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01.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15272

Symmetry Breaking through Superselection by Boundary Conditions

作者:

Silvester G. A. Borsboom↗Jos\'e P. Dupont↗

arXiv:2606.15272v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) is central to modern physics but is conventionally defined only for infinite systems, raising challenges for its interpretation in finite, real-world setups. This paper argues that the key to resolving this issue lies in the underappreciated role of boundary conditions in quantum systems. Inspired by both the relational approach to symmetries and the physical mechanism behind symmetry breaking, we formulate a relational interpretation of SSB: a finite system exhibits SSB relative to a reference environment which can induce perturbations across the boundary. This eliminates the need for the thermodynamic limit, offering a more physical picture of SSB that emphasizes the observable consequences of the interactions that real-life systems inevitably have with their environment. We show how, in this relational interpretation, SSB for both lattice systems and (gauge) field theories should be understood as subtle, rather than spontaneous, symmetry breaking, still in contrast to explicit symmetry breaking. We also explain how algebraic definitions of SSB for infinite systems relate to the intuitive picture of SSB in finite systems and illustrate how asymptotic boundary conditions push the environment "to infinity". In this way, our relational interpretation of SSB provides a unified conceptual framework applicable to symmetry-breaking in systems of any size.

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02.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.19344

Exposing the Unsaid: Visualizing Hidden LLM Bias through Stochastic Path Aggregation

作者:

Matteo Pelossi↗Rita Sevastjanova↗Thilo Spinner↗Mennatallah El-Assady↗

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit representational and syntactic biases that are difficult to evaluate due to the stochastic nature of text generation. Standard auditing methods rely on a single output inspection or static automated metrics. These approaches obscure the underlying probability distributions and fail to capture biases hidden in lower-probability generation branches. This paper introduces TreeTracer, a visual analytics tool designed to evaluate LLM bias through aggregated comparison. Using a systematic perturbation analysis pipeline, the tool replaces ontology-defined terms in each input prompt, aggregates hundreds of stochastic generations into a syntax-aligned hierarchical structure, and then performs classification-aware node merging with an auxiliary language model. The resulting structure is visualized through a custom Sankey diagram. By juxtaposing two ontology-driven trees, the workspace enables direct comparison between semantic contexts and supports systematic bias detection. Because any visualization reflects only a subset of the model's learned behavior, the system further applies contrastive inference to compute and directly display counterfactual token probabilities across contexts, reducing the risk of misinterpreting the presence of bias. We validate the workspace through case studies comparing an unaligned baseline model GPT-2 XL against the constitutionally aligned Apertus models. The visual aggregation successfully exposes hidden representational harms, such as counterfactual pronoun suppression and conversational marginalization of individuals. A preliminary user study confirms that the aggregated comparative interface reduces cognitive load and effectively supports analysts in detecting systemic biases.

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03.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2604.23178

Judging the Judges: A Systematic Evaluation of Bias Mitigation Strategies in LLM-as-a-Judge Pipelines

作者:

Sadman Kabir Soumik↗

arXiv:2604.23178v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM-as-a-Judge has become the dominant paradigm for evaluating language model outputs, yet LLM judges exhibit systematic biases that compromise evaluation reliability. We present a comprehensive empirical study comparing nine debiasing strategies across five judge models from four provider families (Google, Anthropic, OpenAI, Meta), three benchmarks (MT-Bench n=400, LLMBar n=200, custom n=375), and four bias types. Our headline practical finding is that a mid-tier model with the right debiasing can outperform frontier judges at a fraction of the cost: Gemini 2.5 Flash with the Combined Budget strategy reaches the highest agreement of any configuration we tested (71.0%, kappa=0.549) at ~$0.001 per evaluation, about 15x cheaper than the best frontier setup (Claude Sonnet 4, 69.5%, ~$0.015). Other key findings: (1) Style bias is the dominant bias (0.10-0.76 across models, favoring markdown over plain prose), far exceeding position bias (

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04.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2512.12103

Perturbative Input-Output Theory of Floquet Cavity Magnonics and Magnon Energy Shifts

作者:

T. Aguiar↗M. C. de Oliveira↗

arXiv:2512.12103v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We develop a perturbative input-output formalism to compute the reflectance and transmittance spectra of cavity magnonics systems subject to a Floquet modulation. The method exploits the strong hierarchy between the magnetic-dipole couplings transverse (drive field) and parallel (modulation field) to the static bias field, which naturally introduces the small parameter $\epsilon = (2Ns)^{-1/2}$ associated with the total spin $Ns$ of the ferromagnet. By organizing the cavity and magnon fields in a systematic expansion in $\epsilon$, we obtain compact analytic expressions for the spectra up to second order. Using these results, we reproduce the characteristic sideband structure observed in recent Floquet cavity electromagnonics experiments. Furthermore, accounting for the Zeeman interaction between the modulation field and the fully polarized ground state - a contribution typically neglected in previous treatments - we predict an additional magnon detuning of approximately $0.8\,\mathrm{GHz}$, independent of both modulation frequency and sample size and determined solely by the spatial volume occupied by the modulation field. This identifies a measurable and previously overlooked shift relevant for the interpretation and design of cavity magnonics experiments.

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05.

Nature (Science) 2026-06-17 DOI: HASH:15c7147ee2070a35defafeed5127386d

Mapping the neuronal building blocks of human language with language models

作者:

Jing Cai↗

Humans can convey new and highly diverse information through language. This ability to form and combine words into elaborate phrases and sentences enables us to express inexhaustible meanings and is fundamental to human cognition1–5. However, understanding the microscopic cellular building blocks and cortical landscape that precisely underlie human language has remained a challenge. Here we used wide-scale single-neuronal recordings combined with natural language processing models to identify fine-grained linguistic representations across the human frontotemporal cortex during language production. We find that, whereas certain neurons represented the detailed grammatical relationships between words or their parts of speech, others tracked the sentences’ higher-order syntactic structure, their phrase transitions and sequence. Collectively, these neurons reliably captured the words’ syntactic and semantic properties but also dynamically incorporated their specific sentence contexts, therefore enabling them to encode information combinatorially and at highly granular levels of detail. We show how these cell populations were locally organized and how their microscale representations differed from that of their wider field potential patterns. We also show how these neurons were distributed broadly across the frontotemporal cortex, but how their ability to encode linguistic information was left-lateralized and varied between cortical regions. Together, these findings identify some of the most basic cellular building blocks by which linguistic information is encoded in humans and begin to define the cortical landscape of language at a combined micro (cellular), meso (local population) and macro (regional) scale. Wide-scale recordings reveal neurons in the human brain that encode fundamental components of language such as the grammatical relationships between words, their parts of speech and the higher-order syntactic structure of phrases and sentences.

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06.

arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2509.24950

On domains of elliptic operators with distributional coefficients

作者:

Immanuel Zachhuber↗

arXiv:2509.24950v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We show how one can use recently gained insights from the study of singular SPDEs, more particularly the study of singular operators via the theory of Paracontrolled Distributions, to construct domains for (singular) elliptic operators. Formally we consider \[ A (u) = (1 - \Delta) u + \nabla V \cdot \nabla u + \xi u + {{div} (\rho u)}, \] where $V \in \mathcal{C}^{\delta}$, $\xi \in \mathcal{C}^{- 2 + \delta}$, $\rho \in \mathcal{C}^{- 1 + \delta}, {div} \rho = 0$} and which satisfy a structural assumption that is notably satisfied when $\xi$ is a sub-critical noise, see {[MvZ22]}. We also show that under this assumption, one can construct a continuous change of variables $\Theta$ which satisfies \[ A \Theta - (1 - \Delta) \in \mathcal{L} (H^{2 - \delta''} ; H^{\delta'}) \] which allows us to define $A$ rigorously and parametrise a domain. Moreover, for suitably regularised operators \[ A_{\varepsilon} (u) := (1 - \Delta) u + \nabla V_{\varepsilon} \cdot \nabla u + (\xi_{\varepsilon} + c_{\varepsilon}) \cdot u + {{div} (\rho_{\varepsilon} \cdot u)}, \] we show that for a strongly converging regularised change of variables $\Theta_{\varepsilon} \rightarrow \Theta$ we have \[ A_{\varepsilon} \Theta_{\varepsilon} \rightarrow A \Theta in \mathcal{L} (H^2 ; L^2) \] which in particular implies norm resolvent convergence to a limiting closed operator. Finally, we give a class of examples and show how to apply these results to prove strong analytical local well-posedness for a singular Schrödinger equation formally given by \[ i \partial_t u + (1 - \Delta) u + \nabla V \cdot \nabla u + \xi \cdot u = - | u |^2 u \] for singular $V, \xi$ and that its solution is the limit of the solution of the classical solutions of a regularised equation

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07.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2602.21160

Not Just How Much, But Where: Decomposing Epistemic Uncertainty into Per-Class Contributions

作者:

Mame Diarra Toure↗David A. Stephens↗

arXiv:2602.21160v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In safety-critical classification, the cost of failure is often asymmetric, yet Bayesian deep learning summarises epistemic uncertainty with a single scalar, mutual information (MI), that cannot distinguish whether a model's ignorance involves a benign or safety-critical class. We decompose MI into a per-class vector $C_k(x)=\sigma_k^{2}/(2\mu_k)$, with $\mu_k{=}\mathbb{E}[p_k]$ and $\sigma_k^2{=}\mathrm{Var}[p_k]$ across posterior samples. The decomposition follows from a second-order Taylor expansion of the entropy; the $1/\mu_k$ weighting corrects boundary suppression and makes $C_k$ comparable across rare and common classes. By construction $\sum_k C_k \approx \mathrm{MI}$, and a companion skewness diagnostic flags inputs where the approximation degrades. After characterising the axiomatic properties of $C_k$, we validate it on three tasks: (i) selective prediction for diabetic retinopathy, where critical-class $C_k$ reduces selective risk by 34.7\% over MI and 56.2\% over variance baselines; (ii) out-of-distribution detection on clinical and image benchmarks, where $\sum_k C_k$ achieves the highest AUROC and the per-class view exposes asymmetric shifts invisible to MI; and (iii) a controlled label-noise study in which $\sum_k C_k$ shows less sensitivity to injected aleatoric noise than MI under end-to-end Bayesian training, while both metrics degrade under transfer learning. Across all tasks, the quality of the posterior approximation shapes uncertainty at least as strongly as the choice of metric, suggesting that how uncertainty is propagated through the network matters as much as how it is measured.

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08.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15305

CoMNeT: A MedNeXt-CorrDiff Framework for Volumetric Brain Tumor Segmentation

作者:

Michael L. Evans↗MD Fayaz Bin Hossen↗MD Shibly Sadique↗Walia Farzana↗Khan M. Iftekharuddin↗

Accurate brain tumor segmentation from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is critical for treatment planning, response assessment, and quantitative neuro-oncology research. However, automated segmentation remains a difficult task in computer vision because of variation in tumor appearance and MRI protocols across patient scans. Moreover, clinically important regions such as enhancing tumor (ET) and tumor core (TC) are often small relative to the full brain volume, furthering increasing the difficulty of achieving high voxel-level precision. In this paper, we show that combining a modern 3D convolutional segmentation model with corrective diffusion-based refinement and ensembling improves volumetric glioma segmentation on the UTSW-Glioma dataset. We propose CoMNeT, a MedNeXt-CorrDiff framework that uses four MRI modalities as input and predicts ET, TC, and whole tumor (WT) regions for automated brain tumor segmentation. MedNeXt is used as the primary segmentation model with Global Response Normalization for feature learning, while CorrDiff is trained as a postprocessing residual refinement method to correct errors in the probability maps before final thresholding. Using five-fold cross-validation, CoMNeT achieved the highest Dice score for most tumor regions, with ET, TC, WT, and average Dice scores of 0.7543 +/- 0.0261, 0.6806 +/- 0.0166, 0.9049 +/- 0.0128, and 0.7798 +/- 0.0184, respectively. CoMNeT outperformed two selected baseline models: SegResNet (0.7555 +/- 0.0190 average Dice) and standalone MedNeXt (0.7697 +/- 0.0154 average Dice). Our findings support the use of corrective diffusion and fold-level probability ensembling as practical additions to existing state-of-the-art 3D convolutional models for automated glioma segmentation.

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09.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.19992

Beyond Static Endpoints: Tool Programs as an Interface for Flexible Agentic Web Services

作者:

Mugeng Liu↗Shuoqi Li↗Yixuan Zhang↗Yun Ma↗

arXiv:2606.19992v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In the agentic web era, LLM-based agents increasingly invoke web services as tools, yet most interfaces remain static endpoints that poorly express long-horizon workflows with loops, conditionals, joins, and retries. We present ToolPro, which represents an agent's tool intent as an executable tool program that compactly encodes multi-step service interactions with explicit effect types. ToolPro combines constraint-guided program construction, effect-aware replay for exactly-once state-modifying calls, and a profile-driven policy that decides when program execution outperforms stepwise calling. We instantiate ToolPro over MCP-style services with WebAssembly sandboxing and evaluate it on diverse workflows of real-world applications. ToolPro reduces end-to-end latency by up to 53.4\% and client-side traffic by up to 96.1\%, with larger gains under higher network latency and workflow complexity.

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10.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.16496

REFLEX: Reflective Evolution from LLM Experience

作者:

Pan Wang↗

Large multimodal language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for guiding evolutionary search toward interpretable programmatic policies. However, existing frameworks rely on a monolithic model call to simultaneously interpret visual behavioral evidence and synthesize corrective code. This diagnosis-repair entanglement creates an opaque feedback loop, obscuring the rationale behind mutations and preventing the retention of algorithmic insights across independent runs. To achieve auditable and efficient policy search, we argue that visual diagnosis must be structurally decoupled from code generation. We present REFLEX, a train-free evolutionary framework that operationalizes this decoupling. In REFLEX, a vision-enabled Critic first distills task-specific behavioral evidence into structured, auditable diagnoses. Subsequently, a text-optimized Actor synthesizes child policies using these diagnoses alongside a persistent, self-evolving Skill Memory of reusable code snippets. This architecture not only provides transparent mutation traces but also enables cross-run programmatic knowledge transfer. Extensive evaluations across control benchmarks (Lunar Lander, Acrobot, Pendulum) and a 36-dimensional antenna array synthesis task demonstrate exceptional sample efficiency. Notably, REFLEX solves Acrobot and Pendulum in under 10 LLM calls and reaches a best Normalized Weighted Score of 1.092 on Lunar Lander, achieving highly competitive final performance while significantly accelerating the early-stage discovery of transparent policies.

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11.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17365

Time-spectral control of accidental coincidences in daylight entanglement-based free-space QKD

作者:

Jiyoung Moon↗Yonggi Jo↗Zaeill Kim↗Yong Sup Ihn↗Nam Hun Park↗

arXiv:2606.17365v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Daylight entanglement-based free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) is limited by accidental coincidences from receiver-admitted background light. We develop and experimentally validate a receiver-level framework linking receiver bandwidth, accepted temporal width, and background-noise density to Bob singles, sifted-key rate, error rate, and quantum bit error rate (QBER) in telecom-wavelength BBM92 QKD. Indoor sweeps show that useful sifted counts saturate near the source-matched bandwidth, whereas broader bandwidth or higher background mainly increases accidental contamination. Increasing the accepted temporal width leaves Bob singles nearly unchanged but directly raises QBER by enlarging the random-overlap probability. A two-dimensional design map shows that the temporal-window margin contracts rapidly with increasing background-to-signal ratio, while the bandwidth margin remains comparatively broad near source-matched filtering. A 10 m rooftop daylight experiment demonstrates operation in the predicted low-accidental regime, yielding a mean sifted-key rate of 2,811 cps and a mean QBER of 4.43%.

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12.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.07485

Quantum correlations in QBism's reconstruction program

作者:

Sachin Gupta↗Jacques Pienaar↗

arXiv:2606.07485v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: QBism recasts quantum theory as a normative framework for an agent's probability assignments, with the Born rule taking the form of a consistency condition known as the Urgleichung. Motivated by this perspective, qplex theories provide a broader class of probabilistic models in which the sets of valid states and measurements are constrained by QBist-inspired geometric conditions. While qplexes have been extensively studied for single systems, their implications for bipartite correlations remain largely unexplored. In this work, we investigate bipartite correlations in qplex theories by expressing joint expectation values as inner products between suitably defined $C$-vectors. This geometric formulation allows Bell-type inequalities to be studied as optimization problems over qplex-compatible probability assignments. We first analyze the CHSH scenario and show that the shared inner-product structure of the $C$-vectors restricts the maximal value to the Tsirelson bound $2\sqrt{2}$. We then turn to the three-outcome CGLMP inequality $I_{2233}$ and find that the same qplex-derived norm and inner-product constraints allow a violation of up to $\leq 2+2\sqrt(3)/3 \approx 3.1547$ versus the quantum maximum of $\approx 2.8729$, thereby exhibiting super-quantum correlations. These results show that qplex geometry captures enough structure to reproduce an important quantum bound in the two-outcome case, but not enough to recover the full set of quantum correlation constraints. The analysis therefore suggests that additional principles are needed to complete the QBist reconstruction of quantum theory.

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13.

medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-11 DOI: HASH:1ca0b596491b006c73a0d32106621d33

Allostatic Load in Endometrial Cancer Disparities

作者:

Bey↗G. S↗Bowen↗M. B↗Wu↗Boykin↗Bernard↗Zhang↗Melendez↗Celestino↗Batsis↗J. A↗…

Background: Endometrial cancer incidence and mortality are increasing, particularly among Black women and for aggressive subtypes. Allostatic load (AL), a composite measure of physiologic dysregulation across metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune systems, varies by racial category and tumor subtype in other cancers. Endometrial cancer is strongly associated with obesity, and it is unknown whether AL scores maintain sufficient heterogeneity to evaluate differences across subgroups or with clinical outcomes. Objective: To describe the performance of AL scoring in endometrial cancer patients and examine associations with tumor characteristics (grade/histology) and survival outcomes. Methods: We evaluated AL among 398 participants newly diagnosed with endometrial cancer. AL score was calculated by assigning 1 point for each ''high-risk'' value (by clinical reference range or distribution-based) for 15 biologic variables for vital signs, anthropometrics, blood-based biomarkers, and medical comorbidities. Results: Distribution-based thresholds for variables were used to preserve heterogeneity in this obesity-dominant context. Overall, 68.7% of Black women had high AL compared to White (56.7%), Hispanic (56.7%), and other race (32.3%) women. Decision tree analyses revealed grade-dependent associations between AL and survival. For women with low-grade tumors, higher AL was associated with poorer overall survival. For high-grade tumors, intermediate AL ([≥]4,

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14.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15376

CoAgent: Concurrency Control for Multi-Agent Systems

作者:

Hongtao Lyu↗Dingyan Zhang↗Mingyu Wu↗Xingda Wei↗Haibo Chen↗

arXiv:2606.15376v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-agent LLM systems – coding agents, devops agents, document agents – now routinely run several agents in parallel against the same git tree, Kubernetes cluster, or document. As soon as two of them mutate shared state, they enter the regime classical concurrency control has studied for decades, but classical mechanisms fit LLM agents poorly. A single agent transaction spans minutes of inference, read sets are broad and opaque rather than statically inferable, and the live state agents act on admits neither fork nor buffer, so writes take effect the moment they execute. Locks block long inference intervals; OCC abort-and-retry discards minutes of work on every conflict. This paper builds concurrency control on a capability classical transactions lack: the LLM inside each agent can judge whether a conflicting write invalidates its plan, and can repair exactly the operations that depended on it. Control therefore turns advisory: the runtime informs, the agent repairs. Our protocol, MTPO (Monotonic Trajectory Pre-Order), fixes a serialization order at launch, serves each read the order-filtered value, and applies writes speculatively in place; a one-way notification asks an affected reader to re-judge and patch its plan, while the framework mechanically undoes and reorders misplaced writes through the saga-style inverse each tool registers in advance. At quiescence the run is serializable in the pre-decided order. We realize MTPO as CoAgent, toolcall middleware whose privileged ToolSmith grows footprint-declared, undoable tools online. On ten contended workloads, CoAgent stays within 5\% of serial correctness at a $1.4\times$ speedup and near-serial token cost, where 2PL and OCC surrender nearly all concurrency gains; on a bash-only target system, it grows a 25-tool library online and lifts the task pass rate from 45/71 to 63/71 at $0.80\times$ the time and $0.86\times$ the cost.

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15.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2606.23722

Quantum-enhanced estimation of stimulated Raman optical activity

作者:

Mahadeva Chanda Durjoy↗Girish S. Agarwal↗

arXiv:2606.23722v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In recent times there has been growing interest in Raman optical activity (ROA) for its label free detection of absolute configuration, conformation, and stereochemical structure in chiral biosamples and drug molecules. Since ROA signals are generally small, techniques such as stimulation by a probe beam can be used to enhance the signal strength. However, with a classical probe, the measurement precision is still fundamentally limited by its shot noise. To solve this problem we propose the use of two-mode squeezed vacuum and show that it can achieve sub-shot noise limited measurement sensitivity. Using quantum estimation theory, we derived the quantum Fisher information and the quantum Cramér-Rao bound (QCRB) for stimulated ROA measurement to quantify the precision enhancement. This improvement comes from photon-number correlations which suppress the intensity fluctuation common to both modes. We further show that balanced detection of the output intensity difference is a practical measurement scheme that approaches the QCRB and becomes optimal in the small-chirality limit. This opens a promising path toward more sensitive Raman chiroptical spectroscopy of weak and photosensitive samples.

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16.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.18425

From Specification to Execution: AI Assisted Scientific Workflow Management

作者:

Komal Thareja↗Hamza Safri↗Rajiv Mayani↗Anirban Mandal↗Ewa Deelman↗

arXiv:2606.18425v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scientific workflow management systems (WMS) support scalable and reproducible execution of complex pipelines, but workflow design, implementation, and debugging remain largely manual and require significant expertise. Recent approaches using large language models (LLMs) show promise for workflow generation from natural language, but often rely on direct code synthesis, which limits transparency, reproducibility, and integration with workflow systems. We present an AI-assisted approach to scientific workflow management that combines specification-driven workflow generation, automated debugging, and distributed execution. The method introduces a structured specification phase that separates workflow intent, design, and implementation, allowing validation prior to code generation. We also develop an LLM-based debugging agent that diagnoses and resolves failures across multiple system layers. To support distributed execution and user interaction, we integrate Pegasus, a widely used WMS, with a Model Context Protocol (MCP) layer, providing a unified interface for workflow submission, monitoring, and control. We evaluate the approach using a federated learning workflow for medical imaging, chosen for its parallel, iterative, and dependency-intensive structure. The system generated and executed large-scale workflows with thousands of jobs, reduced debugging effort, and allowed non-expert users to construct workflows with expert-level design patterns. These results indicate that end-to-end AI-assisted workflow generation and execution is feasible, and point toward AI-driven platforms for managing the scientific workflow lifecycle.

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17.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2606.23032

IPO Finance Agent: Evaluation of LLM Financial Analysts beyond Finance Agent v2, with Automated Rubric Generation – the Case of the SpaceX (SPCX) IPO

作者:

Mostapha Benhenda↗

arXiv:2606.23032v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Finance Agent v2 (by Vals AI) has emerged as the reference benchmark for evaluating both Anthropic Claude and OpenAI ChatGPT frontier language models on financial tasks. However, it narrowly deals with periodic reporting from publicly traded companies (SEC 10-K and 10-Q filings), and its agentic harness relies on naive, unenriched chunk retrieval. Neither the task design nor the retrieval approach addresses the distinct challenges of IPO due diligence. SEC S-1 filings combine historical financial statements, governance structures, pro forma and common-control accounting treatments, capital-formation narratives, and underwriting-sensitive risk disclosures within substantially longer documents than typical periodic filings. That is why we introduce IPO Finance Agent, which extends the Finance Agent v2 framework along two directions: task domain and retrieval architecture. During our experiments, the original Finance Agent v2 harness basically failed to deliver any output related to the SpaceX S-1 filing, due to document length. We therefore had to improve the agentic harness with contextual retrieval, a more realistic and industry-standard approach for long documents. We also built a dataset of 1,000 IPO-diligence questions, and publicly release 70 questions on the SpaceX (SPCX) S-1 filing to support reproducibility, while the remainder are held private to guard against benchmark contamination. In addition, we introduce an evaluator-optimizer pipeline to automatically generate evaluation rubrics for the benchmark: candidate facts are extracted from model answers, consolidated into draft criteria, then automatically audited for omissions, hallucinations, mistiered items, and redundancy, with LLM feedback driving iterative repair, targeted enrichment, and deduplication. Human experts only review final rubrics before deployment. Results show that the best-performing evaluated model, Alibaba Qwen 3.7 Max, reaches 79.4% accuracy at 0.30 USD per query, and the most cost-efficient model on the resulting Pareto frontier, Xiaomi MiMo-2.5 Pro, reaches slightly lower accuracy (76.8%) at 0.05 USD per query. Both exceed the current Finance Agent v2 leaderboard ceiling-Google Gemini 3.5 Flash at 57.9% for 2.51 USD per querywhile undercutting even FABv2's cheapest entry (MiniMax M3: 48.3% at 0.32 USD) on cost-efficiency. Code and data are released on GitHub: https://github.com/benstaf/ipoagent

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18.

PLOS Computational Biology 2026-06-22 DOI: HASH:4dcdcd6182e8854d4b1a7af088809c4c

Cell-type resolved transcriptional network analysis of <i>in vivo</i> cellular senescence following injury

作者:

Alda Sabalic↗

by Alda Sabalic, Victoria Moiseeva, Andres Cisneros, Oleg Deryagin, Eusebio Perdiguero, Pura Muñoz-Cánoves, Jordi Garcia-Ojalvo Identifying the genetic correlates of complex phenotypes is a challenging task. Methods coming from the field of complex networks can help finding such molecular patterns, by revealing statistical associations among groups of genes that correlate with the phenotype. Here we study cellular senescence, a complex cell state whose molecular underpinnings are still under active investigation. We analyze cell type–resolved RNA sequencing data obtained from injured muscle tissue in mice, with a network-based approach that merges eigenvector centrality feature selection and community detection. Our analysis identifies genetic markers that had not been associated with senescence so far, which are validated with existing single-cell RNA sequencing data in a different type of tissue. The identified key genes belong to transcriptional pathways associated with established hallmarks of senescence, and thus can be interpreted as molecular correlates of such hallmarks. The method proposed here could be applied to any complex cellular phenotype even when only bulk RNA sequencing is available, provided the data is resolved by cell type.

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19.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.08402

SceneConductor: 3D Scene Generation from a Single Image with Multi-Agent Orchestration

作者:

Jeonghwan Kim↗Yushi Lan↗Yongwei Chen↗Hieu Trung Nguyen↗Chuanyu Pan↗Xingang Pan↗

Generating complete 3D scenes from a single image requires inferring globally consistent geometry, object relationships, and environmental context from inherently ambiguous visual evidence. Despite recent progress in joint layout-and-mesh generation, existing methods often rely on holistic or weakly decomposed pipelines that entangle many factors at once and demand extensive scene-level supervision, limiting their generalization to complex real-world environments. We propose a multi-agent orchestration framework that decomposes single-image 3D scene generation into three structured stages: scene initialization, environment construction, and multi-agent refinement. The initialization stage extracts image-derived object masks, builds object-level 3D representations, and predicts an initial spatial layout to form a coarse 3D scene. The environment-construction stage then leverages this initialization together with point-map geometry to build an environmental scaffold of supporting surfaces, room boundaries, materials, and illumination. Finally, in the refinement stage, a planner agent identifies structural and visual inconsistencies, applies simple corrections directly, and dispatches specialist agents for complex localized revisions that are reintegrated into the global scene. To provide reliable structural initialization while reducing reliance on scene-level annotations, we further introduce a geometry-aware layout predictor supervised by sparse geometric priors derived from point maps. Unlike fully supervised layout generators, the predictor can be trained from segmentation-level data and generalizes robustly to diverse real-world scenes. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets show that our method consistently outperforms prior approaches in geometric accuracy, spatial consistency, and perceptual realism.

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20.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2606.12503

Dolph2Vec: Self-Supervised Representations of Dolphin Vocalizations

作者:

Chiara Semenzin↗Faadil Mustun↗Roberto Dessi↗Pierre Orhan↗Alexis Emanuelli↗Yair Lakretz↗Gonzalo de Polavieja↗German Sumbre↗

arXiv:2606.12503v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Self-supervised learning (SSL) has opened new opportunities in bioacoustics by enabling scalable modeling of animal vocalizations without the need for expensive manual annotation. However, current SSL models in this domain prioritize broad generalization across species and are not optimized for uncovering the fine-grained structure of individual communication systems. In this work, we collect and release a novel dataset of over five years of longitudinal recordings, from five known dolphins in a semi-naturalistic marine environment, an unprecedented resource for studying dolphin communication. We adapt the Wav2Vec2.0 Baevski et al. (2020) architecture to this domain and introduce Dolph2Vec, the first large-scale, species-specific SSL model trained exclusively on this data. We benchmark our model on two biologically relevant tasks: signature whistle classification and whistle detection. Dolph2Vec significantly outperforms general-purpose baselines in both tasks. Beyond performance, we show that learned embeddings and codebook structure capture interpretable acoustic units aligned with dolphin whistle categories and possibly sub-whistle structure, enabling fine-grained analysis of communication patterns. Our findings demonstrate how SSL can serve as both a model and a scientific tool to explore hypotheses in animal communication research.

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21.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2605.00432

Optimal Spatio-Temporal Decoupling for Bayesian Conformal Prediction

作者:

Yu-Hsueh Fang↗Chia-Yen Lee↗

arXiv:2605.00432v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Online conformal prediction must balance fast adaptation to distribution shift against stable coverage: feedback-driven methods react quickly but become volatile, while strongly discounted Bayesian methods lag and inflate intervals at tight coverage. We introduce State-Adaptive Bayesian Conformal Prediction (SA-BCP), which forms the predictive quantile as a gated convex combination of long-term temporal inertia and local spatial evidence from a kernel density estimate, controlled by a single interpretable evidence threshold $K$. We establish three results: (i) asymptotic marginal validity of the resulting intervals; (ii) a closed-form expression for the MSE-optimal threshold, $K^*_{\mathrm{MSE}}=\alpha(1-\alpha)/M^{\mathcal{T}}$, trading the coverage-indicator (Bernoulli) variance against the temporal structural bias $M^{\mathcal{T}}$; and (iii) a rolling-origin procedure for selecting $K$ online – consistent under stationarity, with $O(\sqrt{T\log N})$ regret against the best fixed $K$ and, for a segmented variant, a sublinear dynamic-regret bound under bounded drift. Across four financial-volatility and weather datasets, three target coverage levels, and eight baselines (including the strongest recent conditional-quantile methods, SPCI and KOWCPI), SA-BCP attains at-or-above-nominal coverage in most settings while producing substantially sharper intervals – up to roughly $3\times$ lower Winkler score than discounted Bayesian CP at the tightest coverage – and a coverage-matched audit confirms these efficiency gains are not an artifact of under-coverage. We disclose one principal limitation: a volatility-specialized conformal-GARCH competitor remains more efficient on its home volatility-base series, though it does not transfer across domains.

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22.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.25002

TRACER: Training-Free Closed-Loop Structured Inference for Traffic Accident Reconstruction

作者:

Yanchen Guan↗Chengyue Wang↗Bin Rao↗Haicheng Liao↗Jiaxun Zhang↗Shang Gao↗Chengzhong Xu↗Zhenning Li↗

arXiv:2606.25002v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Traffic accident reconstruction is a forensic inverse problem that requires recovering physically consistent motion from sparse and heterogeneous evidence. Existing learning-based approaches predominantly optimize for semantic plausibility or visual realism, rather than quantitative agreement with measurable geometry and dynamics. Here, we present TRACER, a training-free framework that formulates reconstruction as a closed-loop structured inference process. Instead of directly generating dense trajectories, our framework constructs and iteratively refines event-anchored motion hypotheses under geometric, kinematic, and interaction constraints, guided by structured case memory and consistency-driven diagnosis. This design enables incremental, interpretable corrections when evidence is insufficient, making the accident reconstruction process more aligned with the workflow of human experts. Experiments on real-world accident data show that TRACER achieves improved geometric fidelity, velocity consistency, and collision accuracy over both data-driven and physics-based baselines.

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23.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15390

Not All Skills Help: Measuring and Repairing Agent Knowledge

作者:

Yixuan Wang↗Yiyang Zhou↗Yiming Liang↗Congyu Zhang↗Fuxiao Liu↗Jiawei Zhou↗Huaxiu Yao↗

LLM agents can improve without weight updates by accumulating natural-language skills from experience, but current systems entrust every decision about which skills to keep and how to apply them to LLM judgment alone. We argue that this conflates two distinct roles: generating a skill from experience is a creative act that judgment handles well, while deciding whether that skill actually helps requires empirical evidence across many tasks. Measuring per-skill causal contributions via randomized masking, we find that skill libraries exhibit pervasive causal heterogeneity: individual skills routinely help on some task types while hurting on others, yet their opposing effects cancel in aggregate, making them invisible to global curation methods. We propose ASSAY, a framework that separates generation from curation: it computes a per-skill causal attribution on a small development set, restructures the library offline, and suppresses skills with negative predicted effect for each test task. Across seven base models spanning four providers and two benchmarks (AppWorld and tau-bench), ASSAY consistently improves over prior skill-curation approaches. On AppWorld's hardest split, DeepSeek-V3 achieves 69.3% task-goal completion (47.4% relative improvement), a new state of the art among all published methods including weight-tuned approaches. On tau-bench retail, GPT-4.1 improves by 8.7% relative, advancing past o4-mini, o1, and GPT-4.5 on the public leaderboard without any weight modification. Ablation traces the dominant gain to per-task masking, confirming that the bottleneck is matching skills to tasks at inference time, not removing bad skills globally. Code is available at https://github.com/aiming-lab/assay.

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24.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-12 DOI: arXiv:2606.13071

"Is This Not Enough?": Asymmetries in Institutional Accountability and Collective Sensemaking in the Case of Canada's Algorithmic Visa Triage System

作者:

Dipto Das↗Matthew Tamura↗Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed↗Shion Guha↗

arXiv:2606.13071v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper examines how algorithmic accountability in Canada's visa system is articulated institutionally and experienced by applicants across borders. We analyzed Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)'s Algorithmic Impact Assessment (AIA) for the temporary resident visa (TRV) triage system using the algorithmic decision-making adapted for the public sector (ADMAPS) framework and analyzed Reddit discussions among applicants using a mixed-methods approach. We show that while institutional artifacts emphasize transparency, procedural safeguards, and bounded impacts, applicants engage in collective sensemaking to interpret opaque decisions, often relying on peer knowledge amid uncertainty. We identify three asymmetries between how institutional accountability is structured and how people perceive the process: epistemic asymmetry in access to decision logic, jurisdictional asymmetry in exposure shaped by geopolitical positioning, and temporal–relational asymmetry in how waiting and uncertainty are experienced. We emphasize why it is important to shift attention from institutional design to the uneven distribution of experiences with public-sector algorithmic governance. Together, these contributions demonstrate how algorithmic governance systems in the context of transnational migration produce structured asymmetries not captured by institutional disclosure frameworks, and how extending ADMAPS can account for those uneven translations of accountability.

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25.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.20346

Effective discrete-modulated continuous variable QKD under general attacks

作者:

Mariana Navarro↗Antonio Ac\'in↗Carlos Pascual-Garc\'ia↗

arXiv:2606.20346v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continuous variable quantum key distribution via discrete modulations ensures information-theoretic security using standard telecom technologies, providing affordable and scalable quantum communications with simplified classical postprocessing. However, existing security proofs against general attacks often rely on restrictive assumptions, such as a bounded dimension for coherent states, or require impractically large block sizes. In this work, we develop a finite-size security analysis that removes these limitations while incorporating realistic experimental features. Our approach combines the dimension reduction technique, a security proof based on the marginal-constrained entropy accumulation, and a trusted detector model accounting for the receiver imperfections. We report positive key rates in the finite-size regime for relevant block sizes of the order of $10^8$. These results contribute to narrowing the gap between theoretical security proofs and practical implementations of discrete-modulated continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols.

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