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01.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.25635

Anomalous topological superradiant phases

作者:

You-Qi Lu↗Yu-Yu Zhang↗Zi-Xiang Hu↗

arXiv:2606.25635v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present a novel set of light-matter topology realized by implementing a finite-component quantum Rabi array with a photonic analog of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) configuration. We demonstrate how complex light-matter couplings with species-dependent phases lead to the closure of superradiance-induced band gap in a manner that differs from that in the SSH model. We uncover an topological superradiant phase transition from a normal phase to a topological superradiant electromagnet phase, which is characterized both by a local order parameter and a global topological invariant. Novel superradiance-enhanced edge states emerge with significantly amplified excitations superior to those in topological normal phase. Strikingly, tuning light-atom coupling induces novel topological superradiant electric and magnetic phases, exhibiting chiral edge-mode excitation at opposite boundaries. Our proposed setup offers a tunable platform for topological quantum optics, advancing applications in topological superradiant lasers.

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02.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.20184

Operator Learning for efficient Quantum Computation

作者:

Paul Over↗Sergio Bengoechea↗Leonardo Borello Busilacchi↗Martin Kiffner↗Thomas Rung↗Alexios A. Michailidis↗

arXiv:2606.20184v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: An efficient implementation of quantum algorithms is often hindered by the lack of efficient primitives for operators and state preparation. This limits both the ability of near-term quantum hardware to simulate complex problems and the potential of fault-tolerant algorithms to achieve practical quantum advantage. To address this, we propose a full-stack variational framework that transforms arbitrary operators to compact quantum circuits. The resulting variational circuits can be tailored to the connectivity and long-range interaction of the target hardware. The learning process employs backpropagation together with a cost function that efficiently optimizes unitary operators and non-unitary – dense or sparse – operators using only a single ancilla qubit for block encoding. Additionally, we introduce a regularization term that reduces the approximation error. The approach is validated for both quantum mechanical and engineering applications. In the former case, we learn propagators that arise in native quantum problems – such as quantum simulation and quantum chemistry – and achieve improved resource scaling in comparison to standard Suzuki-Trotter expansions. In the latter case, we demonstrate the approach's ability to implement the second-order central finite difference approximation of the Laplace operator – relevant for solving partial differential equations – while improving upon current error metrics. The final example deals with learning a dense, non-unitary operator that arises in the analysis of inviscid potential flow around an airfoil. This universality of the framework opens the door for solving general problems beyond prototypical engineering and quantum applications.

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03.

medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-24 DOI: HASH:bb028daab15f6afcf6c486a7ba8cdc63

Generative AI avatar videos for tobacco prevention on social media: a randomized controlled trial

作者:

Merl↗N. B↗Wies↗Schramm↗Winterstein↗J. T↗Chanda↗Brinker↗T. J↗

Short-form video platforms increasingly shape how young audiences encounter health information. Generative artificial intelligence can produce standardized avatar-based messages at scale, but randomized evidence for tobacco prevention is scarce. In this three-arm randomized online intervention study with pre-post assessment, participants aged 16 years or older were assigned to an AI avatar video emphasizing short-term smoking consequences, an AI avatar video presenting long-term cancer-related information matched to an American Cancer Society fact sheet, or the same fact sheet in written form. The primary outcome was post-intervention intention to avoid smoking and secondhand smoke exposure, adjusted for baseline intention. Among 400 randomized participants, 272 had complete data for the primary baseline-adjusted analysis. Intention increased from baseline to post-intervention in all conditions, with no statistically significant between-group differences. These findings support AI avatar videos as a scalable, social-media-compatible format for digital tobacco prevention, while not establishing superiority or equivalence.

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04.

Nature Medicine 2026-06-24 DOI: HASH:f62b3309fd6b1b65800fc6693afc1559

Retraction Note: Time-of-day immunochemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial

作者:

Zhe Huang↗

该条目无摘要（多为勘误、社论或新闻类内容，出版方未提供摘要）

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05.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17082

ParkingTransformer: LLM-Enhanced End-to-End Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Parking

作者:

Hauteng Wu↗Xu Li↗Dong Kong↗Zihang Wang↗Xieyuanli Chen↗Benwu Wang↗Wenkai Zhu↗

arXiv:2606.17082v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: End-to-end autonomous parking has emerged as a critical task within the realm of autonomous driving. However, existing methods suffer from black-box characteristics, lacking high-level semantic understanding and interpretability, which impedes the realization of seamless long-distance autonomous parking from the road to the target spot. To address these limitations, we propose ParkingTransformer, a novel framework that leverages multi-view perception and the scene understanding capability of Large Language Models (LLMs). By combining trajectory queries with LLMs implicit state features, our method interacts directly with historical information and raw sensor data to output planning trajectories, eliminating the need for dense Bird's-View (BEV) representations. To compensate for the inadequate spatial reasoning ability of LLMs, we introduce 3D positional encoding to explicitly inject spatial geometric awareness. Furthermore, a fixed-window streaming mechanism is designed for historical information processing, significantly improving long-term temporal processing efficiency and inference speed. Additionally, a coarse-to-fine decoding strategy is employed to progressively enhance trajectory precision. Extensive closed-loop experiments are conducted on the CARLA simulator and real-world vehicle platforms. The results demonstrate that our method achieves a driving score of 61.32 in CARLA simulator and an average success rate of 88.70% in real-world experiments, validating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

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06.

PLOS Computational Biology 2026-06-18 DOI: HASH:69c68724234f3b01cbfff755b553a0fb

Mechanisms underlying spontaneous and evoked calcium responses in oligodendrocyte precursor cells: A modeling investigation

作者:

Martin Lardy↗

by Martin Lardy, Leqi Wang, Claire Guerrier, Veronica T. Cheli, Pablo M. Paez, Anmar Khadra Calcium (Ca2+) signaling has emerged as a central regulator of activity-dependent myelination in oligodendrocytes. These Ca2+ signals encompass both the stimulus-independent spontaneous Ca2+ local transients (SCaLTs) generated intrinsically in a voltage-independent manner or facilitated by the membrane voltage, as well as evoked responses triggered by ATP and glutamate release. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying this combined spiking activity, we developed a stochastic spatiotemporal flux-balance model of Ca2+ transients in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The model incorporates all the relevant fluxes in these cells and integrates membrane voltage dynamics with a Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release (CICR) mechanism using parameters fitted to Ca2+ fluorescence recordings. The model reproduced the intrinsic and voltage-facilitated SCaLTs in OPCs in the absence of purinergic and glutamatergic receptors, and captured the three distinct patterns of evoked Ca2+ responses induced by prolonged ATP and glutamate stimulations identified using machine classifier. The model highlighted the role of ATP and glutamate in generating these clusters, and showed that the fast dynamics of CICR is key to producing these evoked responses. Further analysis of the model also revealed that voltage-gated L- and T-type Ca2+ channels slightly increase the frequency of SCaLTs, while stimulation with ATP and glutamate, using randomly distributed pulses mimicking in vivo conditions, leads to an increase in both the amplitudes of Ca2+ spikes (i.e., the combination of SCaLTs and evoked responses) and the prevalence of wide spikes, especially upon glutamate stimulation. Bifurcation analysis of the deterministic version of the model, in the absence of diffusion, demonstrated that ATP and glutamate stimulation can shift the system into an oscillatory regime, thereby increasing the deterministic component of SCaLT dynamics. This study thus offers a comprehensive representation of OPC Ca2+ transients linking recorded in vitro behaviors to in vivo dynamics.

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07.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2603.26039

Achieving double-logarithmic precision dependence in optimization-based quantum unstructured search

作者:

Zhijian Lai↗Dong An↗Jiang Hu↗Zaiwen Wen↗

arXiv:2603.26039v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Grover's algorithm is a fundamental quantum algorithm that achieves a quadratic speedup for unstructured search problems of size $N$. Recent studies have reformulated this task as a maximization problem on the unitary manifold and solved it via linearly convergent Riemannian gradient ascent (RGA) methods, resulting in a complexity of $O(\sqrt{N/M}\log (1/\varepsilon))$, where $M$ denotes the number of target items and $\varepsilon$ denotes the success probability error. In this work, we adopt the Riemannian modified Newton (RMN) method to solve the quantum search problem, under the assumption that the ratio $ M/N$ is known. We show that, in this setting, the Riemannian Newton direction is collinear with the Riemannian gradient in the sense that the Riemannian gradient is always an eigenvector of the corresponding Riemannian Hessian. This structure removes the overhead of Hessian inversion and allows the proposed RMN method to retain the local quadratic convergence in terms of the error $\varepsilon$. More precisely, we rigorously prove an overall complexity of $O(\sqrt{N/M}+\log\log(1/\varepsilon))$. Furthermore, our approach remains Grover-compatible, namely, it relies exclusively on the standard Grover diffusion and oracle operators to ensure algorithmic implementability, and its parameter update process can be efficiently precomputed on classical computers.

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08.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2606.24344

What Does ODRL Mean? A Cross-Level Ontological Grounding of Permissions, Prohibitions, and Duties in UFO-L

作者:

Daham M. Mustafa↗Christoph Lange↗Giancarlo Guizzardi↗Diego Collarana↗Christoph Quix↗Stefan Decker↗

arXiv:2606.24344v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: ODRL policy evaluators produce verdicts, but say nothing about the normative positions a policy brings into existence, the authority structures those positions presuppose, or who holds the power to declare a norm violated. We formulate the Cross-Level Design Principle: any normative language with violable, consequential norms requires both conduct-level positions (Permission, Duty, Right, No right) and competence-level positions (Power, Subjection, Immunity, Disability). Applying this to ODRL, we establish that prohibition is sanctioned (violation possible and consequential), that permission is underspecified across its behaviour parameter (open vs. closed world), and that the formal semantics covers achievement obligations only. We ground ODRL in UFO-L, mapping each activated rule to a simple legal relator and extending coverage from two to eight legal positions; violation-declaration authority, implicit in every existing evaluator, becomes an explicit Power-Subjection pair. All axioms are mechanically verified in Isabelle/HOL and across a 39-problem benchmark under Vampire, E, and Z3.

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09.

Nature (Science) 2026-06-24 DOI: HASH:69a104fab3eaf86d54a74505930a5b94

Ductile alloys offering 100 MPa tensile strength at 2,400 °C

作者:

Mintao Xue↗

Extreme applications call for materials that are not only strong to withstand thermomechanical loads at temperatures in excess of 2,000 °C (refs. 1–3), but also highly formable at room temperature to allow for processing into complex-shaped parts. The latter excludes brittle ceramics4 and intermetallic compounds5, limiting the selection to highly ductile metals and their alloys, but for them, an adequate strength at ultrahigh temperatures seems unreachable. Here we show a breakthrough in casting alloys that achieve both simultaneously. A boron-stabilized HfO2-strengthened Ta-based alloy was carefully crafted using a new boron-intervened in situ oxidation reaction, producing about 50-nm diameter oxide particles dispersed densely and uniformly in the grain interior. The new alloy fills the blank at ultrahigh temperatures in terms of tensile yield strength, around 200 MPa at 2,000 °C and 100 MPa at 2,400 °C, while simultaneously possessing an excellent strength–ductility balance at room temperature (ultimate tensile strength >800 MPa, elongation-to-failure of about 35%), a property combination surpassing all previous refractory (including multi-principal-element) alloys. Moreover, the boron segregation around the oxide nanoparticles imparts excellent thermal stability against coarsening at 2,000–2,400 °C. Our strategy thus goes beyond traditional oxide-dispersion strengthening to enable highly ductile refractory alloys that are capable of load-bearing applications at extreme temperatures. A boron-stabilized oxide-strengthened tantalum alloy combines exceptional room-temperature ductility with record ultrahigh-temperature strength, enabling load-bearing applications above 2,000 °C.

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10.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2605.21312

Frontier: Towards Comprehensive and Accurate LLM Inference Simulation

作者:

Yicheng Feng↗Xin Tan↗Yangtao Deng↗Yimin Jiang↗Yibo Zhu↗Hong Xu↗

arXiv:2605.21312v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Modern LLM serving is no longer homogeneous or monolithic. Production systems now combine disaggregated execution, complex parallelism, runtime optimizations, and stateful workloads such as reasoning, agents, and RL rollouts. Simulation is attractive for exploring this growing design space, yet existing simulators lack the architectural completeness and decision-grade fidelity it demands. Their monolithic-replica abstractions are ill-suited to disaggregated serving, while average-case analytical proxies can distort SLA predictions and even reverse optimization conclusions. We present Frontier, a discrete-event simulator for modern LLM inference serving. Frontier features a disaggregated abstraction. It captures the structure and dynamics of modern serving systems by modeling co-location, Prefill-Decode Disaggregation (PDD), and Attention-FFN Disaggregation (AFD) with role-specific cluster workers, incorporating key runtime optimizations (e.g., CUDA Graphs, speculative decoding) within the scheduler-batch-engine loop, and supporting stateful requests for emerging workloads. It further provides accurate and generalizable predictions of computation, communication, and memory costs across diverse serving scenarios with complex workload compositions. On 16-H800 GPU testbed, Frontier achieves an average throughput error below 4%. Compared with state-of-the-art simulators, it reduces end-to-end latency error from 44.9% to 6.4% under co-location and from 51.7% to 2.6% under disaggregation. It scales to over 1K GPUs on commodity CPUs and enables new use cases such as SLA-dependent Pareto frontier exploration, heterogeneous disaggregated allocation, agentic reasoning scheduling validation, and RL post-training reconfiguration. We release Frontier at https://github.com/NetX-lab/Frontier.

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11.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.17011

ROVE: Unlocking Human Interventions for Humanoid Manipulation via Reinforcement Learning

作者:

Wei Xiao↗Weiliang Tang↗Yuying Ge↗Hui Zhou↗Yao Mu↗Li Zhang↗Yixiao Ge↗

arXiv:2606.17011v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Human interventions provide crucial corrective signals for post-training Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. However, enabling seamless humanoid interventions is a formidable systems challenge due to complex whole-body kinematics and dexterous-hand control. Consequently, the collected intervention trajectories are often suboptimal, and methods that rely on human interventions as expert supervision can absorb hesitant, inefficient, or even erroneous behaviors. To address both the system and algorithmic challenges, we propose ROVE, a reinforcement learning framework for humanoid VLA post-training with imperfect human interventions. First, ROVE introduces a human-in-the-loop pipeline capable of collecting deployment and intervention data for humanoid manipulation. Second, it utilizes Optimistic Value Estimation (OVE) to prioritize high-value behaviors from mixed-quality trajectories. To further robustify value estimation, we incorporate cross-embodiment human experience videos to provide rich supervision for long-tailed failure and recovery modes. The resulting critic yields informative advantage signals, steering the VLA actor to focus on high-value behaviors rather than indiscriminately imitating all actions. On challenging real-world contact-rich and fine-grained humanoid manipulation tasks, ROVE outperforms experience-learning baselines and consistently improves across multiple rollout-intervention iterations.

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12.

arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2603.04832

BBP Phase Transition for a Doubly Sparse Deformed Model

作者:

Ioana Dumitriu↗JD Flynn↗Zhichao Wang↗

arXiv:2603.04832v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We prove the equivalent of the Baik, Ben Arous, Péché (2004) phenomenon for a novel, doubly sparse model where both the Wigner noise matrix and signal vector(s) are sparse. Specifically, we consider a deformed sub-Gaussian sparse Wigner ensemble with a fixed number of sub-Gaussian spike vectors of the same-order sparsity added. We show that spike vectors with signals greater than one are correlated with the top eigenvectors of the deformed ensemble and that each spike vector of signal greater than one induces an outlier eigenvalue. Notably, our results hold in the supercritical sparsity regime for the Wigner matrix ($q \gg \frac{\log n}{n}$) and for any sparse spike vector with an unbounded number of entries ($np\to \infty$). No further relationship between the sparsities of the noise matrix ($q$) and spike vectors ($p$) is necessary. This generalizes the work of Benaych-Georges and Nadakuditi (2010) and Péché (2005).

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13.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.04404

Knockoffs-based False Discovery Rate Control and Simplification for Deep Neural Networks

作者:

Wenyu Liao↗Yiqing Shi↗Fang Xie↗

arXiv:2606.04404v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The deep neural network is a widely used framework in machine learning that has been widely applied in various fields. However, deep neural networks often involve a large number of parameters and inputs, many of which may be irrelevant to the goal or true output. These parameters and input variables not only increase computational complexity, but also contribute to additional computational cost. One solution to this problem is knockoff methods, which have proven successful in controlling false discovery rates in high-dimensional regression. Building on the knockoff methods and using the regularised neural network, this paper proposes three variable screening methods under the condition of controlling false discovery rates: one layer filter, multiple layers filter, and variable weight aggregation filter. In comparison with existing algorithms, we find that our algorithms show satisfactory performance.

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14.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2605.18401

SkillsVote: Lifecycle Governance of Agent Skills from Collection, Recommendation to Evolution

作者:

Hongyi Liu↗Haoyan Yang↗Tao Jiang↗Bo Tang↗Feiyu Xiong↗Yuyu Luo↗Zhiyu Li↗

Long-horizon LLM agents generate traces that could become reusable experience, but raw trajectories are noisy, local, and hard to govern. Agent Skills offer a structured artifact for combining procedural guidance, executable resources, and applicability boundaries. Yet open skill ecosystems contain redundant, uneven, environment-sensitive artifacts, and indiscriminate updates can pollute future context. We present SkillsVote, a lifecycle-governance framework for Agent Skills across collection, recommendation, attribution, and evolution. SkillsVote profiles a million-scale open source corpus for environment requirements, quality, and verifiability, and synthesizes tasks for verifiable skills. Before execution, it performs agentic library search over structured skill folders to expose instructional context. After execution, it decomposes trajectories into skill-linked subtasks, attributes outcomes to skill-guided execution, agent exploration, environment, and result signals, and admits only successful reusable discoveries to evidence-gated updates. Experiments on Terminal-Bench 2.0 and SWE-Bench Pro show that SkillsVote improves agent performance on challenging agentic coding benchmarks. The gains arise from two complementary pathways: online evolution over task streams at test time and offline transfer via frozen libraries built from either historical trajectories or curated open source skills.

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15.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2310.05753

Large-Scale OD Matrix Estimation with A Deep Learning Method

作者:

Zheli Xiong↗Defu Lian↗Enhong Chen↗Gang Chen↗Xiaomin Cheng↗

arXiv:2310.05753v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The estimation of origin-destination (OD) matrices is a crucial aspect of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). It involves adjusting an initial OD matrix by regressing the current observations like traffic counts of road sections (e.g., using least squares). However, the OD estimation problem lacks sufficient constraints and is mathematically underdetermined. To alleviate this problem, some researchers incorporate a prior OD matrix as a target in the regression to provide more structural constraints. However, this approach is highly dependent on the existing prior matrix, which may be outdated. Others add structural constraints through sensor data, such as vehicle trajectory and speed, which can reflect more current structural constraints in real-time. Our proposed method integrates deep learning and numerical optimization algorithms to infer matrix structure and guide numerical optimization. This approach combines the advantages of both deep learning and numerical optimization algorithms. The neural network(NN) learns to infer structural constraints from probe traffic flows, eliminating dependence on prior information and providing real-time performance. Additionally, due to the generalization capability of NN, this method is economical in engineering. We conducted tests to demonstrate the good generalization performance of our method on a large-scale synthetic dataset. Subsequently, we verified the stability of our method on real traffic data. Our experiments provided confirmation of the benefits of combining NN and numerical optimization.

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16.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.12319

Anatomically Conditioned Recurrent Refinement for Topology-Aware Circle of Willis Segmentation

作者:

Juraj Peri\'c↗Marija Habijan↗Dario Mu\v{z}evi\'c↗Irena Gali\'c↗Danilo Babin↗Aleksandra Pi\v{z}urica↗

Segmenting the Circle of Willis (CoW) from Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) is challenging due to complex topology and thin vascular structures that are prone to fragmentation. Standard Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) often fail to capture these topological constraints, resulting in "broken vessel" artifacts. To address this, we propose the Anatomically Conditioned Recurrent Refinement U-Net (AC2RUNet). Our architecture decouples segmentation into two streams: a Static Stream that extracts invariant anatomical features and a lightweight Dynamic Stream that iteratively refines topological errors over time. We further introduce a dynamic curriculum learning strategy that transitions from high-recall geometric supervision to topology-aware constraints. Validated on the TopCoW dataset, AC2RUNet substantially reduces Hausdorff Distance (4.72 mm vs 9.17 mm) and Betti number errors (0.19 vs 0.40), improving topological connectivity over the nnU-Net baseline while maintaining comparable volumetric Dice.

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17.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2502.14894

FOCUS on Contamination: Hydrology-Informed Noise-Aware Learning for Geospatial PFAS Mapping

作者:

Jowaria Khan↗Alexa Friedman↗Sydney Evans↗Rachel Klein↗Runzi Wang↗Katherine E. Manz↗Kaley Beins↗David Q. Andrews↗Elizabeth Bondi-Kelly↗

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants with significant public health impacts, yet large-scale monitoring remains severely limited due to the high cost and logistical challenges of field sampling. The lack of samples leads to difficulty simulating their spread with physical models and limited scientific understanding of PFAS transport in surface waters. Yet, rich geospatial and satellite-derived data describing land cover, hydrology, and industrial activity are widely available. We introduce FOCUS, a geospatial deep learning framework for PFAS contamination mapping that integrates sparse PFAS observations with large-scale environmental context, including priors derived from hydrological connectivity, land cover, source proximity, and sampling distance. These priors are integrated into a principled, noise-aware loss, yielding a robust training objective under sparse labels. Across extensive ablations, robustness analyses, and real-world validation, FOCUS consistently outperforms baselines including sparse segmentation, Kriging, and pollutant transport simulations, while preserving spatial coherence and scalability over large regions. Our results demonstrate how AI can support environmental science by providing screening-level risk maps that prioritize follow-up sampling and help connect potential sources to surface-water contamination patterns in the absence of complete physical models.

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18.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2602.00222

MapDream: Task-Driven Map Learning for Vision-Language Navigation

作者:

Guoxin Lian↗Shuo Wang↗Yucheng Wang↗Yongcai Wang↗Maiyue Chen↗Kaihui Wang↗Bo Zhang↗Zhizhong Su↗Deying Li↗Zhaoxin Fan↗

Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) requires agents to follow natural language instructions in partially observed 3D environments, motivating map representations that aggregate spatial context beyond local perception. However, most existing approaches rely on hand-crafted maps constructed independently of the navigation policy. We argue that maps should instead be learned representations shaped directly by navigation objectives rather than exhaustive reconstructions. Based on this insight, we propose MapDream, a map-in-the-loop framework that formulates map construction as autoregressive bird's-eye-view (BEV) image synthesis. The framework jointly learns map generation and action prediction, distilling environmental context into a compact three-channel BEV map that preserves only navigation-critical affordances. Supervised pre-training bootstraps a reliable mapping-to-control interface, while the autoregressive design enables end-to-end joint optimization through reinforcement fine-tuning. Experiments on R2R-CE and RxR-CE achieve state-of-the-art monocular performance, validating task-driven generative map learning.

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19.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2603.25645

Colon-Bench: An Agentic Workflow for Scalable Dense Lesion Annotation in Full-Procedure Colonoscopy Videos

作者:

Abdullah Hamdi↗Changchun Yang↗Xin Gao↗

Early screening via colonoscopy is critical for colon cancer prevention, yet developing robust AI systems for this domain is hindered by the lack of densely annotated, long-sequence video datasets. Existing datasets predominantly focus on single-class polyp detection and lack the rich spatial, temporal, and linguistic annotations required to evaluate modern Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). To address this critical gap, we introduce Colon-Bench, generated via a novel multi-stage agentic workflow. Our pipeline seamlessly integrates temporal proposals, bounding-box tracking, AI-driven visual confirmation, and human-in-the-loop review to scalably annotate full-procedure videos. The resulting verified benchmark is unprecedented in scope, encompassing 528 videos, 14 distinct lesion categories (including polyps, ulcers, and bleeding), over 300,000 bounding boxes, 213,000 segmentation masks, and 133,000 words of clinical descriptions. We utilize Colon-Bench to rigorously evaluate state-of-the-art MLLMs across lesion classification, Open-Vocabulary Video Object Segmentation (OV-VOS), and video Visual Question Answering (VQA). The MLLM results demonstrate surprisingly high localization performance in medical domains compared to SAM-3. Finally, we analyze common VQA errors from MLLMs to introduce a novel "colon-skill" prompting strategy, improving zero-shot MLLM performance by up to 9.7% across most MLLMs. The dataset and the code are available at https://abdullahamdi.com/colon-bench .

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20.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.18259

Caring Without Feeling: Affective Dynamics as the Control Layer of Human-AI Agent Collaboration

作者:

Junjie Xu↗Xingjiao Wu↗Zihao Zhang↗Yujia Xu↗Yuzhe Yang↗Jin Zhu↗Luwei Xiao↗Wen Wu↗Liang He↗

arXiv:2606.18259v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI agents that plan, retain memory across sessions, invoke external tools and act with partial autonomy are transforming human–AI collaboration. Research on affective computing, simulated empathy in large language models, trust in automation and AI safety has illuminated important design principles, yet these literatures remain fragmented. No integrated account explains how affective cues operate within agentic collaboration – settings in which humans delegate, monitor and correct consequential tasks. This Review synthesises computational and interactional mechanisms of affective dynamics: the processes through which affective cues, emotion-like behaviour and perceived agent affect shape trust calibration, delegation decisions, error correction, dependence and governance. We trace how model-generated affective signals enter interaction loops that govern reliance, repair and oversight, and propose a framework that treats affect not as an internal property of AI but as a coordination layer through which humans and agents negotiate capability, uncertainty and responsibility. The framework provides a foundation for calibrated measurement, purposeful design and informed governance.

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21.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.11635

Are LLMs Bad at Moral Reasoning?

作者:

Menghang Zhu↗Seth Lazar↗

arXiv:2606.11635v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: For highly capable AI systems to operate safely in dynamic, open-ended environments, they must be able to identify, understand, and respond to moral reasons for action, and constrain their behaviour accordingly. A growing body of research aims to evaluate this capacity – moral competence – in today's most capable AI systems, recently reaching broadly pessimistic conclusions. One of the most ambitious such papers collects gold-standard human-authored rubrics for evaluating moral reasoning in 1,000 cases, and benchmarks frontier AI models against those rubrics, with underwhelming results. In this paper, we argue that the MoReBench dataset can be redeployed to give a much more optimistic picture of LLMs' moral reasoning (an essential part of moral competence). We show that if, instead of scoring LLMs' responses to these cases against these rubrics, we instead give the LLMs the same task given to humans – to generate scoring rubrics for the moral analysis of particular cases – the rubrics they generate are both better calibrated to the human rubrics than their open-ended responses, and, where they differ, plausibly reflect nothing more than the vast dimensionality of most moral problems, as well as highlighting some human departures from the "rubric for creating rubrics". Taking these points into consideration, the MoReBench dataset suggests that LLMs are significantly more capable at moral reasoning than was previously believed.

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22.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2506.01486

Model-agnostic Mitigation Strategies of Data Imbalance for Regression

作者:

Jelke Wibbeke↗Sebastian Rohjans↗Andreas Rauh↗

arXiv:2506.01486v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Data imbalance persists as a pervasive challenge in regression tasks, introducing bias in model performance and undermining predictive reliability. This is particularly detrimental in applications aimed at predicting rare events that fall outside of the domain of the bulk of the training data. In this study, we review the current state-of-the-art regarding sampling-based methods and cost-sensitive learning. Additionally, we propose novel approaches to mitigate model bias. To better assess the importance of data, we introduce the density-distance and density-ratio relevance functions, which effectively integrate empirical frequency of data with domain-specific preferences, offering enhanced interpretability for end-users. Furthermore, we present advanced mitigation techniques (cSMOGN and crbSMOGN), which build upon and improve existing sampling methods. In a quantitative evaluation, we benchmark state-of-the-art methods on 10 synthetic and 42 real-world datasets, using neural networks, XGBoosting trees and Random Forest models. Our analysis shows that while most strategies improve performance on rare samples, they degrade it on frequent ones. The trade-off becomes larger the more the performance on rare samples is increased. However, to reduce this effect we demonstrate that constructing an ensemble of models – one trained with imbalance mitigation and another without – can be used. The key findings underscore the superior performance of our novel crbSMOGN sampling technique with the density-ratio relevance function for neural networks, outperforming state-of-the-art methods.

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23.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17394

Damage Adaptation in Seconds for Architected Materials

作者:

James Avtges↗Jake Ketchum↗Helena Young↗Taekyoung Kim↗Ryan Truby↗Todd Murphey↗

arXiv:2606.17394v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Adaptation to damages and in-situ physical repairs is essential for long-term robot autonomy, yet challenging outside of narrowly defined and well-anticipated bounds. In this work we proprioceptively adapt to catastrophic damage in soft-actuated systems in under one minute. Architected materials are well equipped for adaptation: actuator failure occurs gradually rather than acutely, and damage can be described in a low-dimensional, discrete coordinate space. Surprisingly, latent damage representations plus a simple yet robust ensemble method is sufficient for adapting to unseen damage in real-time. Moreover, we identify conditions under which exponential sample complexity collapses to linear sample complexity for learned representations of architected materials, a concrete advantage over rigid components or continuum soft mechanisms. We demonstrate LEAP, our method for adaptive proprioception, via a tracing task for a 6DoF soft wrist based on Handed Shearing Auxetic (HSA) actuators. Our algorithm is able to adapt to cuts, burns, and actuator repairs, enabling simulation-free real-time adaptation that is critical for realizing the promise of soft robots outside the lab. Videos and more information are available at https://murpheylab.github.io/leap.

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24.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.12098

Quantum ergodicity and semiclassical measures: mathematical results

作者:

St\'ephane Nonnenmacher↗

arXiv:2606.12098v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this chapter we review some results describing the high-frequency eigenmodes of the Laplacian on compact manifolds, or Euclidean domains, for which the geodesic flow is chaotic. We focus on the macroscopic distribution of these eigenmodes, which is described by the concept of semiclassical measure. The main result on the question is the Quantum Ergodicity theorem, originally due to Schnirelman. We provide the detailed proof of this theorem, including the adjustments necessary to treat the case of manifolds with boundary. We also discuss the Quantum Unique Ergodicity conjecture, and some progress towards this conjecture for strongly chaotic (Anosov) systems. In particular, we describe the constraints on admissible semiclassical measures, in terms of their Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, as well as more recent delocalization results.

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25.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2512.24946

HaineiFRDM: Structure-Preserving Diffusion for Film Restoration under Fast Motion and Diverse Defects

作者:

Rongji Xun↗Junjie Yuan↗Zhongjie Wang↗

Existing film-restoration methods frequently fail under fast motion, producing limb disappearance and structural distortion due to inaccurate motion modeling. Moreover, high-resolution restoration under spatially-persistent and mixed defects remains insufficiently studied. We propose HaineiFRDM, a Film Restoration Diffusion Model that leverages the content modeling capability of diffusion models for content-aware restoration, removing defects while preserving scene structure.To enable scalable high-resolution restoration, we adopt a patch-wise strategy with position-aware global fusion modules to maintain cross-patch coherence. We further introduce a frequency-based module to enhance texture consistency and a patch-consistent inference framework to alleviate blocking artifacts introduced by patch-based processing.We also construct a film restoration dataset comprising categorized defect templates, professionally restored films, and realistic synthetic degradations.Extensive experiments demonstrate our superior restoration quality with strong structural consistency. Our design also reduces memory requirements, enabling high-resolution restoration on a single 24GB-VRAM GPU.Code and the dataset will be released at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/HaineiFRDM.

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