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01.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.14742

Do Large Language Models Have Emotions?

作者:

Amit Goldenberg↗James J. Gross↗

arXiv:2606.14742v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Do LLMs have emotions? A recent paper from Anthropic reports finding internal representations of emotion concepts in Claude Sonnet 4.5, concluding that the LLM has 'functional emotions.' We evaluate this claim against what is known about how emotions actually function in biological systems. We argue that emotions serve two core functions: the context-sensitive interpretation of situations, and the reorganization of processing across multiple systems in response to those interpretations. The Anthropic findings offer partial support for the first function, though the consistent, discrete emotional representations identified in Claude sit uneasily with affective neuroscience findings that human emotion is characterized by variable rather than uniform neural signatures. On the second function, the evidence is mixed: Claude's representations modulate output without producing the dynamic reorganization of attention, decision speed, and motivational state that defines emotion in biological systems. We close by proposing what it would take for an LLM to have emotions.

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02.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2605.31219

Latent Geometric Chords for Query-Efficient Decision-Based Adversarial Attacks

作者:

Ei Hmue Khine↗Yao Li↗Jiebao Sun↗Shengzhu Shi↗Zhichang Guo↗Boying Wu↗

While decision-based black-box adversarial attacks present a severe security threat, current methodologies suffer from fundamental limitations. Pixel-wise attacks frequently introduce unnatural, high-frequency visual artifacts, while latent-space frameworks are confined by the limited search space of low-dimensional manifolds and inherent reconstruction flaws. To resolve these limitations, we propose Latent Geometric Chords (LGC) for Query-Efficient Decision-Based Adversarial Attacks alongside a variant, LGC-H. At its core, LGC navigates decision boundaries by executing a curvature-aware geometric search within a compressed semantic manifold. To guarantee high visual fidelity and circumvent dimensionality bottlenecks, we introduce a Residual-based Adversarial Generation (RAG) mechanism. RAG isolates semantic perturbations as geometric chords and superimposes them directly onto the original source image. RAG substantially resolves baseline reconstruction flaws and effectively doubles the permissible search space dimensions. Experimental results demonstrate that LGC achieves robust cross-dataset transferability and substantially outperforms state-of-the-art baselines. Notably, our method, LGC, minimizes perturbation magnitudes while achieving state-of-the-art visual fidelity–with a Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) exceeding 0.99 and a Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity (LPIPS) below 0.01 at 5000 queries–and sustaining high attack success rates under stringent perceptual constraints, successfully compromising adversarially trained robust models. The source code is available at: https://github.com/eihmuekhine/Latent-Geometric-Chords.

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03.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2402.00094

Deep Neural Networks: A Formulation Via Non-Archimedean Analysis

作者:

W. A. Z\'u\~niga-Galindo↗

arXiv:2402.00094v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce a new class of deep neural networks (DNNs) with multilayered tree-like architectures. The architectures are codified using numbers from the ring of integers of non-Archimdean local fields. These rings have a natural hierarchical organization as infinite rooted trees. Natural morphisms on these rings allow us to construct finite multilayered architectures. The new DNNs are robust universal approximators of real-valued functions defined on the mentioned rings. We also show that the DNNs are robust universal approximators of real-valued square-integrable functions defined in the unit interval.

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04.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.20034

Exploring the potential of AlphaEarth and TESSERA embeddings for Fine-scale Local Climate Zone Mapping: A case study across five cities in Switzerland

作者:

Htet Yamin Ko Ko↗Clement Atzberger↗

arXiv:2606.20034v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Understanding urban spatial morphology is critical for climate modeling, risk assessment, and sustainable urban design, and Local Climate Zone (LCZ) mapping provides the basic framework for this. However, many cities still use coarse ~100-m resolution LCZ records, which are unsuitable for fine-scale urban research. In this study, precomputed embeddings from TESSERA (Feng et al., 2025) and AlphaEarth (Brown et al., 2025) are compared to traditional Sentinel-1/2 (S1S2) composites in five Swiss cities to see if they can upscale coarse LCZ maps to 10-m resolution using an attention-based U-Net. Three experiments assess multi-city transferability, the impact of higher-resolution reference data, and temporal robustness to year-to-year phenology changes. We find that all datasets achieve strong performance with test data Intersection-over-Union (IoU) ranging from 0.59-0.69 and 0.77-0.82 in the first two experiments. TESSERA consistently outperforms both S1S2 and AlphaEarth across both settings As expected, we find that the transfer of embedding-based models from one year to another remains an open challenge. Overall, however, our results demonstrate the promising potential of embeddings derived from EO foundation models to reduce time consuming preprocessing, respectively, manual feature engineering tasks and to guide a universal deep learning-based LCZ mapping workflow. When combined with a simple location-aware attention U-Net architecture, the embeddings enhance regional transferability and scalability, supporting the development of comprehensive and reproducible fine-scale LCZ maps for global urban climate applications Improving reference data quality remains the strongest lever for further accuracy gains.

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05.

PLOS Computational Biology 2026-06-01 DOI: HASH:8220c5ddd8f1f680aedef892839b57cf

The total eclipse of bioinformatics: From disruption to convention, and a gentle warning

作者:

Christos A. Ouzounis↗

by Christos A. Ouzounis

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06.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15481

Connecting entanglement growth with local integrals of motion in the disordered Fermi-Hubbard model

作者:

Ahad Nokhostin Helm↗Brandon Leipner-Johns↗Rachel Wortis↗

arXiv:2606.15481v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generically a quantum system initialized in an unentangled state will, under unitary dynamics, rapidly become entangled, a process closely related to information transport and to thermalization. Disorder can suppress the growth of entanglement and result in memory of initial conditions. In non-interacting systems this arises from localization of single-particle states, the occupancy of which is fixed by the initial condition. In interacting systems similar localized conserved quantities persist, but with the added feature that they are coupled, resulting in entanglement growth which is distinct from both non-interacting localized systems and from generic ergodic systems. The Fermi-Hubbard model has two degrees of freedom per site – charge and spin – and disorder may be present in both of these. We study the growth of entanglement in two scenarios – disorder in charge equal and unequal to that in spin, and determine the distinct contributions of charge and spin degrees of freedom by expanding the Hamiltonian in terms of a set of optimally localized conserved quantities with separate charge and spin character. We find that coupling between charge and spin is significantly weaker than charge-charge and spin-spin coupling. While this decoupling is present in all our results, it is only apparent when the strength of the disorder in the two sectors is different such that there is a separation between the characteristic timescales of the contributions to entanglement made by charge and by spin.

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07.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.19372

Full-Self Diagnostics (FSD): Physics-Grounded Visual Biomarker Inference from Smartphone Video via Inverse Problems and Operator Learning

作者:

Jonathan Thomas↗Harsh Thaker↗

arXiv:2606.19372v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present Full-Self Diagnostics (FSD), a unified mathematical framework for recovering latent physiological states from unconstrained 9-second facial videos captured by consumer smartphones. The approach integrates five mutually reinforcing components: (1) a physics-based forward model derived from the radiative transfer equation and chromophore absorption that maps camera observables to biomarker concentrations; (2) an information-theoretic observability theory proving that multi-channel visual signals (spectral, pulse, respiratory, micro-expression, and oculomotor) contain strictly increasing mutual information with physiological state; (3) a stable, Tikhonov-regularized inverse problem with domain-uniform identifiability guarantees; (4) an operator-learning formulation that enables generalization across devices, resolutions, and populations; and (5) a supervised learning procedure, interpretable as stochastic variational inference, that continuously refines the model from paired biosensor ground truth with performance improving proportionally to one over the square root of the number of paired observations. Empirical validation on 38812 real-world paired scans across 59 subjects demonstrates practical performance. Self-collected data from the lead author (glucose range 35-550 mg/dL) yields MARD of 29.86 percent with 97.57 percent of predictions in Clarke Error Grid Zones A+B and only 0.27 percent in the dangerous Zone E. A well-managed diabetic participant achieves MARD of 17 percent in the narrower 70-180 mg/dL band. These results confirm that consumer-grade facial video encodes sufficient structured information for clinically relevant, non-invasive biomarker inference under fully unconstrained conditions, with performance scaling predictably as more paired data becomes available.

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08.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2602.19417

Superresolution technique beyond the diffraction limit under a structured beam via different optical nanostructures

作者:

Subhankar Roy↗Jianping Hu↗M Ummal Momeen↗

arXiv:2602.19417v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: To overcome the limit of diffraction while achieving the superresolution technique, solid immersion lenses are the key optical elements for data storage and nanophotonics applications. Recent demonstrations have shown how different nanostructures (such as elliptical solid immersion lenses) are used in diverse fields of increasing resolution in the presence of a structured Gaussian beam. By applying twisted beams such as angular momentum beams (Laguerre- Gaussian) and spatial higher-order Gaussian beams (Hermite- Gauss), we can attain a sharp near-field focal spot pattern, which is considerably better than the conventional solid immersion lens structure in ~mm scale specifically for imaging beyond diffraction limit. Our computation results present a resolution of ~27 nm under a specific Hermite -Gauss mode illumination on a pyramidal shape nanolens structure. By numerical simulations, tolerance has been confirmed with a slight variation in beam size and geometrical modification to make the model compatible with fabrication errors. This narrow bandwidth intensity distribution can be utilized for scanning the sample with higher resolution, especially in the field of quantum technology.

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09.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17522

An expressivity analysis of hierarchical modelling in deep transformers via bounded-depth grammars

作者:

Vinoth Nandakumar↗Qiang Qu↗Pramod Thebe↗Sakshi Khachariya↗Tongliang Liu↗

Deep neural networks are widely believed to derive their expressive power from their ability to form hierarchical representations, capturing progressively more abstract and compositional features across layers. In language modeling, transformers have emerged as the dominant architecture, with early layers capturing local syntactic patterns and later layers encoding more complex clause-level dependencies. While this intuition has shaped model design, there remains a lack of rigorous theoretical work demonstrating how deep transformers represent such hierarchical structures. In this work, we analyze the expressiveness of deep transformer models through the formal lens of bounded-depth, non-recursive context-free grammars. For this class of grammars, we explicitly construct transformers with positional attention whose depth grows linearly with grammar depth, while the neuron count scales with the number of derivation-tree shapes and quadratically with the number of production rules. Our theoretical results support the linear representation hypothesis by demonstrating that these architectures possess the structural capacity to encode abstract grammatical states into low-dimensional, linearly separable subspaces within the residual stream.

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10.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2604.09361

Stochastic-Dimension Frozen Sampled Neural Network for High-Dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii Equations on Unbounded Domains

作者:

Zhangyong Liang↗

arXiv:2604.09361v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This paper introduces the Stochastic-Dimension Frozen Sampled Neural Network (SD-FSNN), a novel computational framework for solving high-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) on unbounded domain. The proposed method circumvents the curse-of-dimensionality that plagues traditional discretizations and the computational bottlenecks of gradient-based neural network solvers through a synergistic combination of techniques. First, a prescribed Gaussian envelope encodes the far-field decay of the wavefunction, enabling a space-time separation where the spatial approximation is handled by a frozen, single-hidden-layer neural network with data-driven sampled features. This yields a gradient-free formalism where spatial derivatives are analytically precomputed and time-dependence is evolved via reduced ODEs. Second, a stochastic-dimension sampler provides a conditionally unbiased estimate of the spatial operator by evaluating only a small subset of spatial dimensions at each time step, essentially reducing computational and memory costs. Discrete conservation laws are also enforced, ensuring long-term stability. Extensive numerical experiments on GPE in up to 1000 dimensions demonstrate that SD-FSNN achieves significantly higher accuracy and efficiency compared to state-of-the-art methods, including PINNs, randomized feature methods, and tensor-network approaches. The results confirm that SD-FSNN effectively mitigates the Kolmogorov $n$-width barrier for frozen-basis models on structured solution manifolds.

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11.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.14847

High-fidelity two-qubit gates in a 7-qubit register for quantum networks

作者:

Margriet van Riggelen↗Jiwon Yun↗H. Benjamin van Ommen↗Tim H. Taminiau↗

arXiv:2606.14847v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantum networks based on optically active solid-state spins may enable quantum technologies including long-range quantum communication and distributed quantum computing. Network nodes containing multiple high-fidelity qubits can facilitate large-scale fault-tolerant operation. However, the stringent error thresholds remain out of reach for multi-qubit registers. In this work, we demonstrate high-fidelity two-qubit gates in a 7-qubit register, based on nuclear spins coupled to a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. We analyze crosstalk in highly connected spin systems, develop an efficient optimization procedure, and characterize the gates using gate set tomography. The two-qubit gate fidelities (best: 99.61(5)%, average: 99.18(2)%) demonstrate a multi-qubit register at the threshold for distributed quantum computation. Finally, as an example application, we perform a variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) simulation of the ground-state energy of H2 and LiH molecules. These results demonstrate one of the key prerequisites for scalable quantum networks based on solid-state spins.

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12.

arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2603.29047

Longest weakly increasing subsequences of discrete random walks on the integers with heavy tailed distribution of increments

作者:

Jos\'e Ricardo G. Mendon\c{c}a↗Marcelo V. Freire↗

arXiv:2603.29047v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We investigate the behavior of the length of the longest weakly increasing subsequences (weak LIS) of $n$-step random walks with nonzero integer increments $k = \pm 1, \pm 2, \dots$ given by a symmetric heavy tailed mass distribution proportional to $|k|^{-1-\alpha}$ for several values of the real parameter $\alpha > 0$ together with that of the simple random walk ($k=\pm 1$), to which the $n$-step heavy tailed walks reduce when $\alpha$ grows large enough that step jumps beyond $\pm 1$ become essentially absent on the scale of $n$. By means of exploratory fits, weighted nonlinear least squares, and nested-model comparisons, we found that the sample average length $\langle{L_{n}}\rangle$ scales like $\langle{L_{n}}\rangle \sim \sqrt{n}\log{n}$ when the distribution of increments has finite variance ($\alpha > 2$) and $\langle{L_{n}}\rangle \sim n^{\theta}$ with a varying exponent $\theta > 0.5$ when the variance is infinite ($\alpha \leq 2$). Distributional diagnostics indicate that the bulk of the $L_{n}$ distribution is very well-approximated by a lognormal model, though systematic deviations are observed in the tails. Our results corroborate and expand upon previous results for the LIS of other types of heavy-tailed random walks and raise a conjecture as to whether the distribution of $L_{n}$ is given, or can be effectively described, by a lognormal distribution.

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13.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.14222

Learning the Context of Errors: Black-Box Online Adaptation of Time Series Foundation Models

作者:

Xilin Dai↗Yiding Liu↗Hongjie Xia↗Yifan Hu↗Zewei Dong↗Jiang-Ming Yang↗Qiang Xu↗

arXiv:2606.14222v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid evolution of Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) has advanced zero-shot forecasting across diverse domains. Inspired by the current form of Large Language Models, future TSFMs may be offered as commercialized, closed-source API services. However, many existing online adaptation methods still rely on white-box access for parameter fine-tuning or gradient backpropagation. This paradigm mismatch raises a question: In black-box online adaptation for TSFMs, what should we learn? We answer this with an insight: the predictive errors of the base model are conditioned on both the input and output of the base model (i.e., the context of errors). To validate this insight, we propose ORCA (Online Residual Contextual Adaptation). We conduct extensive experiments across 5 state-of-the-art TSFMs and 8 datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Furthermore, through ablation studies, we quantitatively analyze the impact of different adapter learning hypotheses on the final adaptation performance in black-box online adaptation. Code available at https://github.com/Fifthky/ORCA.

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14.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17972

SegDINO: Introducing Multi-Scale Structure into DINO for Efficient Medical Image Segmentation

作者:

Sicheng Yang↗Hongqiu Wang↗Zhaohu Xing↗Sixiang Chen↗Qiuxia Yang↗Yize Mao↗Guang Yang↗Lei Zhu↗

Self-supervised DINO models provide strong transferable visual representations, yet applying them directly to image segmentation remains challenging. Existing approaches commonly rely on heavy decoders with complex upsampling, introducing substantial parameter and computational overhead. We observe that introducing scale into DINO features is far more critical than increasing decoder capacity. In this work, we present SegDINO, an efficient segmentation framework that integrates a DINOv3 backbone with lightweight scale modeling. SegDINO introduces Token Pyramid Adaptation (TPA) to reorganize intermediate DINO features into a pseudo multi-scale hierarchy, and Scale-Aware Decoding (SAD) for efficient intra-scale refinement and top-down multi-scale propagation. We further curate PanCT, a new CT dataset containing 284 patients with expert-annotated pancreatic tumors, to assess SegDINO's ability to handle difficult small-lesion cases. Extensive experiments on PanCT and three public benchmarks demonstrate that SegDINO achieves state-of-the-art results with high efficiency. The code is available at https://github.com/script-Yang/segdino_v2.

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15.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.18192

The Stanford EDGAR Filings Dataset: Reconstructing U.S. Corporate and Financial Disclosures into Layout-Faithful and Token-Efficient Pretraining Data

作者:

Nick Bettencourt↗Xiaowei Ding↗Kay Giesecke↗

arXiv:2606.18192v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As high-quality public web corpora become increasingly exhausted, clean long-context documents have become a scarce and expensive source of training data for large language models (LLMs). Existing long-context corpora are often proprietary and costly to acquire, synthetically generated, or concentrated in narrow domains such as programming. We introduce the Stanford EDGAR Filings Dataset (SEFD), an open reconstruction of SEC filings into layout-faithful MultiMarkdown for financial language modeling and evaluation. SEFD makes audited financial statements, risk disclosures, ownership reports, accounting notes, and market-moving event filings usable as long-context pretraining data and as a basis for financial reasoning, forecasting, compliance, and document understanding. The resulting corpus is token-efficient, model-ready, and has less than 0.1% overlap with Common Crawl-derived corpora. We release SEFD-v1, a 152B-token initial public snapshot, and provide corpus-level analyses of a larger 18.5M-filing archive estimated at 550B tokens. We further introduce two SEFD-derived benchmarks: EDGAR-Forecast, which evaluates filing-grounded numerical forecasting after model knowledge cutoffs, and EDGAR-OCR, which evaluates transcription of complex financial tables.

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16.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.16960

SurroundNEXO: Ego-Centric Metric Bridging for Spatially Consistent Geometry in Autonomous Driving

作者:

Shuai Yuan↗Runxi Tang↗Yuzhou Ji↗Fudong Ge↗Hanshi Wang↗Yifei Wang↗Xianming Zeng↗Jianyun Xu↗Xingliang Liu↗Yanfeng Wang↗Zhipeng Zhang↗

Modern autonomous driving depends on accurate metric 3D understanding for perception, reconstruction, and planning, which in turn requires reliable multi-camera depth prediction. However, the outward-facing nature of vehicle-mounted surround-view camera rigs inherently limits visual overlap across views, challenging the correspondence-based assumptions that underpin conventional multi-view geometry. To bridge this gap, we present SurroundNEXO, named after the Spanish word nexo for a geometric link, a low-overlap multi-camera metric depth framework that grounds cross-view reasoning in ego-centric geometry rather than dense visual correspondences. Instead of directly enforcing early global fusion, SurroundNEXO first assigns image tokens globally comparable ego-frame viewing directions through Ego-Ray Positional Encoding, then uses sparse LiDAR measurements as metric anchors to propagate absolute scale cues, and finally expands feature interaction progressively from view-local modeling to decomposed spatio-temporal reasoning and global integration. This design enables metric-scale depth prediction with improved spatial consistency across weakly overlapping cameras. Across low-overlap autonomous driving benchmarks, including NuScenes, Waymo and DDAD, SurroundNEXO reduces single-view error by 33.2%, improves cross-view consistency by 10.5%, and enhances metric reconstruction quality by 25.6% compared with SOTA methods. It further remains robust under extremely sparse depth prompts and exhibits strong zero-shot generalization to unseen camera layouts.

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17.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.18258

Examining Human-Like Behaviors in LLMs: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Model Behaviors, User Factors, and System Prompts

作者:

Sunnie S. Y. Kim↗Margit Bowler↗Leon A Gatys↗

arXiv:2606.18258v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit a wide range of human-like behaviors, from expressing thoughts and emotions, to engaging in relationship-building with users, to refusing requests and maintaining boundaries. Despite their prevalence, researchers and practitioners lack methods and empirical insights to make informed decisions about when and what types of human-like behaviors LLMs should exhibit. To fill this gap, we present a multi-dimensional analysis of the prevalence, potential effects, and controllability of these behaviors using LLM-as-a-judge and human evaluation. Across 21,000 multi-turn conversations from four widely used models (gpt-4o, gpt-4.1-mini, claude-sonnet-4.6, gemini-2.5-flash), we find that human-like behaviors are pervasive but vary across models and user factors (conversation goals and user profiles). In terms of perceived appropriateness, human evaluators judged self-referential and relationship-building behaviors as less appropriate from LLMs than from humans, but boundary-maintaining behaviors more appropriate from LLMs than from humans. Finally, we show that system prompting can control these behaviors, though it requires careful evaluation to avoid unintended effects. We discuss the implications of our findings and provide recommendations for responsible LLM design and evaluation.

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18.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.18308

TRIDENT: Breaking the Hybrid-Safety-Physics Coupling for Provably Safe Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

作者:

Zijie Meng↗Ziwei Li↗Yufei Liu↗Zhiyu Li↗Jiyuan Liu↗Wenhua Nie↗Bingcai Wei↗Miao Zhang↗

arXiv:2606.18308v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Safe coordination in networked cyber-physical systems forces learning algorithms to simultaneously handle hybrid discrete-continuous actions, hard training-time safety constraints, and physics-governed dynamics. We show that these three features form a directed cycle of biases that defeats any naive composition of off-the-shelf modules, and formalize this as a three-way coupling lemma. We then introduce TRIDENT, the first MARL framework whose three components are co-designed to cancel each leak: a Richardson-Romberg gradient correction reducing Gumbel-Softmax bias from O(tau) to O(tau^2), a Lyapunov-constrained sequential trust-region update enforcing per-iterate feasibility, and a physics-informed residual critic that decomposes value rather than reward. We prove an O~(1/sqrt(K)) convergence rate to a constrained Nash equilibrium and an O(sqrt(K)) cumulative-violation bound. On multi-UAV mobile-edge computing, autonomous intersection management, and a hybrid SMAC variant, TRIDENT cuts training-time violations by 95.5% over MADDPG and 76.3% over MACPO, while improving reward by 13.5% over the strongest unconstrained baseline.

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19.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2508.06196

EiCAP: Beyond Fluency, Probing and Improving Emotional Intelligence in LLMs via Psychologically Grounded Multi-Turn Dialogue

作者:

Nizi Nazar↗Pardis Sadat Zahraei↗Dilek Hakkani-T\"ur↗Natasa Milic-Frayling↗Ehsaneddin Asgari↗

Large Language Models increasingly serve in emotionally sensitive roles, including mental health support, education, and crisis response, yet they lack a principled framework for assessing or improving Emotional Intelligence (EI). We introduce EiCAP, a unified, psychologically grounded six-layer EI taxonomy operationalized into two complementary resources. EiCAP-Bench is a multi-turn, one-vs-three forced-choice evaluation suite with 3,174 probes across 24 subcategories and cross-turn dependencies that reflect real conversational EI demands. EiCAP-SFT is a 152,820-dialogue supervision corpus aligned to the same taxonomy, enabling controlled, interpretable fine-tuning. Two key findings emerge. First, generic conversational supervised fine-tuning does not confer EI: fine-tuning on UltraChat yields no significant gain in any of the 24 subcategories, with a macro score of 24.6%, near the chance level of 25%. Second, applying EI-grounded LoRA, using approximately 0.8% of parameters, directly to Qwen-2.5-7B-Base achieves significant gains in all 24 subcategories, reaching a macro score of 75.33%, a gain of 51.7 percentage points over Base and 37.1 percentage points over Instruct. Crucially, an ablation shows that the UltraChat pre-stage is counterproductive, reducing performance by 21.4 percentage points: direct EI-grounded training is both necessary and sufficient.

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20.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.19602

Configurable Clinical Information Extraction with Agentic RAG: What Works, What Breaks, and Why

作者:

Osman Alperen \c{C}inar-Kora\c{s}↗Marie Bauer↗Sameh Khattab↗Merlin Engelke↗Moon Kim↗Stephan Settelmeier↗Shigeyasu Sugawara↗Fabian Freisleben↗Felix Nensa↗Jens Kleesiek↗

arXiv:2606.19602v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Patient contexts span hundreds of heterogeneous documents and thousands of structured data points, yet the document-level metadata that AI systems need for retrieval and triage is absent or incomplete. Standard retrieval-augmented generation fails on this data, mishandling temporal reasoning, cross-document dependencies, and missing metadata. We deploy ACIE (Agentic Clinical Information Extraction) at University Medicine Essen: an on-premise agentic RAG pipeline that reasons over complete patient contexts and grounds every answer in source passages for clinician verification. We quantify the metadata gap, trace the architectural decisions it shaped, and evaluate extraction alongside an independent retrospective lymphoma registry study, in which nuclear-medicine physicians verify every extracted value against its cited sources. Across 7,326 judgments, clinicians accepted 96.5\% of extractions, with per-type acceptance ranging from 80\% to 99\%.

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21.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.18106

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Minimum Zero-Forcing Sets

作者:

Steve Halley↗Maur\'icio Gruppi↗

arXiv:2606.18106v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper explores the problem of finding the minimum zero-forcing set on undirected graphs and proposes an adapted machine-learning framework to solve the problem. The minimum zero-forcing set problem is a graph coloring problem where the color of an initial set of nodes propagates throughout a network. The set of nodes is zero-forcing if it forces all uncolored nodes to change color under the constraint of the color-change rule. There are several applications to this problem across different domains such as network science, network control, and designing logical circuits. Finding the minimum zero-forcing set is shown to be NP-hard. We propose a reinforcement learning framework, SD-ZFS, that adapts the S2V-DQN architecture to the ZFS problem. We train several models on this adapted framework and analyze the performance across graph datasets that have varying structures. We evaluate how the models trained on the framework generalize, scale, and transfer to different network types. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework when compared against the optimal solution and greedy heuristic. We provide further insight into how the ZFS problem can be solved through machine-learning and the influence of network structure on the problem.

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22.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.07822

The ACUTE Protocol: Operationalizing Language Model Activations for Better Calibration, Utility, and Trust

作者:

Nishant Subramani↗Palash Goyal↗Yiwen Song↗Mani Malek↗Yuan Xue↗Tomas Pfister↗Hamid Palangi↗

As language models improve and become increasingly deployed to solve a variety of tasks, trustworthiness becomes essential. Calibration is a good proxy for trust: well-calibrated confidence estimates help inform the risk versus reward tradeoff when trusting a specific model output. Unfortunately, even as models improve, they remain poorly calibrated, often biasing towards overconfidence. Additionally, calibration can be gamed: a policy that always predicts the base rate is perfectly calibrated, but completely uninformative. To resolve this, we develop a new metric, expected utility renormalized by the oracle (EURO), that balances calibration and informativeness. We also propose a general-purpose activation-based confidence, utility, and trust estimation protocol (ACUTE) to appropriately adjudicate uncertainty. The ACUTE protocol provides flexible, sample-efficient, and compute-efficient confidence estimators for 3 tasks including multiple choice question answering, tool-calling, and scientific document summarization across 6 models from 4 model families. ACUTE outperforms strong baselines on EURO, while maintaining low calibration error. Taken together, our work shows that equipping LLMs with the ACUTE protocol can improve calibration, utility, and trustworthiness in numerous settings.

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23.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2506.01396

Mitigating Disparate Impact of Differentially Private Learning through Bounded Adaptive Clipping

作者:

Linzh Zhao↗Aki Rehn↗Mikko A. Heikkil\"a↗Razane Tajeddine↗Antti Honkela↗

arXiv:2506.01396v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Differential privacy (DP) has become an essential framework for privacy-preserving machine learning. Existing DP learning methods, however, often have disparate impacts on model predictions, e.g., for minority groups. Gradient clipping, which is often used in DP learning, can suppress larger gradients from challenging samples. We show that this problem is amplified by adaptive clipping, which will often shrink the clipping bound to tiny values to match a well-fitting majority, while significantly reducing the accuracy for others. We propose bounded adaptive clipping, which introduces a tunable lower bound to prevent excessive gradient suppression. Our method improves worst-class accuracy by over 10 percentage points on Skewed and Fashion MNIST compared to unbounded adaptive clipping, 7 points compared to Automatic clipping, and 5 points compared to constant clipping. The code is available at https://github.com/TrustworthyMLHelsinki/adaptive-clipping-fairness.

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24.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2604.13085

Adaptive Memory Crystallization for Autonomous AI Agent Learning in Dynamic Environments

作者:

Rajat Khanda↗Mohammad Baqar↗Sambuddha Chakrabarti↗Satyasaran Changdar↗

arXiv:2604.13085v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Autonomous AI agents operating in dynamic environments face a persistent challenge: acquiring new capabilities without erasing prior knowledge. We present Adaptive Memory Crystallization (AMC), a memory architecture for progressive experience consolidation in continual reinforcement learning. AMC is conceptually inspired by the qualitative structure of synaptic tagging and capture (STC) theory, the idea that memories transition through discrete stability phases, but makes no claim to model the underlying molecular or synaptic mechanisms. AMC models memory as a continuous crystallization process in which experiences migrate from plastic to stable states according to a multi-objective utility signal. The framework introduces a three-phase memory hierarchy (Liquid–Glass–Crystal) governed by an Itô stochastic differential equation (SDE) whose population-level behavior is captured by an explicit Fokker–Planck equation admitting a closed-form Beta stationary distribution. We provide proofs of: (i) well-posedness and global convergence of the crystallization SDE to a unique Beta stationary distribution; (ii) exponential convergence of individual crystallization states to their fixed points, with explicit rates and variance bounds; and (iii) end-to-end Q-learning error bounds and matching memory-capacity lower bounds that link SDE parameters directly to agent performance. Empirical evaluation on Meta-World MT50, Atari 20-game sequential learning, and MuJoCo continual locomotion consistently shows improvements in forward transfer (+34–43\% over the strongest baseline), reductions in catastrophic forgetting (67–80\%), and a 62\% decrease in memory footprint.

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25.

medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-10 DOI: HASH:0047cf0db5016f9dddd52fce35e562e9

Trajectories of brain structure and function in young adult carriers of genetic frontotemporal dementia variants

作者:

So↗Lombardi↗Staffaroni↗A. M↗Coleman↗Bouzigues↗Ferry-Bolder↗Cullen↗Russell↗Foster↗Farley↗Convery↗…

Background and Objectives: Converging evidence hints at neurodevelopmental effects in genetic frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). In cross-sectional studies, for some genes, young adult FTD variant carriers show differences in brain volumes and cognition compared to familial non-carriers. However, longitudinal trajectories may more sensitively capture FTD-related neurodevelopmental vs. neurodegenerative changes than cross-sectional approaches. This study examined longitudinal trajectories of brain volumes, executive function, and plasma biomarkers in young adult carriers compared to familial non-carriers, as measures of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative outcomes of FTD-causing variants. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study comprised participants, aged 18-30 years, from the FTD Prevention Initiative across Europe, Canada, and the USA. Genetic groups included C9orf72 (47%), MAPT (30%), and GRN (23%). Linear mixed-effects models were computed to assess longitudinal outcomes across age between groups, controlling for sex, scanner (for brain volumes), and education (for executive function); random effects accounted for between-subject variability nested within family membership. Results: Variant carriers (n=147) and familial non-carriers (n=113) did not differ in age (mean{+/-}SD, 25.9{+/-}3.2 years), sex (53% female), or number of visits (2.1{+/-}1.7). Young adult C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers exhibited smaller thalamic volumes than non-carriers at the reference age of 26 years (b=-982.8mm3, SE=317.0, p=0.0046, f2=0.32), with relatively stable trajectories across ages 18-30 (i.e., no change over time). Trajectories of rostral anterior cingulate volumes differed in C9orf72 carriers and non-carriers across age, where carriers showed relatively stable trajectories and non-carriers showed age-appropriate declines (b=64.4mm3, SE=29.9, p=0.035, f2=0.07). For MAPT and GRN, there were little to no differences in total brain, cortical, or subcortical volumes between groups and over time. No longitudinal differences were observed between carriers and non-carriers in executive function, or plasma NfL or GFAP for any genetic group. Discussion: C9orf72 repeat expansions were linked to smaller average thalamic volumes and stable trajectories between ages 18 to 30, supporting potential neurodevelopmental origins. The modest evidence supporting an absence of difference in neurodegenerative biomarkers and executive function suggests minimal early neurodegeneration and functional preservation in young adulthood.

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