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02.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-15

Is ChatGPT Fair for Recommendation? Evaluating Fairness in Large Language Model Recommendation

作者:
Jizhi Zhang↗Keqin Bao↗Yang Zhang↗Wenjie Wang↗Fuli Feng↗Xiangnan He↗

The remarkable achievements of Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to the emergence of a novel recommendation paradigm – Recommendation via LLM (RecLLM). Nevertheless, it is important to note that LLMs may contain social prejudices, and therefore, the fairness of recommendations made by RecLLM requires further investigation. To avoid the potential risks of RecLLM, it is imperative to evaluate the fairness of RecLLM with respect to various sensitive attributes on the user side. Due to the differences between the RecLLM paradigm and the traditional recommendation paradigm, it is problematic to directly use the fairness benchmark of traditional recommendation. To address the dilemma, we propose a novel benchmark called Fairness of Recommendation via LLM (FaiRLLM). This benchmark comprises carefully crafted metrics and a dataset that accounts for eight sensitive attributes1 in two recommendation scenarios: music and movies. By utilizing our FaiRLLM benchmark, we conducted an evaluation of ChatGPT and discovered that it still exhibits unfairness to some sensitive attributes when generating recommendations. Our code and dataset can be found at https://github.com/jizhi-zhang/FaiRLLM.

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03.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-24

AerialFusionMapNet: Online HD Map Construction with Aerial-Onboard BEV Fusion

作者:
Daniel Lengerer↗Mathias Pechinger↗Klaus Bogenberger↗Carsten Markgraf↗

High-resolution aerial imagery has recently emerged as a complementary modality for automated driving perception and has shown potential to improve birds-eye-view (BEV) scene understanding when fused with onboard sensors. Prior work demonstrated performance gains for online high-definition (HD) map construction through aerial-onboard fusion; however, conventional end-to-end fusion does not fully exploit the structural information contained in aerial representations. In this work, we introduce AerialFusionMapNet, a fusion-based mapping framework with a structured two-stage training strategy that explicitly enhances the contribution of aerial features within a unified pipeline. The proposed training scheme enables more effective integration of structural aerial priors. On the nuScenes geographic split, AerialFusionMapNet achieves up to 54.7 mAP, improving over prior aerial-onboard fusion baselines from 48.8 mAP by +5.9 absolute and +12.1% relative. The results suggest that structured training design, rather than increased architectural complexity, plays a more decisive role in unlocking the full potential of aerial imagery for online HD map construction. Code and trained models are available at https://github.com/DriverlessMobility/AerialFusionMapNet.

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04.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16

SLUM-i: Semi-supervised Learning for Urban Mapping of Informal Settlements and Data Quality Benchmarking

作者:
Muhammad Taha Mukhtar↗Syed Musa Ali Kazmi↗Khola Naseem↗Muhammad Ali Chattha↗Andreas Dengel↗Sheraz Ahmed↗Muhammad Naseer Bajwa↗Muhammad Imran Malik↗

Rapid urban expansion has fueled the growth of informal settlements in major cities of low- and middle-income countries, with Lahore and Karachi in Pakistan and Mumbai in India serving as prominent examples. However, large-scale mapping of these settlements is severely constrained not only by the scarcity of annotations but by inherent data quality challenges, specifically high spectral ambiguity between formal and informal structures and significant annotation noise. We address this by introducing a benchmark dataset for Lahore, constructed from scratch, along with companion datasets for Karachi and Mumbai, which were derived from verified administrative boundaries, totaling approximately 900 $km^2$ of urban area. This collection is supplemented by four cities from prior literature across Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, with comprehensive data quality assessments provided for each city. We also propose a semi-supervised segmentation framework designed to mitigate the class imbalance and distribution mismatch inherent in standard semi-supervised learning pipelines. Our method integrates a Class-Aware Adaptive Thresholding mechanism that dynamically adjusts confidence thresholds to prevent minority class suppression, and a DINOv2-based unlabeled pool filter that removes out-of-distribution tiles prior to training to reduce covariate shift. Extensive experiments across seven cities spanning three continents, repeated over five random seeds, demonstrate gains of up to +5.9 pp mIoU over state-of-the-art semi-supervised baselines, with both components being architecture-agnostic and adding no inference overhead.

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05.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16

daVinci-kernel: Co-Evolving Skill Selection, Summarization, and Utilization via RL for GPU Kernel Optimization

作者:
Dayuan Fu↗Mohan Jiang↗Tongyu Wang↗Dian Yang↗Jiarui Hu↗Liming Liu↗Jinlong Hou↗Pengfei Li↗

GPU kernel optimization represents a paradigm where functional correctness is assumed and execution efficiency is the objective. We present daVinci-kernel, a reinforcement learning framework that couples skill discovery with skill exploitation through a dynamically evolving skill library. daVinci-kernel jointly trains three agents sharing one LLM backbone: a Skill Selection Agent that retrieves relevant techniques via BM25 and LLM reranking, a Policy Agent that generates multi-turn CUDA/Triton kernels conditioned on selected skills, and a Skill Summary Agent that distills successful rollouts into reusable skills. Candidate skills are added only after execution-based verification confirms reproducible speedups. All three agents share a single LLM backbone, are initialized via a structured SFT cold start on diversity-filtered data, and are then jointly optimized end-to-end with multi-turn REINFORCE and per-agent advantage estimation. On KernelBench, daVinci-kernel-14B achieves 37.2%, 70.6%, and 32.2% on Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 under the Fast$_1$ threshold, outperforming the strongest prior RL-trained model, Dr.Kernel-14B.

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06.
Nature Medicine 2026-06-25

Teclistamab-based induction treatment in transplant-eligible, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a phase 2 trial

作者:
Marc S. Raab↗

Advancements in frontline therapies have substantially improved outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM); however, many patients will not achieve deep responses and will relapse. Teclistamab, a BCMA×CD3 bispecific antibody, in combination with daratumumab, has demonstrated strong efficacy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma versus standard of care as early as first relapse. This ongoing phase 2 GMMG-HD10/DSMM-XX (MajesTEC-5) study evaluates teclistamab-based regimens in transplant-eligible NDMM. In this prespecified pooled analysis of three cohorts, 49 patients received teclistamab/daratumumab/lenalidomide (Tec-DR; arms A and A1) or Tec-DR with bortezomib (Tec-DVR; arm B). Primary endpoints were incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs; secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity and MRD-negative complete response (CR). The current analysis spans the induction and autologous stem cell transplantation phases until the premaintenance timepoint. Grade 3 or 4 treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs) occurred in 91.8% (45/49); most were hematologic (lymphopenia (59.2%; 29/49), neutropenia (59.2%; 29/49) and leukopenia (18.4%; 9/49)). No grade 5 TEAEs were reported. Serious AEs occurred in 55.1% (27/49); pyrexia (12.2% (6/49)) was most common. Any-grade and grade 3 or 4 infections occurred in 81.6% (40/49) and 36.7% (18/49), respectively, the most common grade 3 or 4 infections being COVID-19 and pneumonia (6.1% (3/49) each). Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 67.3% (33/49); all were grade 1 or 2, all resolved and none led to discontinuation of any study treatment. No treatment-related immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) events occurred. Across arms, the MRD-negative CR rate was 91.8% (45/49) by the premaintenance timepoint; the MRD negativity rate was 100% in evaluable samples at postinduction cycle 3 (1 × 10−5 (46/46)), cycle 6 (1 × 10−5 (46/46) and 1 × 10−6 (46/46)) and premaintenance (1 × 10−5 (40/40)); the ORR was 100% (49/49). Total median stem cell yield was 8.1 × 106 per kg. Data support the feasibility of Tec-D(V)R induction in transplant-eligible NDMM, with a consistent safety profile compared with individual regimen components and notable early MRD negativity rates. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05695508 . In the ongoing phase 2 GMMG-HD10/DSMM-XX (MajesTEC-5) trial in patients with transplant-eligible, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, induction with the BCMA×CD3 bispecific engager teclistamab in combination with daratumumab plus lenalidomide, with or without bortezomib, had a similar toxicity profile to other bispecific regimens with an encouraging and deep response rate.

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07.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-12

Quantum Error Correction Codes for Truncated SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theories

作者:
Xiaojun Yao↗

arXiv:2511.13721v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We construct two quantum error correction codes for pure SU(2) lattice gauge theory in the electric basis truncated at the electric flux $j_max=1/2$, which are applicable on quasi-1D plaquette chains, 2D honeycomb and 3D triamond and hyperhoneycomb lattices. The first code converts Gauss's law at each vertex into a stabilizer while the second only uses half of the vertices and is locally the carbon code. Both codes are able to correct single-qubit errors. The electric and magnetic terms in the SU(2) Hamiltonian are expressed in terms of logical gates in both codes. The logical-gate Hamiltonian in the first code exactly matches the spin Hamiltonian for gauge singlet states found in previous work.

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08.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-11

On the Limits of LLM-as-Judge for Scientific Novelty Assessment

作者:
Soumitra Sinhahajari↗Navonil Majumder↗Soujanya Poria↗

arXiv:2606.12071v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLMs are increasingly used to generate and judge scientific ideas. This makes novelty evaluation a central problem. Full idea evaluation is difficult because it often requires judging a method, its feasibility, and its empirical promise. We therefore study a cleaner upstream object: the research question (RQ). RQ generation is a prerequisite for scientific ideation, and RQs can be compared against questions pursued in real papers. We introduce RQ-Bench, a benchmark built from recent arXiv papers. For each paper, we reconstruct author-anchored RQs from its cited background, gaps, and contributions. These RQs are not the only valid questions for the same background. They are author-anchored reference points for testing novelty judgments. We evaluate model-generated RQs with standalone LLM judging, comparative LLM judging, and human expert evaluation. LLM judges consistently rate model-generated RQs as highly novel, producing a novelty mirage; in comparative evaluations, this preference becomes even stronger. Domain experts, however, reach the opposite conclusion and prefer the author-anchored reference questions. We further find that many generated RQs are narrow or source-bound, a dimension that LLM judges often miss unless explicitly tested. Overall, the contradictory novelty evaluations between LLM judges and human experts raise a serious concern about the reliability of using LLMs to assess the scientific novelty of research questions.

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09.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-12

M\"OVE: A Holistic LLM Benchmark for the German Public Sector

作者:
Camilla Dalerci↗Thilo Michael↗Robin Schaefer↗Daniel Weinland↗

We present M\"OVE (Modelle für die \"Offentliche Verwaltung Evaluieren), a holistic benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in the context of the German public sector. While LLMs are increasingly adopted in public administration, model selection remains largely ad hoc, and existing benchmarks offer limited guidance: they are predominantly English-centric, US-centric in content, and focus exclusively on task performance. M\"OVE addresses these gaps by evaluating 39 models across two complementary dimensions. Performance criteria cover summarization, question answering, and topic extraction. Governance criteria assess hallucination tendencies, energy consumption, provider transparency, and alignment with German constitutional values and knowledge about positions by German political parties. In total, we utilize ten German-language datasets, including gold- and silverstandard datasets that we constructed to reflect public-administration domains. We employ a multi-metric evaluation strategy combining classical NLP metrics, embedding-based methods, and LLM-as-a-judge approaches. Our results show that no single model dominates across all criteria: top performers differ between tasks, and model size alone is a poor predictor of quality. We further evaluate the benchmark itself, analyzing its statistical precision, LLM judge reliability, the impact of our private datasets on model rankings, the sensitivity of our results to prompt formulation, and the validity of our energy consumption estimates. M\"OVE is designed as a living benchmark under active development; results are publicly available at https://moeve.bundesdruckerei.de/.

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10.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16

Agent Economics: An Entropy-Controlled Pluralistic Alignment Framework for Preventing Artificial Hivemind in Autonomous Agents

作者:
Cheonsu Jeong↗

arXiv:2606.09039v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This study proposes the Behavioral Protocol Framework (BPF), an entropy-controlled pluralistic alignment framework designed to address two critical challenges in autonomous agent economies: the hivemind effect arising from excessive strategic convergence among agents and the lack of transparency in autonomous decision-making processes. The proposed BPF consists of three core modules: Mentalizing-based Social Intelligence (MbSI) grounded in Theory of Mind (ToM), Pluralistic Alignment (PA), and a Verifiable Execution Kernel (VEK). These modules are organically integrated within a closed-loop architecture that governs the entire lifecycle of agent behavior, from decision-making and execution to verification and feedback. To evaluate the proposed framework, a simulation environment implemented in Python and a Streamlit-based user interface will be developed. Through empirical experimentation, the study aims to examine whether the entropy-control mechanism of the PA module can effectively preserve strategic diversity among agents and mitigate collective convergence, while the VEK module provides a comprehensive and transparent audit trail of the decision-making process. The anticipated results are expected to demonstrate that the proposed framework can simultaneously enhance the stability, efficiency, and trustworthiness of autonomous agent economies. Consequently, this research offers a practical approach for developing robust, transparent, and accountable agent-native economic systems.

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11.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-19

LLM Doesn't Know What It Doesn't Know: Detecting Epistemic Blind Spots via Cross-Model Attribution Divergence on Clinical Tabular Data

作者:
Akshat Dasula↗Prasanna Desikan↗Jaideep Srivastava↗

arXiv:2606.19509v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to structured clinical data, yet whether they can recognize the limits of their own knowledge on such tasks remains unexplored. We study this question through the lens of cross-model attribution divergence with the goal of reducing epistemic uncertainty for structured tasks, comparing Qwen 2.5 7B and XGBoost on a prediction task via attribution divergence analysis. We report four findings. First, LLM verbalized confidence is epistemically vacuous, it outputs a near-constant (0.856-0.937) regardless of whether accuracy is 49% or 75.3%, tracking prompt format rather than prediction quality. Second, the LLM exhibits an inverse difficulty effect: accuracy drops to 64.8% when XGBoost is 99% correct, but matches XGBoost (73.8% vs. 73.1%) when it is moderately uncertain. Third, few-shot examples and SHAP-derived feature evidence are orthogonal, super-additive interventions: they reduce the Attribution Disagreement Score (ADS) from 1.54 to 0.38 and improve accuracy from 49% to 75.3% without training. Fourth, a cross-model calibrator that determined LLM reliability using attribution divergence signals reduces expected calibration error from 0.254 to 0.080, replacing uninformative verbalized confidence with patient-specific reliability estimates, without accessing model internals or requiring repeated inference. We frame these findings as a cold start problem for LLMs on structured data and outline a path toward genuine epistemic self-awareness.

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12.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-11

Mixed-State Topological Order under Coherent Noise

作者:
Seunghun Lee↗Eun-Gook Moon↗

arXiv:2411.03441v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Mixed-state phases of matter under local decoherence have recently garnered significant attention due to the ubiquitous presence of noise in current quantum processors. One of the key issues is understanding how topological quantum memory is affected by realistic coherent noise, such as random rotation noise and amplitude-damping noise. In this work, we investigate the intrinsic error threshold of the two-dimensional toric code (TC), a paradigmatic topological quantum memory, under these types of coherent noise by employing both analytical and numerical methods based on the doubled-Hilbert-space formalism. A connection between the mixed-state phase of the decohered TC and a non-Hermitian Ashkin-Teller-type statistical-mechanics model is established, and the mixed-state phase diagrams under the coherent noise are obtained. We find remarkable stability of mixed-state topological order under random rotation noise with axes near the $Y$-axis of qubits. We also identify intriguing extended critical regions at the phase boundaries, highlighting a connection with non-Hermitian physics. We argue that these phase boundaries provide upper bounds for the intrinsic error threshold, beyond which quantum error correction becomes impossible. We complement these findings by estimating the error thresholds for random rotation noise under standard quantum error correction, thereby providing lower bounds on the intrinsic error threshold.

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13.
Nature Medicine 2026-06-24

Automated reanalysis of genomic data for rare disease diagnostics at scale

作者:
Matthew J. Welland↗

Reanalysis of genomic data in rare disease is highly effective in increasing diagnostic yields but remains limited by manual approaches. Automation and optimization for high specificity will be necessary to ensure scalability, adoption and sustainability of iterative reanalysis. We developed Talos, an open-source tool that automates variant prioritization by integrating dynamically updated gene−disease and variant-level evidence with inheritance-aware filtering and validated its performance using data from 1,089 individuals with rare disease. Trio-based analysis identified 90% of known diagnoses, returning 1.3 variants per case on average. Variant burden reduced to one variant per 200 cases on iterative monthly reanalysis. Application to an unselected cohort of 4,735 undiagnosed individuals identified 241 diagnoses (5.1% yield): 78 (32%) due to new gene−disease relationships, 54 (22%) due to new variant-level evidence and 109 (45%) due to improved analysis strategies. Our automated, iterative reanalysis model demonstrates the feasibility of delivering frequent, systematic reanalysis at scale. Talos, a new tool for the automated analysis of genomic data, demonstrates the feasibility and diagnostic utility of systematic reanalyses of data in rare diseases.

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14.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16

FEnc$^2$: Unifying Data Packing for Efficient Private Inference via Convolution and Architecture-Aware Fragment Encoding

作者:
Ran Ran↗Zhaoting Gong↗Nuo Xu↗Yuanchao Xu↗Fan Yao↗Wujie Wen↗

arXiv:2606.16359v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables privacy-preserving machine learning but incurs extreme computational and memory overhead. These costs come not only from expensive low-level primitives, including Number Theoretic Transform (NTT), rotation, and key-switching, but also from inefficient ciphertext packing at the application level. Existing packing strategies typically preserve either neighboring data elements or feature grouping, but not both, leading to wasted ciphertext slots, excessive rotations, and inflated ciphertext counts. We propose FEnc2, a unified and principled fragment-based encoding framework for CKKS-based private convolutional neural network inference. FEnc2 optimizes slot utilization, rotation complexity, and ciphertext density through two components: 1)Conv-aware Encoding, which analytically selects an optimal fragment size to decouple spatial dependencies and jointly minimize inner-outer rotations across layers, and 2)Arch-aware Ct Compression, which restores ciphertext density after feature- or channel-reduction layers. Together, these transformations reshape encrypted workload structure and reduce homomorphic operations by one to two orders of magnitude. With full memory capacity utilized, i.e., at maximum batch size, FEnc2 achieves end-to-end latency speedups over the state-of-the-art Orion of up to 228.83x on GPU and 226.06x on CPU for LeNet on MNIST, and up to 4.55x on GPU and 9.43x on CPU for MobileNet on ImageNet. FEnc2 is hardware-agnostic yet architecturally transformative: by optimizing encrypted tensor layout before execution, it reduces ciphertext count and workload pressure on hardware, complementing primitive-level optimizations such as NTT and keyswitch accelerators. These results show that application-level data layout is a first-order architectural design dimension for encrypted inference and an important enabler for next-generation FHE systems.

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15.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-12

Beyond Problem Solving: UOJ-Bench for Evaluating Code Generation, Hacking, and Repair in Competitive Programming

作者:
Tingqiang Xu↗Hangrui Zhou↗Tianle Cai↗Alex Gu↗Kaifeng Lyu↗

arXiv:2606.12864v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Despite strong performance in competitive programming, the role of Large Language Models (LLMs) in supporting human learning in the same setting remains largely unexplored. In this work, we introduce UOJ-Bench, a benchmark designed to evaluate not only the problem-solving ability of LLMs, but also their ability to identify errors in human-written code – a crucial educational activity traditionally supported by running test cases over online judge systems. UOJ-Bench consists of three distinct tasks: code generation, code hacking, and code repair, all constructed from real-world code submissions on the Universal Online Judge (UOJ) and evaluated through UOJ's native judging infrastructure. Our results show that under one-shot evaluation, even the strongest models fail to identify errors in more than 50% of a set of submissions that have been found to be incorrect by UOJ users. While test-time scaling improves success rates to above 90%, the substantial computational costs incurred from model inference limit its practicality for large-scale deployment. Despite these limitations, we find that the best-performing models under test-time scaling can uncover errors in over 5% of full-score submissions across roughly 30 problems, suggesting that frontier LLMs can already provide complementary signals beyond standard judging systems.

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16.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-24

Genetic overlap with schizophrenia and Parkinson's reveals psychomotor basis of physical activity

作者:
van der Walt↗Shadrin↗Tesfaye↗van der Meer↗Andreassen↗Rokicki↗Campbell↗

Background Physical activity levels are altered across neuropsychiatric disorders. While these traits are heritable, the genetic overlap between normal variation in activity levels and neuropsychiatric disorders that involve motor dysfunction such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unexplored. Objectives To investigate the genetic overlap between physical activity, schizophrenia, and PD. Methods Multi-Trait Analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) was used to boost the GWAS power for objectively measured physical activity (n=89,683) by leveraging three GWAS of self-reported activity (n=124,842-377,234). Genetic overlap between the activity, schizophrenia and PD was characterized using linkage disequilibrium score regression, causal mixture modeling, and local genetic correlations. Pleiotropic variants were identified using the conjunctional false discovery rate, annotated to genes, and investigated for enrichment of biological processes, tissue types and association with GWAS-catalog traits. Results Genetic correlations of physical activity with schizophrenia and PD were negligible (rg=-0.02-0.02, p>0.05), but polygenic overlap was substantial, reflecting mixed effect directions. We identified 32 independent variants shared with schizophrenia and 11 with PD, including CRHR1, MAPT and KANSL1 within the 17q21.31 region. Schizophrenia-shared variants mapped to genes differentially expressed in subcortical regions, especially amygdala and basal ganglia. Gene-set analyses revealed enrichment for mental health and cognitive-behavioural traits (schizophrenia-shared genes) versus structural brain phenotypes and neurodegenerative disorders (PD-shared genes). Conclusions Despite negligible genetic correlations, physical activity shares substantial genetic architecture with schizophrenia and PD. Shared genes implicated brain regions and traits spanning motor and cognitive-affective function, consistent with the psychomotor nature of physical activity.

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17.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-19

HEPTv2: End-to-End Efficient Point Transformer for Charged Particle Reconstruction

作者:
Siqi Miao↗Shitij Govil↗Jack P. Rodgers↗Mia Liu↗Javier Duarte↗Shih-Chieh Hsu↗Yuan-Tang Chou↗Pan Li↗

arXiv:2606.20437v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Charged-particle tracking – reconstructing trajectories from sparse detector measurements – is a fundamental high-energy-physics inference problem and a canonical example of learning under extreme combinatorial ambiguity. At the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), tracking must remain accurate and efficient despite unprecedented collision densities. Graph neural networks perform strongly, but incur substantial costs from graph construction and processing, while transformer-based approaches rely on auxiliary stages that prevent end-to-end optimization. To address this, we present HEPTv2, an end-to-end point-transformer architecture that reconstructs tracks from detector hits in one trainable pipeline. HEPTv2 combines a locality-aware point encoder with a track decoder that predicts complete trajectories without graph-building, clustering, or filtering. The encoder uses locality-sensitive hashing in detector coordinate space to preserve tracking-relevant geometry while enabling efficient local attention. The decoder resolves ambiguities through sectorized decoding and direct hit-to-track prediction under joint encoder-decoder supervision, allowing the full pipeline to be optimized end-to-end. On TrackML, HEPTv2 achieves 98.6% double-majority tracking efficiency at a 0.8% fake rate, while requiring only $\sim$15~ms inference time and 0.4~GB peak memory per event on a NVIDIA A100 GPU. Latency and memory scale approximately linearly for events with up to $5\times10^5$ hits. HEPTv2 establishes a new state of the art in the accuracy-latency trade-off, improving efficiency by 4.5% over the strongest prior transformer and by 1.1–2.2% over optimized graph-based pipelines, while reducing latency by factors of 7 and 38–52, respectively. These results show end-to-end transformers can deliver the accuracy and efficiency required for real-time particle reconstruction at the HL-LHC.

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19.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-12

Quantizing Time-Series Models As Dynamical Systems: Trajectory-Based Quantization Sensitivity Score

作者:
Mariya Pavlova↗Harrison Bo Hua Zhu↗Elizsveta Semenova↗Yingzhen Li↗

arXiv:2606.13300v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce the Trajectory-based Quantization Sensitivity Score (TQS), a metric that reframes post-training quantization (PTQ) through the lens of dynamical-systems stability. By modeling the network's rollout as a discrete-time dynamical system, TQS characterizes how quantization-induced errors propagate and amplify over the rollout horizon. Unlike conventional PTQ methods, where sensitivity analysis is often coupled to the quantization procedure, TQS enables a priori sensitivity estimation decoupled from quantizer selection and bit-width assignment. This separation allows for quantization budget planning even for black-box or compiled networks with fused operators. Building on this, we present TQS-PTQ, a flexible mixed-precision framework that requires no calibration data or costly second-order approximations. Our experiments show that a dynamical-systems perspective provides a robust, high-performing pathway for low-precision deployment in resource-constrained settings.

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20.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16

Consensus-based Agentic Large Language Model Framework for Harmonized Tariff Schedule Code Classification

作者:
Truong Thanh Hung Nguyen↗Khanh Van Quynh Nguyen↗Hoang-Loc Cao↗Tri Duong↗Phuc Ho↗Van Pham↗Loc Nguyen↗Hung Cao↗

arXiv:2606.16987v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) code classification is essential for customs clearance, duty assessment, trade statistics, and regulatory compliance in maritime logistics. However, exact HTS classification remains challenging because product descriptions are often short, incomplete, or ambiguous, while correct classification depends on hierarchical tariff structures, legal notes, and jurisdiction-specific rules. This paper proposes an agentic large language model (LLM) framework for Canadian 10-digit HTS code classification in smart-port and maritime logistics environments. The framework integrates multi-agent information retrieval, semantic retrieval over official tariff documents, evidence-grounded reasoning, consensus-based validation, element-wise voting across hierarchical code components, confidence estimation, and human-in-the-loop escalation. We evaluate the framework on a private dataset of 3,300 domain-expert-labeled product records collected from logistics and delivery contexts. Experimental results show that exact 10-digit classification remains difficult even for advanced LLMs, with performance decreasing from coarse chapter-level prediction to fine-grained tariff and statistical suffix assignment. These findings demonstrate the need for evidence-grounded, uncertainty-aware, and human-centered classification workflows rather than fully autonomous single-step prediction. The proposed framework supports more interpretable, accountable, and compliance-oriented HTS classification for maritime logistics and smart-port operations. Our code is available at https://github.com/Analytics-Everywhere-Lab/hts.

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21.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-17

Belief-Space Control for Personalized Cancer Treatment via Active Inference

作者:
Deniz Sargun↗H. Bugra Tulay↗C. Emre Koksal↗

arXiv:2606.10376v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Cancer treatment is at the core a sequential decision-making problem with partial observability, latent patient heterogeneity, and explicit constraints on the budget for medical measurements. Unlike standard Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches that control state trajectories, cancer treatments permanently modify patients' transition dynamics, changing how states evolve over time. We model cancer treatment as a belief-space planning problem using active inference, deriving an expected free-energy objective that unifies goal-directed control and information acquisition under measurement budgets without. We implement this framework using real clinical cancer data from the AACR Project GENIE Biopharma Collaborative dataset. Results on clinical data demonstrate a simultaneous patient categorization and high treatment efficacy, under real measurement and treatment constraints.

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22.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-19

Predicting gestational age at birth in the context of preterm birth from multi-modal fetal MRI

作者:
Diego Fajardo-Rojas↗Megan Hall↗Daniel Cromb↗Mary A. Rutherford↗Lisa Story↗Emma C. Robinson↗Jana Hutter↗

arXiv:2606.20172v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Preterm birth is associated with significant mortality and a risk for lifelong morbidity. The complex multifactorial aetiology hampers accurate prediction and thus optimal care. A pipeline consisting of bespoke machine learning methods for data imputation, feature selection, and regression models to predict gestational age (GA) at birth was developed and evaluated from comprehensive multi-modal morphological and functional fetal MRI data from 333 control cases and 93 preterm birth cases. The GA at birth predictions were classified into term and preterm categories and their accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were reported. An ablation study was performed to further validate the design of the pipeline. Performance was evaluated using stratified 10-fold cross-validation. The pipeline achieves an R2 score of 0.13 and a mean absolute error of 2.74 weeks. It also achieves a 0.77 accuracy, 0.59 sensitivity, and 0.82 specificity across folds. The predominant features selected by the pipeline include cervical length and statistics derived from placental T2* values. The confluence of fast, motion-robust and multi-modal fetal MRI techniques and machine learning prediction allowed the prediction of the gestation at birth. This information is essential for any pregnancy. To the best of our knowledge, preterm birth had only been addressed as a classification problem in the literature. Therefore, this work provides a proof of concept. Future work will increase the cohort size to allow for finer stratification within the preterm birth cohort. Our code is available at https://github.com/dfajardorojas/ml-for-preterm-birth-.

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23.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16

Infant Spontaneous Movement Noise Improves Exploration in Deep RL

作者:
Francisco M. L\'opez↗Markus R. Ernst↗Francisco Cruz↗Matej Hoffmann↗and Jochen Triesch↗

arXiv:2606.16590v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Exploration in deep reinforcement learning (RL) is commonly implemented as temporally uncorrelated white noise. However, recent works show that temporally correlated colored noise can improve exploration efficiency by producing smooth trajectories with better coverage of the state space. We inquire whether action noise inspired by infant spontaneous movements can also improve exploration in deep RL. We find that the power spectral densities of babies' end-effector velocities follow a colored noise process where the spectral exponent increases with age. Inspired by this developmental pattern, we introduce a mechanism that progressively increases the temporal auto-correlation of exploration noise during RL training, matching the infant statistics. Experiments across several RL environments show that infant-inspired noise produces structured exploratory behavior and can improve learning efficiency compared to conventional exploration strategies. These findings suggest that human motor and cognitive development can provide useful guidance for designing learning mechanisms in artificial agents. Our code is available at https://github.com/trieschlab/baby-noise-rl.

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24.
arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-11

Consensus on Dynamic Stochastic Block Models: Fast Convergence and Phase Transitions

作者:
Haoyu Wang↗Jiaheng Wei↗Zhenyuan Zhang↗

arXiv:2209.03999v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce two models of consensus following a majority rule on time-evolving stochastic block models (SBM), in which the network evolution is Markovian or non-Markovian. Under the majority rule, in each round, each agent simultaneously updates their opinion according to the majority of their neighbors. Our network has a community structure and randomly evolves with time. In contrast to the classic setting, the dynamics is not purely deterministic, and reflects the structure of SBM by resampling the connections at each step, making agents with the same opinion more likely to connect than those with different opinions. In the Markovian model, connections between agents are resampled at each step according to the SBM law and each agent updates their opinion via the majority rule. We prove a power-of-one type result, i.e., any initial bias leads to a non-trivial advantage of winning in the end, uniformly in the size of the network. In the non-Markovian model, a connection between two agents is resampled according to the SBM law only when at least one of them changes opinion and is otherwise kept the same. We identify the phase-transition threshold, up to the second-order leading term, between halting and fast convergence to consensus. We also give sufficient initial-lead conditions for consensus to occur within one, two, or three rounds.

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25.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-12

GeoCFNet: Geometry-Aware Confidence Field Network for Robot-Assisted Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

作者:
Rui Tang↗Guankun Wang↗Long Bai↗Haochen Yin↗Huxin Gao↗Jiewen Lai↗Jiazheng Wang↗Hongliang Ren↗

Advanced surgical robotics has made robot-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) a promising approach for the en-bloc resection of large lesions, with the potential to reduce recurrence and improve long-term outcomes. However, the technical complexity and risk of complications in ESD demand stable and precise visual guidance to maintain an accurate dissection corridor and a safe tissue margin. Dense confidence fields provide an effective representation for this purpose by describing both the preferred dissection region and its spatial transition to surrounding tissue. However, reliable confidence field estimation remains challenging in dynamic endoscopic scenes due to smoke, specular highlights, tissue deformation, weak texture, and the thin geometric structure of the target region. To address these challenges, we formulate dissection guidance as a geometry-aware confidence field estimation problem and propose GeoCFNet, a geometry-aware confidence field network built on a pretrained DINOv3 backbone. GeoCFNet integrates a Token-Differentiated Fusion module to aggregate class-token context with dense patch representations, a SegFormer decoder for confidence regression, and Geometry-Aware Spatial Regularization (GASR) to preserve spatial coherence and local geometric transitions. Experimental results show that GeoCFNet achieves RMSE 0.0480, PSNR 27.1995, SSIM 0.3397, and CC 0.2466, indicating accurate and geometrically stable confidence field estimation for robot-assisted ESD guidance.

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