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01.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.14879

VANDERER: Map-Free Exploration using Future-Aware and Visual-Curiosity-Guided Diffusion Policy

作者:

Venkata Naren Devarakonda↗Raktim Gautam Goswami↗Prashanth Krishnamurthy↗Farshad Khorrami↗

Mobile agents require efficient exploration strategies to map unseen environments and autonomously plan tasks. Traditional methods rely on generating occupancy maps and optimizing the sequence in which unexplored regions are visited. However, in sensor-constrained settings, such as those limited to monocular cameras, generating accurate occupancy maps is challenging. To address this, we propose VANDERER, an exploration framework that leverages a Visual Curiosity Module (VCM) to guide pre-trained diffusion policies using only monocular image data. This curiosity module predicts the outcomes of proposed actions via a navigation world model and evaluates them through a curiosity cost. The cost then guides the diffusion process toward generating actions that maximize exploration. Evaluated across diverse simulated environments, VANDERER consistently outperforms established baselines, exploring an average of 13.4% more area than NoMaD. Our results reveal a direct correlation between visual and geometric curiosity in outdoor environments, demonstrating that VANDERER can effectively leverage this relationship for efficient exploration using sensor-constrained agents.

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02.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2511.10267

Quantum Simulation of Non-Hermitian Special Functions and Dynamics via Contour-based Matrix Decomposition

作者:

Chao Wang↗Huan-Yu Liu↗Cheng Xue↗Xi-Ning Zhuang↗Menghan Dou↗Zhao-Yun Chen↗Guo-Ping Guo↗

arXiv:2511.10267v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Simulating non-Hermitian dynamics on quantum computers is often hindered by the decay of success probability and the instability of non-diagonalizable matrices. Here, we present contour-based matrix decomposition (CBMD), a rigorous and versatile quantum functional calculus framework for simulating non-Hermitian matrix functions. By generalizing the matrix Cauchy residue theorem, CBMD decomposes holomorphic non-Hermitian operators into an analytic infinite contour-residue identity, followed by finite truncation with controlled error to yield linear combinations of Hermitian components. For first-order dynamics, CBMD achieves optimal query complexity across all parameters, strictly matching the optimal performance bounds within the linear combination of Hamiltonian simulation (LCHS) paradigm. Beyond first-order systems, the framework naturally generalizes to complex operator functions, including second-order wave dynamics and non-Hermitian special functions such as Bessel and Airy evolutions. Furthermore, CBMD systematically suppresses the asymptotic growth of non-Hermitian components, yielding a significant reduction in the required number of amplitude amplifications compared to the naive scheme of combining monomials via linear combination of unitaries (LCU) after Taylor expansion. Notably, CBMD avoids explicit dependence on matrix diagonalizability, effectively mitigating the long-standing challenges associated with ill-conditioned eigenvectors and Jordan blocks. Our work establishes a systematic matrix calculus that bridges high-performance classical numerics and fault-tolerant quantum algorithms. It should be noted that CBMD inherits standard LCU overheads, and requires the target function to have a bounded growth order on the real axis.

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03.

arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15630

Excursion Fluctuations and Spectral Universality in Gaussian Fields

作者:

Dmitry Beliaev↗Akshay Hegde↗

arXiv:2606.15630v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study the large-scale spatial fluctuations of excursion volumes for a class of smooth stationary Gaussian fields. In the case of Berry's random wave model in dimension $d \geq 2$, we show that the spatial fluctuations for fixed $u>0$ converge to the fractional Gaussian field $(-\Delta)^{-1/4}W$ in the space of tempered distributions $\mathcal S'(\mathbb{R}^d)$, where $W$ is the $d$-dimensional Gaussian white noise. This explains the long-range correlations in the apparent filament structure of the Random Plane Wave model. For a class of smooth planar Gaussian fields whose spectral density has a power-law singularity at the origin, we prove convergence to fractional Gaussian fields with an index determined by the singularity exponent. More generally, the results illustrate that, for stationary random measures, large-scale spatial fluctuations are determined by the behaviour of the spectral measure density exponent near zero.

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04.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2506.13724

Logical qubits with erasure conversion using metastable neutral atoms

作者:

Bichen Zhang↗Genyue Liu↗Guillaume Bornet↗Sebastian P. Horvath↗Pai Peng↗Shuo Ma↗Shilin Huang↗Shruti Puri↗Jeff D. Thompson↗

arXiv:2506.13724v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Implementing large-scale quantum algorithms with practical advantage will require fault-tolerance achieved through quantum error correction, but the associated overhead is prohibitive. This overhead can be reduced by engineering physical qubits with fewer errors, and by shaping the residual errors to be more easily correctable. In this work, we demonstrate quantum error correcting codes and logical qubit circuits in a metastable ytterbium-171 nuclear spin qubit with a noise bias towards erasure errors. These errors can be located separately from any syndrome information diagnosing the error, and we demonstrate adaptive circuit execution based on erasure information. We show that dephasing errors on the qubit during coherent transport can be strongly suppressed, and implement entangling gates that maintain a high fidelity in the presence of gate beam inhomogeneity or pointing errors. Furthermore, we demonstrate logical qubit encoding in the [[4, 2, 2]] code, with error correction during decoding based on mid-circuit erasure measurements despite the fact that the code is too small to correct any Pauli errors. Finally, we demonstrate logical qubit teleportation between multiple code blocks with conditionally selected ancillas based on mid-circuit erasure checks, a key part of leakage-robust error correction schemes using neutral atoms.

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05.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2604.18109

FLiP: Towards understanding and interpreting multimodal multilingual sentence embeddings

作者:

Santosh Kesiraju↗Bolaji Yusuf↗\v{S}imon Sedl\'a\v{c}ek↗Old\v{r}ich Plchot↗Petr Schwarz↗

This paper presents factorized linear projection (FLiP) models for understanding pretrained sentence embedding spaces. We train FLiP models to recover the lexical content from multilingual (LaBSE), multimodal (SONAR) and API-based (Gemini) sentence embedding spaces in several high- and mid-resource languages. We show that FLiP can recall more than 75% of lexical content from the embeddings, significantly outperforming existing non-factorized baselines. Using this as a diagnostic tool, we uncover the modality and language biases across the selected sentence encoders and provide practitioners with intrinsic insights about the encoders without relying on conventional downstream evaluation tasks. Our implementation is public https://github.com/BUTSpeechFIT/FLiP.

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06.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2512.14967

Deep Learning and Elicitability for McKean-Vlasov FBSDEs With Common Noise

作者:

Felipe J. P. Antunes↗Yuri F. Saporito↗Sebastian Jaimungal↗

arXiv:2512.14967v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present a novel numerical method for solving McKean–Vlasov forward–backward stochastic differential equations (MV–FBSDEs) with common noise, combining Picard iterations, elicitability and deep learning. The key innovation involves elicitability to derive a pathwise loss function, enabling efficient training of neural networks to approximate both the backward process and the conditional expectations arising from common noise, without requiring computationally expensive nested Monte Carlo simulations. The mean-field interaction term is parameterized via a recurrent neural network trained to minimize an elicitable score, while the backward process is approximated through a hybrid feedforward and recurrent network representing the decoupling field. We validate the algorithm on a systemic-risk inter-bank borrowing and lending model, where analytical solutions exist, demonstrating accurate recovery of the true solution. We further extend the model to quantile-mediated interactions, showcasing the flexibility of the elicitability framework beyond conditional means or moments. Finally, we apply the method to a non-stationary Aiyagari–Bewley–Huggett economic growth model with endogenous interest rates, illustrating its applicability to complex mean-field games without closed-form solutions.

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07.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2512.24838

CropTrack: A Tracking with Re-Identification Framework for Precision Agriculture

作者:

Md Ahmed Al Muzaddid↗Jordan A. James↗William J. Beksi↗

Multiple-object tracking (MOT) in agricultural environments presents major challenges due to repetitive patterns, similar object appearances, sudden illumination changes, and frequent occlusions. Contemporary trackers in this domain rely on the motion of objects rather than appearance for association. Nevertheless, they struggle to maintain object identities when targets undergo frequent and strong occlusions. The high similarity of object appearances makes integrating appearance-based association nontrivial for agricultural scenarios. To solve this problem we propose CropTrack, a novel MOT framework based on the combination of appearance and motion information. CropTrack integrates a reranking-enhanced appearance association, a one-to-many association with appearance-based conflict resolution strategy, and an exponential moving average prototype feature bank to improve appearance-based association. Evaluated on publicly available agricultural MOT datasets, CropTrack demonstrates consistent identity preservation, outperforming traditional motion-based tracking methods. Compared to the state of the art, CropTrack achieves significant gains in association accuracy and identification precision scores with a lower number of identity switches.

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08.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.19795

Agentic Electronic Design Automation: A Handoff Perspective

作者:

Jiawei Liu↗Peiyi Han↗Yuntao Lu↗Su Zheng↗Fengyu Yan↗Bei Yu↗

arXiv:2606.19795v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Electronic design automation (EDA) is inherently multi-stage and handoff-heavy. Design artifacts, flow scripts, and engineering decisions cross tool, session, and organizational boundaries before final implementation, signoff, or release. Each transfer carries explicit and implicit requirements that may not be fully captured by stage-local checks. LLM-based agents now invoke EDA tools directly, embed retrieved knowledge in executable scripts, and hand off state across sessions and stages. Once their outputs condition downstream engineering decisions, the transferred object must satisfy a handoff contract and meet the assumptions of its next consumer. This survey introduces handoff validity as its organizing principle. A handoff is valid when the transferred object satisfies the consumer's acceptance conditions and carries sufficient context, evidence, and provenance for downstream use. We review 82 systems and classify them into three boundary classes. Stage-Bound systems establish validity within a single EDA stage or bounded verification task. Flow-Bound systems preserve coherent workflow state across tools, invocations, and sessions. Organization-Bound systems maintain source grounding, provenance, scope, and admissibility across knowledge and authority boundaries. For each class, we analyze handoff contracts, handoff objects, coordination mechanisms, and open questions. These analyses motivate a five-layer EDA agent communication protocol (EACP), covering the agent discovery, agent message, tool invocation, workflow orchestration, and security and IP protocols. We aim to provide a common vocabulary and research agenda for trustworthy agentic EDA.

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09.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.20369

CATCH-ME if you RAG: a dataset of Contextually Annotated multi-Turn Counterspeech against Hate and Misinformation Exchanges

作者:

Helena Bonaldi↗Genoveffa Martone↗Marco Guerini↗

Online hate speech and misinformation frequently overlap, yet NLP research has mainly treated them in isolation. While LLMs represent a scalable solution for assisting humans in the generation of counterspeech for both threats, zero-shot models frequently generate repetitive and vague responses, underscoring the need for high-quality examples to steer model generation. However, existing counterspeech datasets against the overlap of hate and misinformation are scarce and limited to single-turn English dialogues, while real-life interactions span across multiple turns and languages. To bridge this gap, we introduce the first large-scale, expert-curated, multilingual dataset of dialogues tackling the intersection of hate and misinformation. To ensure factual grounding, the dialogues are also anchored in verified external knowledge (i.e., fact-checking articles and NGO reports) and include document- and chunk-level span annotations, making it directly applicable for RAG systems. Covering five languages and targeting hate directed at seven marginalized groups, this novel resource enables the training and evaluation of more persuasive, factually grounded counterspeech models.

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10.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.14949

Initiation of Superradiance from Different Collective Spin States

作者:

Adnan Alabbar↗Zhenghao Zhang↗Girish S. Agarwal↗

arXiv:2606.14949v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Superradiance is an extensive cooperative spontaneous emission phenomenon. Some atomic collective spin states exhibit it. However, distinct initial states differ in their decay dynamics. Dicke states with different numbers of excitations have their peak emission intensity shifted in time depending on the number of excitations. Emission intensity in atomic coherent states depends on their polarization. Some specific states undergo a squeezing controlled crossover, making the emission character dependent on the amount of squeezing in the state. We present detailed results on the superradiant dynamics of a representative selection of Dicke states. For large N, we are able to predict fairly accurately the pulse profile in each case using the mean field approximation, an approach based on the Fokker Planck Equation. We also present results on the intensity correlation function of the emission.

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11.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.18658

On-Manifold Variational Learning with Heat-Kernel Priors

作者:

Jiarui Xing↗Tal Zeevi↗Nian Wu↗Jian Wang↗

Learning unsupervised representations of medical imaging cohorts can reveal clinically meaningful prototypes without expert labels, which are often noisy and fail to capture true pathological heterogeneity. However, existing deep latent-variable models estimate Gaussian mixture priors via Euclidean averaging, producing prototypes that drift off the curved data manifold and degenerate as the number of sub-populations grows. We propose a manifold-anchored variational framework built on a geometry-aware Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, whose M-step selects each sub-population prototype as the graph medoid with the highest diffusion centrality on a heat-kernel-weighted latent graph, ensuring that every prototype remains on-manifold. A Dirichlet energy regularizer enforces geometric smoothness of the latent space, and a per-sub-population uncertainty score enables label-free quality assessment. \rev{The manifold-anchored EM is a general-purpose geometric tool that extends standard EM and applies readily to other latent-variable models beyond this setting.} On cardiac scar and brain MRI benchmarks, our framework attains the highest accuracy among all compared methods, produces the sharpest prototypes reported to date, and remains stable at large sub-population counts where all baselines degenerate.

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12.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.24993

The Geometry of Sequential Learning: Lie-Bracket Prediction of Transfer Order

作者:

John Sweeney↗

arXiv:2606.24993v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sequential learning is order-dependent: from Pile-style next-token domain adaptation to instruction-SFT and DPO, N candidate sources induce N! possible curricula. We show that the local order effect is governed by a computable geometric quantity, the Lie-bracket commutator of gradient update fields, yielding a pairwise score for whether A->B or B->A is better for a target domain. The pairwise bracket primitive also defines a Lie-Bracket Tournament: with a shared theta_0 target-gradient reference, Hessian symmetry gives Borda/row-sum scores from one Hessian-vector product per source, O(N) dot products, and an O(N log N) sort, without materializing the O(N^2) edge matrix. Empirically, the planner reaches 98.1%/98.9% pairwise accuracy at k=1 for instruction-SFT/DPO, remains at 73.1%/72.2% at k=20, and preserves the original pretraining-domain evidence with 82.4-92.0% accuracy across four LLMs and 91.1% on diffusion. At curriculum scale, it recovers the best of all 3! schedules in 87.5% of trials, ranks 85 Stack programming-language source domains for a Python target in the 99th sampled percentile, and reaches the 99.0-99.6th sampled percentile on 56 MMLU subjects, sharply above the reported descending gradient-norm baseline. These results reframe sequential learning as a geometric tournament problem: commutators provide both local pairwise order information and a scalable primitive for many-domain schedules.

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13.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.18011

Fast Nonparametric Conditional Independence Testing via Two-Stage Regression

作者:

Eric V. Strobl↗

arXiv:2606.18011v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Constraint-based causal discovery relies on repeated conditional independence tests, but fast nonparametric tests often sacrifice calibration, especially when variables depend on the conditioning set through nonlinear relationships. We introduce BLITZ (Broad-to-Local Independence Testing via residualiZation), a nonparametric conditional independence test designed to run well under a second while maintaining the accuracy needed for the thousands of queries performed by constraint-based causal discovery algorithms. BLITZ first removes broad smooth dependence on the conditioning set using low-order polynomial regression, then applies a small nonlinear feature map and residualizes those features with shallow tree regressions. The resulting statistic tests residual cross-covariance, with a moment-matched chi-square approximation to the null distribution. We show theoretically that the two-stage design reduces the effective complexity faced by the tree residualizers, allowing shallow trees to control residual conditional-mean bias while avoiding excessive overfitting. In simulations, BLITZ provides better null calibration than fast kernel, random-feature, and regression-based competitors while remaining among the fastest methods tested. In causal discovery experiments on synthetic graphs and flow-cytometry data, BLITZ yields more reliable endpoint orientations among retained adjacencies and competitive structural recovery. These results suggest that broad-to-local residualization is a practical route to calibrated, scalable nonparametric conditional independence testing for causal discovery.

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14.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.26015

The Tatoxa System for Text Detoxification in Low-Resource Languages: The Case of Tatar

作者:

Ilseyar Alimova↗Bogdan Monogov↗Artyom Mazur↗Daniil Antonov↗Vsevolod Karimov↗Vitaliy Egorov↗Bulat Khakimov↗Alexander Panchenko↗

Text detoxification, the automated detection and mitigation of abusive and harmful content, is essential for ensuring the safety of online communities and protecting users. However, low resource languages such as Tatar have received little research attention. In this paper we present Tatoxa, a novel state-of-the-art system for text detoxification in the Tatar language. Comparative experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms existing open source and proprietary commercial LLMs on key quality metrics. We also introduce a new dataset for text detoxification in Tatar, designed for fine tuning and evaluation in low resource settings. Finally, cross lingual transfer experiments indicate that transfer from other languages, including the culturally close Russian, performs significantly worse than training on native Tatar data even when a large Russian corpus is available.

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15.

arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.19359

Extremal representations of functions of matrices and applications to multivariate prediction

作者:

Michael Frank↗Lutz Klotz↗Andreas Lasarow↗

arXiv:2606.19359v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Motivated by two seminal results of multivariate prediction theory by Helson and Lowdenslager and by Wiener and Masani we prove extremal representations of functions of matrices and derive their prediction-theoretic consequences. We also sketch a way to obtain matricial inequalities from our results. The main goal of the paper is the computation of the infimum of a set of values of the form $tr(A \Delta A^*)$, where $\Delta$ is a given non-negative Hermitian $n \times n$ matrix and the choices for $A$ exhauste a certain set of $n \times n$ matrices. In particular, we focus on norm-bounded unit spheres with certain types of properties of unitary invariance, what allows an application of the theory of majorization.

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16.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.18502

Towards Scalable Customization and Deployment of Multi-Agent Systems for Enterprise Applications

作者:

Paresh Dashore↗Shreyas Kulkarni↗Uttam Gurram↗Nadia Bathaee↗Kartik Balasubramaniam↗Genta Indra Winata↗Sambit Sahu↗Shi-Xiong Zhang↗

Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems demonstrate strong performance on complex reasoning and task execution, enabling broad enterprise applications. However, production deployment remains challenging due to domain-specific customization requirements and high latency and inference costs in agentic workflows. We propose a unified framework for customization and efficient deployment of multi-agent systems in real-world settings. The first stage, Agentic Model Customization, combines continual pretraining, supervised fine-tuning, and preference optimization to adapt a compact model to specialized domains while retaining strong agentic capabilities. The second stage, Inference Optimization, integrates speculative decoding and FP8 quantization with targeted calibration to enable cost-efficient serving with minimal quality loss. Across enterprise workloads, our framework enables rapid domain adaptation and achieves a 4.48x speedup in throughput while maintaining performance and improving robustness on long-tail scenarios.

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17.

Nature (Science) 2026-06-24 DOI: HASH:7de4970ddb50064211c19d526d16a20f

Optical cooling by interfacial charge transfer in 2D heterostructures

作者:

Jiamin Lin↗

Optical refrigeration, or laser cooling of solids1, offers a cryogen-free route to temperature control for quantum and electronic systems. Existing progress2–8 relies on a phonon-assisted up-conversion photoluminescence approach, which remains constrained by stringent material and excitation requirements. Here we demonstrate a distinct route, interfacial-charge-transfer-driven optical cooling, in two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures. Photo-excited carriers in WSe2 cross a type-II junction into MoSe2 or WS2, extracting lattice energy nonradiatively—through a phonon-assisted interfacial charge transfer process. Raman and photoluminescence measurements show prominent low-temperature signatures in the WSe2 layer, with transient absorption spectroscopy identifying a phonon-assisted, barrier-activated interlayer charge transfer. Molecular dynamics simulations show a prominent interfacial thermal resistance sustaining the temperature gradient. This barrier-mediated phonon extraction bypasses the need for near-unity quantum efficiency or resonant excitation, offering a promising strategy for cryogen-free refrigeration and thermal management in quantum, optoelectronic and nanoscale systems. Optical cooling in two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures is demonstrated through phonon-assisted interfacial charge transfer, enabling cryogen-free thermal management without stringent quantum-efficiency requirements.

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18.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2606.12702

Deployment-Centered Evaluation: Predicting Query-Level Rejection Risk in a Clinical LLM System

作者:

Alyssa Unell↗Miguel Fuentes↗Brenna Li↗Bridget Lin↗Meena Jagadeesan↗Sanmi Koyejo↗Nigam Shah↗

arXiv:2606.12702v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into clinical systems, making it essential to evaluate the real-world utility of these systems. However, static benchmarks tend to measure correctness rather than user acceptance, aggregate performance across queries, and require densely annotated datasets – leading to major blind spots for evaluating clinical systems. In this work, we perform a deployment-centered evaluation of an LLM system embedded within electronic health records at an academic medical center, where user feedback is sparse but closely reflects the deployment conditions. Specifically, we train a pre-response classifier that estimates the risk that a future interaction will result in the user rejecting the LLM response, based on query content and deployment-specific context available before generation. We conduct a prospective analysis of our model over 4.5 months of user feedback, finding that our prediction model achieves an AUROC of 0.719. Further, we estimate the benefit of such predictions in two downstream use cases (guardrail triggering and abstention). Our key conceptual insight is that making use of deployment-specific context (i.e., the provider type, department name, language model used for response), as opposed to only query content, improves the ability to predict whether the user will reject the system output. Altogether, our empirical case study demonstrates the feasibility of predicting user rejection using deployment-specific context, opening the door to targeted guardrails.

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19.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17121

Regularized Machine Learning for System Identification of Ship Free-Running Manoeuvres from CFD-Based Synthetic Data: A Comparative Study

作者:

R. F. Su\'arez↗J. C. Berndt↗M. Abdel-Maksoud↗

arXiv:2606.17121v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This study investigates supervised machine learning techniques for identifying ship hydrodynamic coefficients from CFD-generated data from free-running simulations. Specifically, ordinary least squares and regularized regression methods are applied to Abkowitz-type manoeuvring models. Training and validation datasets are derived from URANS simulations of zig-zag and turning circle manoeuvres, which are validated against experimental benchmark data. The analysis evaluates the effects of coefficient set size, minimum training length required for predictive model training, and manoeuvre combinations on model performance. Results demonstrate the suitability of large-angle zig-zag manoeuvres for hydrodynamic system identification, provided that multicollinearity is addressed through appropriate coefficient selection, regression models, or input data variability. Larger coefficient sets offer greater model flexibility for variable conditions but are more prone to multicollinearity. Regularized regression techniques effectively mitigate multicollinearity and notably enhance prediction accuracy, as does incorporating more diverse manoeuvring data. Among tested models, Ridge regression provided the best compromise between computational efficiency and prediction accuracy.

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20.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.13940

Can Post-Training Turn LLMs into Good Medical Coders? An Empirical Study of Generative ICD Coding

作者:

Ziqing Wang↗Weihao Li↗Shijie Chen↗Yuan Luo↗Kaize Ding↗

Automated International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding is a core medical-coding task for billing, epidemiology, and clinical decision support. Generative large language models (LLMs) are often reported as weak medical coders, but this finding mainly comes from inference-time settings such as prompting, retrieval, reranking, or tool use, leaving the role of task-specific post-training underexplored. We present a controlled empirical study of post-training for generative ICD coding, comparing discriminative baselines with LLM coders across prompting, supervised fine-tuning, and reinforcement learning under a common protocol and metric set. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate RL-based post-training for generative LLM coders in ICD coding. We further introduce PHI, a diagnostic curriculum that extends GRPO to refine missed-code cases. Our results show that prompting-only evaluation substantially underestimates the potential of LLMs for ICD coding. SFT provides the main capability jump, GRPO further improves code-set prediction beyond SFT, and PHI provides targeted gains on macro-level performance. These findings suggest that the main bottleneck is not the generative formulation alone, but how the model is adapted and optimized for full-taxonomy recall. We release our code, data splits, and checkpoints at https://github.com/AlexandreWANG915/LLM4ICD.

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21.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2606.13276

Different Layers, Different Manifolds: Module-Wise Weight-Space Geometry in Transformer Optimization

作者:

Kirato Yoshihara↗

arXiv:2606.13276v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Weight-space geometry plays a central role in neural network optimization, yet manifold constraints are often applied uniformly across all weight matrices. In this work, we ask whether different transformer modules prefer different manifold geometries. We study Manifold Muon for GPT-2 pretraining and compare layer-wise assignments of Stiefel and DGram constraints across attention and MLP blocks. Our results show a clear asymmetry: constraining attention layers with Stiefel geometry while assigning DGram geometry to MLP layers gives the best performance among the tested configurations, whereas the inverted assignment and all-DGram configuration become unstable under the shared hyperparameter setting. We trace this failure to singular value growth in DGram-constrained attention weights, which can amplify attention logits and induce softmax saturation. These findings suggest that symmetry-aware and geometry-aware optimization for transformers should be module-specific rather than uniform.

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22.

medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-24 DOI: HASH:caece6ee14cac61ca90541f7030df3e6

Genetically Proxied Interleukin-6 Inhibition and Cancer Risk: A Multi-Ancestry Drug-Target Mendelian Randomization Study of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer

作者:

Ranjha↗M. M. A↗Munir↗

Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) signalling drives chronic inflammation and is therapeutically targeted by tocilizumab, an approved IL-6 receptor inhibitor. Whether genetically proxied lifelong IL-6 inhibition causally influences the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unanswered. Prior single-variant estimates from pooled observational data are methodologically limited and may reflect confounding. Methods: A two-sample drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted. Four independent cis-acting protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) variants within the IL6 and IL6R gene loci (rs2228145, rs4129267, rs7529229, rs1800795) were selected as genetic instruments , with F-statistics ranging from 32.3 to 120.5, confirming instrument strength. Outcome data were obtained from four independent genome-wide association studies: HCC from BioBank Japan (BBJ; 1,866 cases, 195,745 controls), HCC from FinnGen Release 10 (674 cases, 218,118 controls), CRC from a European meta-analysis (19,948 cases, 12,124 controls), and CRC from BBJ (7,062 cases, 195,745 controls). Causal estimates were derived using inverse variance weighted (IVW) regression as the primary method, with MR-Egger and weighted median analyses as sensitivity methods. Cochran Q statistics assessed heterogeneity and MR-Egger intercept testing assessed directional pleiotropy. Results: Genetically proxied IL-6 inhibition showed no significant causal effect on HCC risk in East Asian populations (IVW odds ratio [OR] 0.997, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.903 to 1.101, p=0.953) or European populations (IVW OR 0.984, 95% CI 0.802 to 1.208, p=0.880). Similarly, no causal effect was observed on CRC risk in European populations (IVW OR 1.015, 95% CI 0.957 to 1.075, p=0.623) or East Asian populations (IVW OR 0.999, 95% CI 0.948 to 1.052, p=0.971). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the absence of directional pleiotropy and heterogeneity across all four analyses. Leave-one-out analyses demonstrated that no single instrument drove the null findings. Conclusions: Genetically proxied IL-6 receptor inhibition, modelling the therapeutic effect of tocilizumab, showed no causal effect on HCC or CRC risk across four independent cohorts and two ancestries. These findings do not support a role for IL-6 pathway inhibition in the prevention of these cancers and provide reassuring genetic safety evidence regarding cancer risk in patients receiving tocilizumab. Larger HCC-specific GWAS are needed to definitively evaluate modest effects in this cancer type.

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23.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2605.20183

MSAVBench: Towards Comprehensive and Reliable Evaluation of Multi-Shot Audio-Video Generation

作者:

Yujie Wei↗Yujin Han↗Zhekai Chen↗Yongming Li↗Kaixun Jiang↗Zhihang Liu↗Quanhao Li↗Zhiwu Qing↗Xiang Wang↗Zhen Xing↗Ruihang Chu↗Lingyi Hong↗…

Video generation is rapidly evolving from single-shot synthesis to complex multi-shot audio-video (MSAV) narratives to meet real-world demands. However, evaluating such frontier models remains a fundamental challenge. Existing benchmarks are limited in scope and data diversity, and rely on rigid evaluation pipelines, preventing systematic and reliable assessment of modern MSAV models. To bridge these gaps, we introduce MSAVBench, the first comprehensive benchmark and adaptive hybrid evaluation framework for multi-shot audio-video generation. Our benchmark spans four key dimensions, video, audio, shot, and reference, covering diverse task settings, varying shot counts of up to 15, and challenging non-realistic scenarios. Our evaluation framework improves robustness through an adaptive self-correction mechanism for shot segmentation, instance-wise rubrics for subjective metrics, and tool-grounded evidence extraction for complex judgments. Furthermore, MSAVBench achieves high alignment with human judgments, reaching a Spearman rank correlation of 91.5%. Our systematic evaluation of 19 state-of-the-art closed- and open-source models shows that current systems still struggle with director-level control and fine-grained audio-visual synchronization, while modular or agentic generation pipelines offer a promising path toward narrowing the gap between open- and closed-source models. The benchmark data and evaluation code are publicly available at https://github.com/ali-vilab/MSAVBench.

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24.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.25394

FactorLibrary: From Polynomials to Circuits via Recursive Subgoals

作者:

Rohan Pandey↗Michael Ruofan Zeng↗Weikun K. Zhang↗Kaijie Jin↗Naomi Morato↗Archit Ganapule↗Bhaumik Mehta↗Jarod Alper↗

arXiv:2606.25394v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Finding minimal arithmetic circuits for polynomials over finite fields is a combinatorially hard problem central to algebraic complexity theory. We formulate it as a reinforcement learning problem in two directions, bottom-up and top-down. To address the challenge of a fast-growing combinatorial search space, we introduce FactorLibrary, which stores factorizable subexpressions that serve as reusable subgoals across training episodes. We trained a bottom-up agent with Gumbel-PPO-MCTS and two top-down agents with PPO+MCTS and SAC. The PPO+MCTS top-down agent exhibited the most stable performance, finding certified optimal circuits up to complexity $8$ with a success rate of $91.8\%$.

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25.

bioRxiv (Bioinfo) 2026-06-11 DOI: HASH:828a84be96cebf52d1367e66348c076f

SPARK: A Systems-level Computational Framework for Reconstructing Transcriptomic State Organisation in Lung Adenocarcinoma

作者:

Kulkarni↗Sengupta↗Kumar↗

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibits substantial molecular heterogeneity, which complicates tumour stratification and limits the ability of mutation-centric models to capture tumour behaviour and predict patient outcomes. This study investigates whether coordinated transcriptomic programs can provide a systems-level representation of tumour states. Bulk RNA-sequencing data from the TCGA-LUAD cohort were analysed to reconstruct pathway-level transcriptomic organisation using a stability-optimised network framework (SPARK). This analysis identified eight transcriptomic modules representing coordinated biological processes active across tumours. Module activity scores were subsequently used to derive a composite Transcriptomic Risk Score through elastic-net Cox proportional hazards modelling. The resulting risk score showed a significant association with overall survival in the discovery cohort and improved prognostic discrimination beyond clinical variables. An independent evaluation in the CPTAC-LUAD cohort confirmed the prognostic signal and preserved risk stratification across patient groups. Unsupervised clustering of module activity further revealed three transcriptomic patient groups characterised by distinct biological programs, genomic alteration patterns, and survival outcomes. Single-cell analysis also demonstrated that the identified transcriptomic modules reflect coordinated organisation of the tumour-immune-stromal ecosystem across cellular compartments. Together, these findings suggest that LUAD heterogeneity can be organised into coordinated transcriptomic programs with measurable clinical relevance, providing a systems-level framework for representing tumour molecular states.

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