinci↗Tommaso Bianconcini↗Simone Magistri↗Leonardo Taccari↗Francesco Sambo↗Andrew D. Bagdanov↗

Anticipating traffic accidents from dashcam videos is a critical challenge in intelligent transportation systems. Existing methods typically map visual context directly to a collision probability without explicitly modeling the future evolution of the driving scene. In this paper we propose FLaRA (Predicting Future Latent Representations for Accident Anticipation), a novel predictive architecture that shifts this paradigm by forecasting future latent representations for accident anticipation. Building upon the Video Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture (V-JEPA2), our model conditions a predictor network on observed context frames to predict the forthcoming latent features of the scene. A classifier then operates on these predicted future representations rather than only on past observations. To ensure these forecasts remain grounded in realistic future dynamics, we introduce a joint training objective that simultaneously optimizes an auxiliary feature-level reconstruction loss and a cross-entropy classification loss. Extensive evaluations on the Nexar dataset, alongside cross-domain validations on the DAD, DADA-2000, and DoTA benchmarks, demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance while maintaining realistic early warning capabilities.

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21.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.13756

QIAS 2026: Overview of the Shared Task on Islamic Inheritance Reasoning

作者:

Abdessalam Bouchekif↗Somaya Eltanbouly↗Samer Rashwani↗Shahd Gaben↗Mutaz Al-Khatib↗Heba Sbahi↗Emad Mohamed↗Mohammed Ghaly↗

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the QIAS 2026 shared task, organized as part of the OSACT7 Workshop and co-located with LREC 2026. The shared task was designed to evaluate the ability of large language models to perform complex reasoning in the religious and legal domain of Islamic inheritance. Unlike conventional question-answering benchmarks, QIAS 2026 focuses on end-to-end reasoning from natural language cases, requiring systems to perform the full inheritance calculation process, from identifying the eligible heirs to assigning the correct share to each beneficiary. To support this evaluation, the task was based on the MAWARITH benchmark, a dataset of $12{,}500$ Arabic inheritance cases annotated with intermediate reasoning steps and final answers. System submissions were evaluated using MIR-E, a multi-step metric that measures performance across the main stages of inheritance reasoning. A total of $16$ teams participated in the shared task, investigating a range of approaches, including prompting-based methods, retrieval-augmented generation, and fine-tuning strategies. The results show that Islamic inheritance remains a highly challenging benchmark for current language models, especially in stages that require precise legal interpretation and structured numerical reasoning. This overview summarizes the task design, dataset, evaluation framework, participating systems, and main results.

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22.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.24890

Small edits, large models: How Wikipedia advocacy shapes LLM values

作者:

Jasmine Brazilek↗Maria Navas↗Alexa Gnauck↗

Can a small group of volunteers shape how AI systems discuss animal welfare, just by editing Wikipedia? We show that they can. Wikipedia appears in nearly every major language model training dataset and is weighted more heavily than web-crawled text. The Pro-Animal Wikipedians (PAW), a group of advocates who add sourced animal welfare content to relevant articles, have made 125 edits across 115 pages. Using gradient-based data attribution (Bergson; MAGIC), we traced how these edits influence language model behavior. TrackStar retrieval attribution on Llama 3.1 8B found that PAW-edited sections made up 68 percent of the highest-attributed documents for animal welfare queries (p < 0.0001) but only 52 percent for unrelated queries about the same companies (p = 0.53): the model links PAW content specifically to animal welfare topics, not to the entities in general. MAGIC counterfactual influence estimation on Llama-3.2-1B, run across five random training-order seeds, gave the same picture even more sharply: in every seed, the top-10 most influential documents on animal welfare queries were all PAW edits (10 of 10, 5 of 5 seeds), while on general queries the same top-10 sat at chance (4 to 6 of 10). Mean PAW influence exceeded mean control influence on animal welfare queries with p < 0.0001 in every seed, an effect 6 to 30 times larger than on general queries. Leave-subset-out validation gave Spearman rho = 1.00 for all 10 runs. When we fine-tuned separate models on PAW content versus control content, each model performed better specifically on the type of text it was trained on: the PAW-trained model cut perplexity on animal welfare text from 12.4 to 8.4, while the control-trained model cut perplexity on control text from 16.1 to 11.4. A small, coordinated Wikipedia editing campaign therefore measurably shapes how language models handle the topics those edits address.

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23.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.25509

ASSCG: Just-Right Gating over Chattering for Fast-Slow LLM Planning in Autonomous Driving

作者:

Sining Ang↗Yuan Chen↗Liu Haiyan↗Xuanyao Mao↗Jason Bao↗Xuliang↗Bingchuan Sun↗Yan Wang↗

Large language models (LLMs) can improve autonomous driving planning but are costly to query online, and existing fast-slow planners often rely on hand-designed triggering rules that either over-call the slow system or call it at the wrong times. We formulate slow-system invocation as a resource-aware sequential decision problem and propose the Adaptive Slow-System Control Gate (ASSCG), which makes frame-level Query/Cache/Drop decisions to refresh, reuse, or suppress slow guidance. ASSCG uses an RWKV backbone for efficient long-horizon gating and is trained with supervised fine-tuning followed by GRPO-style compute-aware reinforcement fine-tuning. We apply ASSCG to two different fast-slow architectures: (i) AsyncDriver on nuPlan Hard20 closed-loop evaluation, where ASSCG improves score to 67.28 (+2.28) while reducing average end-to-end inference latency by 60%; and (ii) a RecogDrive-based dual system that we build by replacing its original VLM-2B module with a lightweight ViT-based fast planner and adding an LLM slow planner, evaluated on NAVSIM, where ASSCG achieves 91.4 PDMS (+0.6) and increases average speed by 25%. The project page, including video visualizations and additional results, is available at https://williamxuanyu.github.io/asscg/.

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24.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.19468

Characterizing Narrative Content in Web-scale LLM Pretraining Data

作者:

Teagan Johnson↗Elliott Ash↗Andrew Piper↗Maria Antoniak↗

The narrative composition of web-scale LLM pretraining corpora remains largely unexplored even though narrative is a fundamental mode of human communication. We present the first fine-grained study of narrative features in Dolma, a 3-trillion-token open pretraining corpus. Drawing on narrative theory, we design a framework spanning three core narrative elements (agency, setting, and events) operationalized as 11 interpretable dimensions. After sampling and annotating a diverse set of 400 passages, we finetune and validate NarraBERT, a RoBERTa-based model for fine-grained narrative prediction. We apply NarraBERT to 3M passages, resulting in a new dataset, NarraDolma. We find (i) narrative structure is measurable at scale across extremely heterogeneous data, (ii) we uncover a continuous, multidimensional narrative structure underlying web text, and (iii) narrative qualities are unequally distributed across pretraining sources and topics in ways that current curation practices neither measure nor account for. Our framework, dataset, and analyses provide a foundation for understanding how narrative qualities are distributed in LLM pretraining data and for studying how data composition affects narrative reasoning tasks. We publicly release NarraDolma and NarraBERT.

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25.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2606.24765

Two-Electron Effects Extend High-Harmonic Generation into the keV Regime

作者:

Isobel McSweeney↗Andres Marchisio↗Javier Rivera-Dean↗Philipp Stammer↗Paraskevas Tzallas↗Marcelo F. Ciappina↗Maciej Lewenstein↗

arXiv:2606.24765v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Two-electron processes can generate high harmonics beyond the conventional single-active-electron cutoff. Motivated by recent experimental evidence of an extended secondary plateau in the helium high-harmonic spectrum [S. Wang et al, Optica, (2023); S. Wang et al, In Print in Nature Photon., (2026)], we present a two-electron generalisation of the strong-field approximation. We analyse the resulting expressions using the saddle-point method and determine the extended cutoff. We find good agreement with classical predictions of cutoff scalings of $4.7$ and $5.5$ times the ponderomotive energy, which significantly exceed the established single-electron scaling of 3.17. We calculate high-harmonic spectra generated via a two-electron process in helium atoms driven by an intense few-cycle infrared laser pulse. Our results demonstrate that the harmonic spectrum extends far beyond the water window, reaching photon energies up to $\approx 1.2\,\mathrm{keV}$ in the soft x-ray region. The large spectral bandwidth can support the generation of sub-attosecond soft x-ray pulses, which are of particular interest for probing ultrafast dynamics across matter, including applications in core-level spectroscopy and biological imaging.

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