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01.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2606.23853

The Measurable Majority

作者:

Lawrence S. Moss↗Arthur Paul Pedersen↗

arXiv:2606.23853v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper studies strict majority reasoning in finite electorates using so-called $social decision frames$: finite sets of voters equipped with distinguished families of coalitions interpreted as those voting blocs evaluated to form a strict majority. A coherence criterion for qualitative majority judgments is identified and shown to give an exact characterization for representability of strict majorities by finitely additive measures. In addition, a minimal natural logic for reasoning about strict majorities is shown to be sound and complete. These developments motivate examination of associated combinatorial questions concerning incoherence in finite families of sets; partial results and a conjecture are given. Finally, the results of this paper are applied to correct a classical representation theorem for weak qualitative probability structures due to Patrick Suppes and to establish a May-type characterization for ordinary strict majority rule for social decision frames.

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02.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.18857

Investigating Inductive Biases for Machine Learning Emulation of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in Idealised Isca Simulations

作者:

Oskar Bohn Lassen↗Simon Driscoll↗Stephen I. Thomson↗Sebastian Schemm↗Francisco C. Pereira↗

arXiv:2606.18857v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Machine-learning emulators are increasingly used for weather prediction and have the potential to extend skill on subseasonal-to-seasonal timescales by learning dynamically important sources of predictability. A key challenge is whether the models can exploit predictability anchors, such as stratospheric variability, that influence tropospheric circulation beyond short lead times. We test how architectural inductive bias affects emulation of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) dynamics using paired idealised Isca simulations that differ only in an imposed wave-2 heating perturbation. Across convolutional, transformer, and graph-based architectures trained for one-step prediction, model differences are modest when the stratosphere is dynamically quiet but widen substantially when SSW-like variability is active. Our results identify explicit three-dimensional vertical coupling as a key inductive bias for machine-learning emulation of stratospheric dynamics. However, Eliassen-Palm flux diagnostics show that low forecast error does not guarantee physically faithful wave-mean-flow interaction, with coherent errors remaining in stratospheric wave-driving structure.

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03.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2606.13649

Operadic consistency: a label-free signal for compositional reasoning failures in LLMs

作者:

Nathaniel Bottman↗Yinhong Liu↗Kyle Richardson↗

Detecting LLM reasoning failures at inference time without ground-truth labels has motivated a wide range of confidence baselines, including self-consistency, semantic entropy, and P(True), built on within-question sampling and self-evaluation. Operad theory, the formalism for systems built by iterated substitution, suggests a complementary diagnostic: a model's direct answer to a compositional query should agree with the answer it produces by composing a stated decomposition of the same query. We instantiate this idea as operadic consistency (OC), a per-question signal. Across twelve instruction-tuned LLMs (4B to 671B parameters, open-weights and closed-source) on four multi-hop QA datasets, OC is strongly correlated with accuracy on every dataset (Pearson $r \in [0.86, 0.94]$, all $p \leq 0.0004$), and is the only signal we evaluate with $r \geq 0.85$ uniformly across all four datasets. Chain-of-thought self-consistency (CoT-SC; Wang et al., 2023) matches OC on HotpotQA and DROP ($r = 0.93, 0.87$) but drops to $r \approx 0.45$ on MuSiQue and StrategyQA. At the per-question level, OC contributes information beyond CoT-SC and semantic entropy on every dataset (cluster-robust $p \leq 10^{-16}$ for the OC coefficient), and the conclusion is robust to additionally controlling for constructed decomposition-aware baselines ($p \leq 10^{-13}$). The same signal yields selective-prediction improvements (accuracy at fixed coverage) over a tuned CoT-SC baseline at the equal-cost $K = 3$ budget (AUARC lifts of +0.086 to +0.096 and AUROC lifts of +0.092 to +0.164; 95% CIs exclude zero on every cell). On five frontier thinking models, where the decomposition is extracted from the model's own chain of thought, the same equal-cost comparison gives positive selective-prediction point-estimate lift on all 16 (dataset, budget, metric) cells tested, with 95% CIs excluding zero on 12 of the 16.

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04.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15922

A Gauge-Covariant Geometric Framework for Non-Hermitian Quantum Systems

作者:

Gargi Das↗Sudhanshu Shekhar↗Bhabani Prasad Mandal↗

arXiv:2606.15922v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We develop a comprehensive, gauge-covariant geometric framework for non-Hermitian quantum systems in the quasi-Hermitian regime, that is, the region of parameter space where the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian admits a real spectrum and a positive-definite metric operator. We build this framework by elevating the Dyson map to a central geometric object. This map is the transformation that converts a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian into an equivalent Hermitian one. From it we construct the Dyson connection and decompose it into Hermitian and anti-Hermitian parts, identified respectively as {\it stretching } and {\it rotation } components. This decomposition cleanly separates the genuine physical metric deformations from the unitary gauge redundancies. Working with manifestly gauge-covariant states, we then derive the complex non-Hermitian Berry phase and the quantum geometric tensor (QGT), and show that the non-Hermitian geometric curvature originates from the non-commutativity of the stretching components at the operator level. We further analyse the geometric singularities near an exceptional point (EP) and uncover a distinct hierarchy of divergences. For a general two-level non-Hermitian model, the quantum metric tensor (QMT) exhibits a leading-order divergence $\sim |\epsilon_\mu|^{-2}$, while the Berry curvature shows a weaker, subleading divergence $\sim |\epsilon_\mu|^{-3/2}$, with $\epsilon_\mu$ denoting the parameter displacement from the EP along an individual parameter axis $\mu$. Finally, we examine physical realizations of this model, including the non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) and Hatano–Nelson (HN) models, where exact analytical results confirm the predicted critical scaling laws and illustrate the metric-deformation-driven non-Hermitian geometries.

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05.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2509.21398

Skeleton Sparsification and Densification Scale-Spaces

作者:

Julia Gierke↗Pascal Peter↗

The Hamilton-Jacobi skeleton, also known as the medial axis, is a powerful shape descriptor that represents binary objects in terms of the centres of maximal inscribed discs. Despite its broad applicability, the medial axis suffers from sensitivity to noise: Minor boundary variations can lead to disproportionately large and undesirable expansions of the skeleton. Classical pruning methods mitigate this shortcoming by systematically removing extraneous skeletal branches. This sequential simplification of skeletons resembles the principle of sparsification scale-spaces that embed images into a family of reconstructions from increasingly sparse pixel representations. We combine both worlds by introducing skeletonisation scale-spaces: They leverage sparsification of the medial axis to achieve hierarchical simplification of shapes. Unlike conventional pruning, our framework inherently satisfies key scale-space properties such as hierarchical architecture, controllable simplification, and equivariance to geometric transformations. We provide a rigorous theoretical foundation in both continuous and discrete formulations and extend the concept further with densification. By growing the skeleton successively instead of shrinking it, we allow inverse progression from coarse to fine scales. Densification scale-spaces can even reach beyond the original skeleton to produce overcomplete shape representations with relevancy for practical applications. Through proof-of-concept experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework for practical tasks including robust skeletonisation, shape compression, and stiffness enhancement for additive manufacturing.

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06.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2508.01656

Authorship Attribution in Multilingual Machine-Generated Texts

作者:

Lucio La Cava↗Dominik Macko↗R\'obert M\'oro↗Ivan Srba↗Andrea Tagarelli↗

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have reached human-like fluency and coherence, distinguishing machine-generated text (MGT) from human-written content becomes increasingly difficult. While early efforts in MGT detection have focused on binary classification, the growing landscape and diversity of LLMs require a more fine-grained yet challenging authorship attribution (AA), i.e., being able to identify the precise generator (LLM or human) behind a text. However, AA remains nowadays confined to a monolingual setting, with English being the most investigated one, overlooking the multilingual nature and usage of modern LLMs. In this work, we introduce the problem of Multilingual Authorship Attribution, which involves attributing texts to human or multiple LLM generators across diverse languages. Focusing on 18 languages – covering multiple families and writing scripts – and 8 generators (7 LLMs and the human-authored class), we investigate the multilingual suitability of monolingual AA methods in terms of their cross-lingual transferability, and the impact of generators on attribution performance. Our results reveal that while certain monolingual AA methods can be adapted to multilingual settings, significant limitations and challenges remain, particularly in transferring across diverse language families, underscoring the complexity of multilingual AA and the need for more robust approaches to better match real-world scenarios.

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07.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15234

Surrogate-Assisted Framework for SI-Compliant Interconnect Design Optimization Using the Earth Mover's Distance

作者:

Emre Ecik↗Werner John↗Julian With\"oft↗Ralf Br\"uning↗J\"urgen G\"otze↗

arXiv:2606.15234v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This work presents a deterministic, machine-assisted framework for SI-compliant PCB design based on the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD). In contrast to conventional surrogate-based optimization methods that rely on iterative black-box search procedures, the proposed approach follows an interpretable, sequential evaluation strategy. Neural surrogate models are first used to efficiently predict waveform describing features from topology-dependent design parameters. A decision tree then acts as a physically motivated quality gate that identifies SI-compliant waveforms according to predefined SI criteria. Within the resulting valid solution space, the Earth Mover's Distance is employed as a similarity metric to rank candidate designs according to their proximity to an ideal reference signal. This enables not only the deterministic identification of admissible parameter regions but also a transparent prioritization of physically superior solutions without inverse modeling or stochastic search procedures. The methodology is demonstrated using a large-scale set of simulated DDR3 fly-by waveforms. By combining surrogate prediction, interpretable classification, and EMD-based waveform evaluation, the framework provides an explainable and computationally efficient alternative to conventional optimization strategies for supporting PCB development with AI-based methods.

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08.

medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-20 DOI: HASH:7f3c9537ec4645216595bc52a1e9dcd2

EpiLink: a simulation-based compatibility model for genomic transmission clustering in infectious disease surveillance

作者:

Arthur↗Banks↗C. J↗Kao↗R. R↗

Identifying recently linked infections from pathogen genome sequences is central to infectious disease surveillance, yet many clustering approaches rely on fixed genetic distance thresholds whose relationship to transmission is often unclear. This limitation is especially important in rapidly growing outbreaks and superspreading events, where many cases may be sampled close together in time and share little genetic variation, making true transmission links difficult to distinguish from other closely related infections. Supervised models can improve discrimination, but they require labelled transmission data that are rarely available during outbreak response. We developed EpiLink, a threshold-free method that estimates whether two cases are compatible with recent transmission. Here, compatibility means how well the observed genetic distance and sampling-time difference between two cases fit what would be expected if they were linked by defined recent transmission scenarios. EpiLink simulates plausible recent transmission histories while accounting for uncertainty in infection timing, testing delay, and mutation accumulation, then assigns higher scores to pairs whose observed differences are typical of those simulations. EpiLink was evaluated using both synthetic and empirical SARS-CoV-2 outbreak data from the 2020 Boston epidemic. Two EpiLink variants were compared to a logistic regression model trained on labelled transmission data. One EpiLink variant assumed deterministic mutation accumulation, with genetic differences proportional to elapsed evolutionary time; the other accounted for stochasticity by sampling mutation counts from a Poisson distribution. The logistic regression model performed better at distinguishing linked from unlinked pairs, but EpiLink achieved comparable clustering accuracy. In the Boston data, EpiLink recovered clusters enriched for documented conference and skilled nursing facility outbreaks. EpiLink thus provides an interpretable, simulation-based approach for identifying recent transmission clusters when fixed thresholds are difficult to justify and labelled transmission data are unavailable.

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09.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2606.24543

Reasoning as Attractor Dynamics: Latent Memory Retrieval via Gibbs-Weighted Energy Minimization

作者:

Kanishk Awadhiya↗

arXiv:2606.24543v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are traditionally viewed as autoregressive generators. However, from the perspective of collective computation, they function as high-dimensional Dense Associative Memories that store complex reasoning patterns as latent attractors. In this work, we investigate the energy landscape of mathematical reasoning. We posit that correct reasoning chains correspond to deep, wide attractor basins ("flat minima") in the model's output distribution, whereas hallucinations manifest as sharp, unstable local minima. To exploit this geometry, we introduce a retrieval mechanism based on a Gibbs measure of the trajectory's spectral entropy. By sampling multiple reasoning paths and weighting them by their inverse energy ($P \propto e^{-\beta E}$), we approximate the equilibrium distribution of the associative memory, effectively ``relaxing'' the system into a robust solution. Empirically, this physics-inspired mechanism improves Microsoft Phi-3.5 performance on GSM8K by 5.38\% (84.7\% $\to$ 90.1\%), demonstrating that inference is better modeled as a dynamic settling process into an attractor basin rather than greedy next-token prediction.

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10.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2602.07840

SAGE: Scalable AI Governance & Evaluation

作者:

Benjamin Le↗Xueying Lu↗Nick Stern↗Wenqiong Liu↗Igor Lapchuk↗Xiang Li↗Baofen Zheng↗Kevin Rosenberg↗Jiewen Huang↗Zhe Zhang↗Abraham Cabangbang↗Satej Milind Wagle↗…

arXiv:2602.07840v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Evaluating relevance in large-scale search systems is fundamentally constrained by the governance gap between nuanced, resource-constrained human oversight and the high-throughput requirements of production systems. While traditional approaches rely on engagement proxies or sparse manual review, these methods often fail to capture the full scope of high-impact relevance failures. We present SAGE (Scalable AI Governance \& Evaluation), a framework that operationalizes high-quality human product judgment as a scalable evaluation signal. At the core of SAGE is a bidirectional calibration loop where natural-language Policy, curated Precedent, and an LLM Surrogate Judge co-evolve. SAGE systematically resolves semantic ambiguities and misalignments, transforming subjective relevance judgment into an executable, multi-dimensional rubric with near human-level agreement. To bridge the gap between frontier model reasoning and industrial-scale inference, we apply teacher-student distillation to transfer high-fidelity judgments into compact student surrogates at 92$\times$ lower cost. Deployed within LinkedIn Search ecosystems, SAGE guided model iteration through simulation-driven development, distilling policy-aligned models for online serving and enabling rapid offline evaluation. In production, it powered policy oversight that measured ramped model variants and detected regressions invisible to engagement metrics. Collectively, these drove a 0.25\% lift in LinkedIn daily active users.

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11.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2604.04089

From Paper to Program: Knowledge Externalization for AI-Assisted Quantum Many-Body Code Generation

作者:

Yi Zhou↗

arXiv:2604.04089v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models can write scientific code, but direct paper-to-program translation remains fragile when correctness depends on tacit conventions in the literature. We identify this bottleneck as knowledge externalization: converting implicit computational assumptions – index conventions, gauge choices, fermionic signs, contraction order, and memory constraints – into an explicit technical specification before implementation. We evaluate a multi-stage, human-in-the-loop workflow that inserts such a specification, with validation and stop gates, between theory extraction and code generation. The workflow is tested on two algorithmically distinct quantum many-body tasks: variational sweep-based Density-Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) from a pedagogical review and constructive Pfaffian conversion of Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov states to matrix product states from the five-page Letter by Jin et al., Phys. Rev. B 105, L081101 (2022), for which no public code is available. For DMRG, all 16 specification-guided model pairings in a $4\times4$ grid satisfy physics-validation criteria, compared with 6/13 direct attempts. A prose-specification ablation indicates that externalized content, not \LaTeX{} formatting, is the essential ingredient. For Pfaffian-MPS, the workflow succeeds in 11/26 archived attempts, whereas direct prompting yields zero audited passes. Cross-specification transfer is asymmetric: non-GPT specifications implemented by GPT~5.5 pass 4/4, while GPT~5.5 specifications implemented by weaker models fail 4/4, indicating a residual implementation-model bottleneck. The resulting Paper-to-Program Many-Body skill provides an auditable protocol for AI-assisted implementation of many-body algorithms and for diagnosing where externalization succeeds or fails.

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12.

medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-12 DOI: HASH:31cd31d1966b33c759bae528f06cf85a

Reduced nighttime smartphone use among cohabiting partners: a longitudinal study under the lens of social control of health behaviors theory

作者:

Klasson↗T. A↗Rod↗N. H↗Zucco↗A. G↗

Objective: We examined the link between cohabitation with a partner and nighttime smartphone use through the social control of health behavior theory. Background: Nighttime smartphone use is a behavioral risk factor for sleep problems. While previous research has predominantly focused on individual-level risks of sleep disturbances, the role of social context remains underexplored. Theoretical frameworks, specifically the Social Control of Health Behavior, suggest that social relationships regulate health-related behaviors; however, it is unclear how far this regulation extends to modern digital behaviors among couples. Method: We analyzed survey data from three waves of the SmartSleep Study (2018, 2020, and 2023; total N = 25,028), including a longitudinal follow-up subset (N = 1,003). We tested multivariate associations between living with a partner, changes in cohabitation status and frequent nighttime smartphone use by fitting generalized linear mixed-effects models. Additionally, we mapped the complex interplay between indicators of social integration, social support, smartphone use, and sleep quality using hierarchical clustering of non-linear correlations. Results: Cohabiting participants had lower odds of frequent nighttime smartphone use compared to those living alone (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.72). This lower risk was driven primarily by cohabitation with a partner (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.66). Longitudinal analysis supported these findings, showing that sustained cohabitation was associated with less frequent nighttime use (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.82). Clustering analysis revealed that indicators of social integration and support clustered with favorable sleep quality. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the health-protective effects of cohabitation with a partner extend to digital behaviors. Consistent with social control of health behavior theory, the presence of a partner appears to reduce frequent nighttime smartphone use, highlighting the critical importance of considering social context when addressing digital health hygiene and promoting sleep.

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13.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2602.04037

DADP: Domain Adaptive Diffusion Policy

作者:

Pengcheng Wang↗Qinghang Liu↗Haotian Lin↗Yiheng Li↗Guojian Zhan↗Masayoshi Tomizuka↗Yixiao Wang↗

arXiv:2602.04037v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Learning domain adaptive policies that can generalize to unseen transition dynamics, remains a fundamental challenge in learning-based control. Substantial progress has been made through domain representation learning to capture domain-specific information, thus enabling domain-aware decision making. We analyze the process of learning domain representations through dynamical prediction and find that selecting contexts adjacent to the current step causes the learned representations to entangle static domain information with varying dynamical properties. Such mixture can confuse the conditioned policy, thereby constraining zero-shot adaptation. To tackle the challenge, we propose DADP (Domain Adaptive Diffusion Policy), which achieves robust adaptation through unsupervised disentanglement and domain-aware diffusion injection. First, we introduce Lagged Context Dynamical Prediction, a strategy that conditions future state estimation on a historical offset context; by increasing this temporal gap, we unsupervisedly disentangle static domain representations by filtering out transient properties. Second, we integrate the learned domain representations directly into the generative process by biasing the prior distribution and reformulating the diffusion target. Extensive experiments on challenging benchmarks across locomotion and manipulation demonstrate the superior performance, and the generalizability of DADP over prior methods. More visualization results are available on the https://outsider86.github.io/DomainAdaptiveDiffusionPolicy/.

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14.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.17040

R2RDreamer: 3D-aware Data Augmentation for Spatially-generalized 2D Manipulation Policies

作者:

Xiuwei Xu↗Haowen Sun↗Angyuan Ma↗Yiwei Zhang↗Zhenyu Wu↗Xiaofeng Wang↗Bingyao Yu↗Zheng Zhu↗Jie Zhou↗Jiwen Lu↗

Spatial generalization is critical for imitation-learned manipulation policies, but achieving it typically requires scaling demonstrations across diverse object poses, robot configurations, and camera viewpoints. Data augmentation from a few source demonstrations offers a practical alternative to costly real-world collection. Simulation-based augmentation can create controllable variation, but requires complex environment and object setup and may introduce a sim-to-real gap. Recent real-to-real methods avoid these issues by jointly editing 3D observations and action trajectories from real demonstrations, yet they still rely on strong 3D scene parsing and geometry completion, and often produce observations tailored to 3D pointcloud policies rather than RGB-based 2D policies. We propose R2RDreamer, a real-to-real demonstration augmentation framework that preserves the geometric consistency of 3D action-observation editing while moving visual completion to 2D video space. Specifically, R2RDreamer first performs lightweight 3D augmentation by editing incomplete object pointclouds and end-effector trajectories in a shared 3D frame; it then projects the edited scene into masked image-space control videos with occlusion-aware reasoning and uses a dense-control image-to-video model to complete temporally coherent RGB observations. Experiments on spatially shifted manipulation tasks with both 2D diffusion-style policies and vision-language-action policies show that R2RDreamer improves spatial generalization from limited source demonstrations, with analyses validating the contributions of 3D editing, occlusion-aware projection, and video completion.

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15.

arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2601.06850

Explosion and non-explosion in pure birth Crump–Mode–Jagers branching processes

作者:

Oleksii Galganov↗Andrii Ilienko↗

arXiv:2601.06850v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In this short note, we provide an explicit sufficient condition for non-explosion of Crump–Mode–Jagers branching processes with pure birth reproduction. It shows that the standard sufficient condition for explosion, namely the convergence of the series of reciprocals of the birth rates, is – at least for rate sequences without excessive oscillations – remarkably close to being necessary. At the same time, it is not necessary in full generality: we construct a counterexample which also yields a general preferential attachment tree without fitness with an infinite path and no vertices of infinite degree, thereby answering an open question previously raised in the literature.

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16.

bioRxiv (Bioinfo) 2026-06-16 DOI: HASH:c29aeb01426a8585297d230583894f4c

THEOBROMA: an aggregated open database of 1.13 million natural products with per-compound license auditing, three-tier classification, and stereochemistry-aware deduplication

作者:

Klamt↗Jaczkowski↗Franke↗Nejdl↗

Natural products remain one of the most productive sources of pharmacologically active compounds for drug discovery, yet the current open aggregator landscape attributes licenses at database rather than compound granularity, with consequences that have become tangible as the field grows. A recent relicensing event in one constituent source (the September 2024 transition of the Natural Products Atlas to CC BY-NC 4.0) demonstrates how database-level licensing propagates across an aggregate and motivates the per-compound audit framework presented here. The same peer cohort separately leaves classification provenance and stereoisomer-family relations coarser than either layer warrants. THEOBROMA, accessible at url{https://theobroma.l3s.uni-hannover.de}, integrates 1{,}133{,}004 natural products from 29 open sources under a per-compound license audit that resolves each compound's license tier across all attesting sources under a most-restrictive-wins rule, identifying 900{,}170 compounds (79.4%) under open-use licenses and exposing the per-source attestation chain and resolved tier through a dedicated audit endpoint and a query-time license filter. A three-tier classification stratifies 89.3% coverage into 35.1% curated, 43.9% high-confidence inferred, and 10.3% exploratory tiers, with 486{,}215 stereoisomer families preserved by full 27-character InChIKey deduplication and exposed via a dedicated texttt{/api/stereoisomers/} endpoint and a radial-family display. Per-compound license provenance is the primary differentiator. Classification stratification and stereoisomer-family exposure add finer-grained access to two related axes, supporting license-compatible virtual screening and isomer-specific bioactivity analysis at corpus scale. As an evolving open resource, THEOBROMA pairs continuous pipeline maintenance with interactive geographic, taxonomic, and chemical-space exploration.

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17.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2603.27049

Overcoming the Incentive Collapse Paradox

作者:

Qichuan Yin↗Ziwei Su↗Shuangning Li↗

arXiv:2603.27049v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: AI-assisted task delegation is increasingly common, yet human effort in such systems is costly and typically unobserved. Recent work by Bastani and Cachon (2025); Sambasivan et al. (2021) shows that accuracy-based payment schemes suffer from incentive collapse: as AI accuracy improves, sustaining positive human effort requires unbounded payments. We study this phenomenon in a budget-constrained principal-agent framework with strategic human agents whose output accuracy depends on unobserved effort. Our first contribution is a general impossibility result showing that incentive collapse is not merely a limitation of simple linear payments, but arises for any payment rule based only on observed task accuracy.To overcome this barrier, we propose a sentinel-auditing payment mechanism that enforces a strictly positive and controllable level of human effort at finite cost, independent of AI accuracy. Building on this incentive-robust foundation, we develop an incentive-aware active statistical inference framework that jointly optimizes (i) the auditing rate and (ii) active sampling and budget allocation across tasks of varying difficulty to minimize the final statistical loss under a single budget. Experiments demonstrate improved cost-error tradeoffs relative to standard active learning and auditing-only baselines.

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18.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.08011

Rewrite to Translate, Translate to Reward: Reinforcement Learning for Source Rewriting in Machine Translation

作者:

Boxuan Lyu↗Haiyue Song↗Zhi Qu↗Hidetaka Kamigaito↗Kotaro Funakoshi↗Manabu Okumura↗

Rewriting source text with large language models (LLMs) before translation has been shown to improve machine translation (MT) quality. However, we find that prompt-based rewriting can degrade translation quality rather than improve it, particularly when smaller LLMs, such as 4B-parameter models, are used. We argue that this limitation stems from the difficulty of controlling rewriting behavior through natural-language prompts alone: a rewrite is useful only if it improves downstream translation, yet existing prompt-based methods do not explicitly optimize for this signal. To address this issue, we propose RLSR (Reinforcement Learning for Source Rewriting), a reinforcement learning framework that trains the rewriting model with a reward based on the downstream translation-quality improvement produced by each rewrite. Experiments across six MT systems and 16 language pairs show that our 4B RLSR-trained rewriting models significantly outperform both the no-rewriting baseline and prompt-based rewriting baselines at the same model scale, while remaining competitive with baselines that use a 235B LLM.

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19.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.16579

On the Entropy Formula for Real, Complex, and Quaternionic Deep Linear Networks

作者:

Luis Contreras↗Marco Nahas↗Tejas Kotwal↗

arXiv:2606.16579v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We extend the entropy formula of Menon and Yu for the real Deep Linear Network (DLN) to its complex and quaternionic analogues, obtaining a unified formula for DLNs over $\mathbb{R}$, $\mathbb{C}$, and $\mathbb{H}$.

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20.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2507.13563

Balalaika: Data-Centric, Prosody-Aware Annotation Pipeline for Russian Speech

作者:

Kirill Borodin↗Nikita Vasiliev↗Vasiliy Kudryavtsev↗Maxim Maslov↗Mikhail Gorodnichev↗Grach Mkrtchian↗

We introduce Balalaika, an open-source, data-centric pipeline for processing audio and producing prosody-aware annotations. It combines semantic VAD for context-preserving segmentation, multi-ASR ensembling with ROVER consensus decoding, while retaining optional word-level timestamps, followed by automatic quality and speaker-purity filtering. The text is further enriched with punctuation restoration, lexical stress and "\textipa{e}/\textipa{\H{e}}" normalization, and IPA phonemes. Using Balalaika, we build a 5.1k-hour multi-source Russian corpus with rich annotations, and show consistent gains under equalized training budgets for both speech denoising and TTS; ablations confirm complementary benefits of stress and punctuation and improved synthesis with stricter MOS filtering. The datasets are publicly available at \href{https://huggingface.co/collections/lab260/balalaika-dataset}{\underline{HuggingFace}}

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21.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2606.13604

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning from Delayed Marketplace Feedback for Objective-Weight Adaptation in Three-Sided Dispatch

作者:

Haochen Wu↗Yi Hou↗Shiguang Xie↗

arXiv:2606.13604v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dispatch in three-sided marketplaces provides a natural setting for reinforcement learning from world feedback: decisions are evaluated by delayed operational outcomes such as delivery speed, courier utilization, and merchant congestion. We present a deployed reinforcement learning system at DoorDash that adapts dispatch objective weights in a large-scale food-delivery marketplace using delayed signals. Rather than replacing the combinatorial assignment optimizer, a store-level policy learned from logged marketplace data selects a discrete multiplier that shifts the dispatch optimizer's tradeoff between delivery quality and batching efficiency. This interface enables offline policy learning under noisy, delayed, and coupled feedback while preserving production feasibility constraints and operational safeguards. We train a shared value function using centralized offline data and decentralized store-level execution, with Double Q-learning targets and a conservative regularizer to reduce out-of-distribution value overestimation. In a production switchback experiment, the offline-trained policy increases batching and reduces courier-side time costs without degrading customer-facing delivery quality. Results illustrate how world feedback from a live economic and logistics system can be used to safely adapt decision policies online.

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22.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.13977

Creative Integration: A Decidable Criterion of Creativity

作者:

Yoshinori Nomura↗

"Integrative" solutions are widely praised but rarely defined: we lack an operational way to tell a genuine integration – one that makes the world cheaper to describe – from a tidy re-description. Building on the lineage that treats creativity and intelligence as compression, we give such a criterion for creative integration (CI): the resolution of a real conflict between A and B is CI if and only if, under a fixed description language, the description length strictly shrinks (C = L_pre/L_post > 1), with the reduction located in the conflict itself. We make the judgment decidable through four binary, conjunctive gates, and we fix its extension through a taxonomy of pseudo-integration that names and rejects the look-alikes. We back the criterion with a curated, multi-domain corpus and – crucially – validate it not by human inter-rater agreement but by four falsifiable tests it could fail: an independent computational check, discrimination against hard negatives, out-of-sample prediction, and description-language robustness; all pass with margin. The contribution is not "creativity is compression" but its decidability, discrimination, and corpus: on this account, what makes a move genuinely creative – rather than merely novel – is that it compresses a conflict, with novelty and value as downstream symptoms; whether all creativity is so constituted we state as an explicit conjecture. We claim only the sign of C-1; we judge, not generate. The result is a citable primitive for a broader program.

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23.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2602.11557

The Implicit Bias of Steepest Descent with Mini-batch Stochastic Gradient

作者:

Jichu Li↗Xuan Tang↗Difan Zou↗

arXiv:2602.11557v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A variety of widely used optimization methods like SignSGD and Muon can be interpreted as instances of steepest descent under different norm-induced geometries. In this work, we study the implicit bias of mini-batch stochastic steepest descent in multi-class classification, characterizing how batch size, momentum, and variance reduction shape the limiting max-margin behavior and convergence rates under general entry-wise and Schatten-$p$ norms. We show that, without momentum, worst-case convergence and successful classification can only be guaranteed with full-batch gradient. In contrast, momentum enables small-batch convergence to an approximate max-margin solution through a batch-momentum trade-off, though it slows convergence. This approach provides fully explicit, dimension-free rates that improve upon prior results. Moreover, we prove that variance reduction can recover the exact full-batch implicit bias for any batch size, albeit at a slower convergence rate. Finally, we further investigate the batch-size-one steepest descent without momentum, and reveal its convergence to a fundamentally different bias via a concrete data example, which reveals a key limitation of purely stochastic updates. Overall, our unified analysis clarifies when stochastic optimization aligns with full-batch behavior, and paves the way for perform deeper explorations of the training behavior of stochastic gradient steepest descent algorithms.

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24.

medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-17 DOI: HASH:779ce77e39808ec02aa1cebb1463625e

Identifying anaphylaxis using weakly-supervised prediction models and natural language processing

作者:

Williamson↗B. D↗Cronkite↗D. J↗Yu↗Ramaprasan↗Fuller↗Covey↗Kiniry↗Park↗Winter↗Whitaker↗…

Objectives Scalable computable phenotyping algorithms are critical for conducting high-throughput disease-outcome research in large, distributed-data electronic health record (EHR) and claims data settings. We developed and evaluated a claims- and EHR-based computable phenotyping algorithm for anaphylaxis, a rare acute condition that is challenging to accurately identify using claims data alone. Materials and Methods Potential anaphylaxis events came from two healthcare systems (Kaiser Permanente Washington [KPWA] and Vanderbilt University Medical Center [VUMC]). We engineered features from clinical text using automated natural language processing (NLP) methods. We then developed a phenotyping algorithm using four NLP- and diagnosis code-based silver labels (proxies for the gold-standard labels). Gold-standard abstracted outcomes were used to evaluate algorithm performance. Results The largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.931 for an NLP-based silver-label model at KPWA. Depending on the model and healthcare system site, positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity at the threshold of predicted probability that maximized F1 score ranged from 0.52 to 0.77 (PPV) and 0.78 to 1 (sensitivity). Discussion NLP-based silver-label models had large AUC at KPWA but not at VUMC. This may be because clinical text at KPWA is only available for outpatient encounters and secure messaging. High sensitivity for identifying anaphylaxis can be obtained using our best-performing models. Conclusion The best-performing models had better PPV and sensitivity tradeoffs than prior bespoke anaphylaxis models with costly, manually curated features. The simplicity of the approach compared to traditional phenotyping methods allows it to be deployed easily at multiple health care systems.

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25.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.19791

Cross-Dataset, Age, and Gender Generalization: A Comprehensive Analysis of Fine-Tuning Strategies for Low-Resource Children's ASR

作者:

Paban Sapkota↗Hemant Kumar Kathania↗Mikko Kurimo↗Sudarsana Reddy Kadiri↗Shrikanth Narayanan↗

arXiv:2606.19791v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The challenge associated with recognizing dysarthric speech primarily arises from pronounced acoustic variability attributed to impaired articulatory precision. Past research has demonstrated improved recognition through the use of hybrid DNN/HMM sequence discriminative training. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of various combinations of acoustic features tailored to different Acoustic Models, offering suitable feature selections for each. The incorporation of Pitch features notably improved recognition performance, especially for sentence recognition tasks involving dysarthric speech. Through a systematic examination of the TORGO database, we have demonstrated the potential to enhance the performance of the state-of-the-art Factorized Time Delay Neural Network (F-TDNN) model for recognizing dysarthric speech. Our methods, implemented with the F-TDNN model, resulted in a 4.65\% relative improvement in isolated word recognition and a 4.63\% relative improvement in sentence recognition for dysarthric speech, compared to previous research. This improvement effectively compensates for speech variability, attributable to our deliberate selection of the number of overlapping frames between consecutive training example chunks.

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