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01.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-15

Structured Noise Adaptation for Sequential Bayesian Filtering with Embedded Latent Transfer Operators

arXiv:2606.14195v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Kalman filters based on the Embedded Latent Transfer Operators (ELTO) emerge as novel statistical tools for sequential state estimation. However, a critical limitation stems from their use of simplified noise models, which fail to dynamically adapt to non-stationary processes. To address this limitation, we introduce an ELTO-based Bayesian filtering approach with a new structured parameterization for the filter's noise model. This parameterization enables structured noise adaptation, which couples the data-driven learning of an optimal time-invariant noise model with dynamic parameter adaptation that responds to changes in dynamics within non-stationary processes. Empirical results show that our structured noise adaptation improves the filter's dynamic state estimation performance in noisy, time-varying environments.

02.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11

ISE: An Execution-Grounded Recipe for Multi-Turn OS-Agent Trajectories

Training capable OS agents requires data that simultaneously captures structured user intents, multi-turn task delegation, and grounded tool execution–properties absent from existing datasets. We propose ISE (Intent -> Simulate -> Execute), a three-stage synthesis paradigm that addresses these gaps jointly. Stage 1 constructs roughly 50000 structured intents via a 4D framework (Persona x Domain x Task x Complexity); after deduplication the pool contains 43956 unique intents and attains a Vendi Score of 61.57 over the entire pool on mpnet-base-v2 embeddings (cosine kernel, q=1). Stage 2 drives multi-turn user-agent interaction through a role-locked user simulator that grounds each user turn in actual execution outcomes, producing 23132 complete trajectories averaging 8.12 user turns and 68.24 total dialogue turns. Stage 3 runs every tool call inside a live, isolated OS workspace, generating authentic failure-recovery dynamics instead of simulated responses. Fine-tuning on ISETrace improves ClawEval pass@1 from 19.3 to 37.7 using Qwen3-8B on agent tool-use tasks with a standard protocol. This result outperforms zero-shot GPT-4o and the larger Qwen3-32B base model which is four times bigger. An ablation on Stage 2 proves multi-turn simulation brings a large portion of the performance gain. We release all source code and dataset at https://github.com/Valiere01/ISE-Trace.

03.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-11

Privacy-Preserving Federated Autoencoder for ECG Anomaly Detection on Edge Devices

arXiv:2606.11556v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Continuous electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring could surface rhythm abnormalities before they escalate into cardiovascular events. However, a deployable system must satisfy three requirements simultaneously: legal-grade privacy (GDPR, HIPAA), real-time inference on constrained edge hardware, and detection quality under non-IID cross-hospital data. We design and evaluate an end-to-end federated system addressing all three for unsupervised 12-lead ECG anomaly detection on PTB-XL dataset, combining three autoencoder families (VanillaAE, ConvAE, VAE), Flower-based federated averaging (FedAvg) across ten simulated hospitals, client-side differentially private SGD (DP-SGD) with a Rényi-DP accountant, and 8-bit integer (INT8) post-training quantization with Raspberry Pi 4 benchmarking. Our main contributions are: an empirical characterization of how these mechanisms compose, practical DP-specific recommendations, and technical and security insights for a clinically sensitive setting. Federated learning matches or exceeds the centralized baseline across all architectures (ConvAE federated area under the ROC curve, AUROC, $0.782$), and an $\varepsilon$ sweep identifies $\varepsilon=4$ as the recommended clinical operating point. INT8 quantization roughly halves model size and cuts Pi 4 latency by up to $44%$ with $

04.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-25

Tracing Target Answers in Poisoned Retrieval Corpora via Token Influence Attribution

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are vulnerable to corpus poisoning attacks that manipulate model outputs through malicious retrieved documents. Existing detection methods typically rely on auxiliary classifiers or additional LLM-based verification, introducing substantial computational overhead. We present TRACE, a lightweight detection framework that identifies poisoning attacks by tracing answer-related tokens through token influence attribution. TRACE first discovers recurrent high-influence keywords across retrieved documents and then performs a secondary verification to confirm their influence on model predictions. Experiments on three QA benchmarks and six LLMs demonstrate strong detection performance while simultaneously uncovering attacker-specified target answers.

05.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-24

Pembrolizumab, Temozolomide and HSPPC-96 Vaccine in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Post-Chemoradiation: Results from a Multi-institutional, Phase 2, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: GBM is one of the most common and most aggressive brain tumors in adults, and upfront standard of care treatment has limited efficacy. Immune checkpoint inhibitor strategies have significantly improved outcomes in various solid tumors but have not proven effective in GBM, suggesting other strategies may be needed to realize their full potential. Methods: GBM patients were treated with upfront standard of care chemoradiation with temozolomide and pembrolizumab, followed by adjuvant temozolomide and pembrolizumab for six nine-week cycles. Depending on production of sufficient vaccine, patients were randomized into HSPPC-96 vaccine or placebo group (q4 weeks) while those with failed vaccine production continued on study unblinded as an ancillary group. The primary objective was overall survival at one year, and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival at six months, overall and progression-free survival, radiographic response, and tolerability by patient-reported outcomes and adverse event documentation. Results: 90 patients were screened, 32 were treated (8 vaccine, 9 placebo, 15 ancillary), and 26 were evaluable for radiographic responses prior to accrual termination. The study did not meet its primary endpoint of overall survival at one year (65.5% in vaccine group, 75% in placebo). Progression-free endpoints were mildly improved in the vaccine group but were not significant, and response rates were not significantly different. The regimen was well-tolerated and safe. Conclusions: Though limited by early discontinuation, these findings do not support the combination of pembrolizumab and HSPPC-96 vaccine with standard of care therapy. Trials Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03018288

06.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-11

From Simulation to Real-World: An In-Field 6D Pose Dataset and Baseline for Robotic Strawberry Harvesting

Robotic strawberry harvesting requires precise 6D pose estimation; however, collecting 6D pose ground truth in real agricultural fields is inherently challenging. Existing 6D pose estimation methods have therefore relied solely on synthetic data that lacks scene-level realism, leaving their performance under real agricultural field conditions unquantified. In this work, we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first real-world 6D pose ground truth dataset of strawberries collected in actual agricultural fields (12,040 images). We also introduce a synthetic dataset rendered in NVIDIA Isaac Sim, featuring scene-level realism and domain randomization. Nevertheless, our experiments reveal that a significant sim-to-real gap persists, underscoring the necessity of real agricultural field data for reliable evaluation. We further quantify the sim-to-real gap through baseline 6D pose estimation results across backbone encoders, serving as a reference for future work. The real-world dataset will be made available upon acceptance.

07.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-24

PointVG-R: Internalizing Geometric Reasoning in MLLMs for Precise Pointing Localization via Visual Chain of Thought

Pointing-based visual grounding requires models to precisely locate target objects by deciphering complex spatial relationships between the visual scene and pointing gestures. Traditional methods typically encode input images into static feature representations and perform reasoning primarily within the linguistic domain, often overlooking the rich perceptual cues and explicit spatial geometry inherent in images. In this study, we aim to mitigate the cognitive vulnerability of models in interpreting gestural spatial relations by proposing PointVG-R, a reasoning-guided Multi-modal Large Language Model (MLLM). PointVG-R introduces geometric-aware reasoning for pointing-based grounding, enabling the model to think with images through the strategic integration of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and cold-start data. Specifically, we design a novel geometric reasoning pipeline that simulates the iterative cognitive process humans employ when interpreting pointing gestures. Furthermore, we construct EgoPoint-CoT, a high-quality visual Chain-of-Thought (CoT) dataset featuring detailed reasoning trajectories to guide the model via Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and RL. To address the varying quality of learning signals encountered during training, we further propose an Adaptive Importance Weighting strategy based on Group Variance, which dynamically adjusts reward signals to optimize the learning process. Experimental results demonstrate that PointVG-R achieves SOTA performance, outperforming the baseline by $15.86$ points in mIoU. Extensive ablation studies further validate the efficacy of our proposed modules. Code: https://github.com/lingli1724/PointVG-R.

08.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-17

Dimensionality Controls When Modularity Helps in Continual Learning

arXiv:2606.17889v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Compositional learning systems must balance plasticity, the ability to acquire new knowledge, with stability, the preservation of previously learned components, especially when tasks share structure and risk interference. We study how modular architecture, task similarity, and representational dimensionality jointly shape compositional continual learning in a sequential A-B-A paradigm, comparing a task-partitioned recurrent network to a single-network baseline while inducing high- and low-dimensional regimes via weight-scale manipulations. In a high-dimensional "lazy" regime, both architectures achieve similar performance and internal geometry, suggesting that explicit modular structure has little impact when representations are weakly constrained. In a lower-dimensional "rich" regime, modularity becomes decisive: the modular network develops graded task-specific subspaces that overlap for similar tasks, partially align for moderately dissimilar tasks, and separate for dissimilar tasks, yielding a more compositional and interpretable organization than the single network. These findings identify the representational regime induced by initialization scale, which co-varies with representational dimensionality, as a key factor governing when compositional, modular structure is functionally beneficial in continual learning, and support viewing safety and robustness as problems of adaptive allocation of representational subspaces rather than fixed separation versus sharing.

09.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-12

ReCal: Reward Calibration for RL-based LLM Routing

arXiv:2606.12479v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) routing has emerged as an effective paradigm for leveraging the complementary strengths of multiple LLMs through dynamic model and reasoning-strategy selection. Recent reinforcement learning (RL)-based routing methods further improve routing quality by optimizing routing policies from interaction feedback. However, they still struggle to provide informative and comparable learning signals under heterogeneous tasks with varying difficulty. In practice, multiple objectives (e.g., correctness, format behavior) are aggregated into a single scalar reward, leading to ambiguous credit assignment and conflicting optimization signals. Moreover, reward signals exhibit significant variability across instances, where some instances produce higher or more variable rewards, introducing optimization bias that favors trivial samples over informative ones. To address these issues, we propose ReCal, a \underline{Re}ward \underline{Cal}ibration framework for RL-based LLM routing. We first introduce a hierarchical reward decomposition mechanism with component-wise advantage estimation. We further propose a distribution-aware optimization strategy that calibrates optimization variability through variance-aware reweighting and per-dataset normalization. Experiments on seven datasets demonstrate that ReCal consistently improves routing performance, and training stability over baselines. Code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/ReCal.

10.
Science (Express) 2026-06-18

Dynamic asymmetric strain imprinted into substrates by an oxide thin film | Science

作者: 未知作者

In film-substrate systems, the substrate role is often considered to be limited to providing static mechanical constraints. Dynamic film-substrate interactions when a structural change in the film modifies the substrate are generally disregarded. Using combined X-ray and electron microscopies, we observed that the electrically induced filament in a VO 2 film created strong asymmetric strain in the underlying Al 2 O 3 substate. This asymmetric substrate strain fed back into the film and defined the filament expansion direction, revealing the importance of film-substrate dynamic interactions in determining film functionality. Furthermore, the strain imprint propagated at least tens of microns deep into the substrate, exceeding the film thickness more than 200 times, potentially enabling substrate functionalization as an active mechanical coupling media in 3D-integrated microelectronics architectures.

11.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-16

Exercise Training Improves Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity and Reprograms the Adipose Transcriptome in Heavier Monozygotic Twins

Exercise training improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, yet its effects on white adipose tissue remain incompletely understood. We investigated how adiposity and exercise training influence insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT), alongside adaptations in gene expression and DNA-methylation. Ten monozygotic twin pairs discordant for BMI underwent [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging of skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis, VL) and ASAT during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp before and after six months of exercise training. VL and ASAT biopsies were analyzed using mRNA-sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Exercise training improved whole-body and VL insulin sensitivity in leaner and heavier co-twins (p

12.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-15

Fanconi Anemia as a Window into Premalignant Field Cancerization of the Oral Mucosa

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) evolves through stepwise clonal expansion within genetically altered mucosa fields, yet actionable biomarkers remain undefined. Leveraging Fanconi anemia (FA), a cancer predisposition syndrome with extreme HNSCC risk due to defective DNA interstrand crosslink repair, we profiled premalignant changes in the oral cavity using noninvasive brush biopsies. Consistent with our prior demonstration of genomic instability in FA-associated SCCs, we detected pathogenic TP53 variants in 26% and copy number alterations in 60.5% in clinically normal-appearing oral mucosa of individuals with FA. These subclinical clonal expansions define candidate biomarkers of early clonal evolution amenable to serial sampling for risk stratification and prevention studies. Since FA-associated SCCs share genomic features with sporadic HNSCC, these findings may extend to the broader population. We also identify somatic reversion of a pathogenic FANCB variant, providing evidence of genomic self-correction and suggesting a potential avenue for gene-based cancer prevention in FA.

13.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11

ASRU: Activation Steering Meets Reinforcement Unlearning for Multimodal Large Language Models

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) may memorize sensitive cross-modal information during pretraining, making machine unlearning (MU) crucial. Existing methods typically evaluate unlearning effectiveness based on output deviations, while overlooking the generation quality after unlearning. This can easily lead to hallucinated or rigid responses, thereby affecting the usability and safety of the unlearned model. To address this issue, we propose ASRU, a controllable multimodal unlearning framework that incorporates generation quality as a core evaluation objective. ASRU first induces initial refusal behavior through activation redirection, and then optimizes fine-grained refusal boundaries using a customized reward function, thereby achieving a better trade-off between target knowledge unlearning and model utility. Experiments on Qwen3-VL show that ASRU significantly improves unlearning effectiveness (+24.6%) on average and generation quality (5.8X) on average while effectively preserving model utility, using only a small amount of retained supervision data.

14.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16

The Initial Exploration Problem in Knowledge Graph Exploration

arXiv:2602.21066v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Knowledge Graphs (KGs) enable the integration and representation of complex information across domains, but their semantic richness and structural complexity create substantial barriers for lay users without expertise in semantic web technologies. When encountering an unfamiliar KG, such users face a distinct orientation challenge: they do not know what questions are possible, how the knowledge is structured, or how to begin exploration. This paper identifies and theorises this phenomenon as the Initial Exploration Problem (IEP). Drawing on theories from information behaviour and human-computer interaction, including ASK, exploratory search, information foraging, and cognitive load theory, we develop a conceptual framing of the IEP characterised by three interdependent barriers: scope uncertainty, ontology opacity, and query incapacity. We argue that these barriers converge at the moment of first contact, distinguishing the IEP from related concepts that presuppose an existing starting point or information goal. Analysing KG exploration interfaces at the level of interaction primitives, we suggest that many systems rely on epistemic assumptions that do not hold at first contact. This reveals a structural gap in the design space: the absence of interaction primitives for scope revelation, mechanisms that communicate what a KG contains without requiring users to formulate queries or interpret ontological structures. In articulating the IEP, this paper provides a theoretical lens for evaluating KG interfaces and for designing entry-point scaffolding that supports initial exploration.

15.
arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-25

Pointwise Hurst Estimation via Scale Accumulation: A Noise-Robust Approach for Rough Volatility

arXiv:2606.25771v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce an estimator for the pointwise, time-varying Hölder exponent (Hurst parameter) of a stochastic process, based on the geometry accumulation integral G_Lambda(t) = integral from Lambda to 1 of |eth_s X(t)| s^{-1} ds, where eth_s X(t) = (X(t+s)-X(t))/s is the scale derivative at resolution s. We prove consistency, noise robustness with explicit threshold Lambda* = sigma^{1/H}, and a CLT at rate (log Lambda)^{-1/2}. The estimator is pointwise in time, defined at finite resolution, and eliminates microstructure noise by scale separation. Existing estimators give a global H from integrated variance; this gives a time-varying H(t) directly from the price path.

16.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16

Utility-Diversity Aware Online Batch Selection for LLM Supervised Fine-tuning

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a commonly used technique to adapt large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. In practice, SFT on a full dataset is computationally expensive and sometimes suffers from overfitting or bias amplification. This facilitates the rise of data curation in SFT, which prioritizes the most valuable data to optimze. This work studies the online batch selection family that dynamically scores and filters samples during the training process. However, existing popular methods often (i) rely merely on the utility of data to select a subset while neglecting other crucial factors like diversity, (ii) rely on external resources such as reference models or validation sets, and (iii) incur extra training time over full-dataset training. To address these limitations, this work develops UDS (Utility-Diversity Sampling), a framework for efficient online batch selection in SFT. UDS leverages the nuclear norm of the logits matrix to capture both data utility and intra-sample diversity, while estimating inter-sample diversity through efficient low-dimensional embedding comparisons with a lightweight memory buffer of historical samples. Such a design eliminates the need for external resources and unnecessary backpropagation, securing computational efficiency. Experiments on multiple benchmarks demonstrate that UDS consistently outperforms state-of-the-art online batch selection methods under varying data budgets, and significantly reduces training time compared to full-dataset fine-tuning. Code is available at https://github.com/gfyddha/UDS.

17.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-19

TerraMind: Large-Scale Generative Multimodality for Earth Observation

arXiv:2504.11171v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present TerraMind, the first any-to-any generative, multimodal foundation model for Earth observation (EO). Unlike other multimodal models, TerraMind is pretrained on dual-scale representations combining both token-level and pixel-level data across modalities. On a token level, TerraMind encodes high-level contextual information to learn cross-modal relationships, while on a pixel level, TerraMind leverages fine-grained representations to capture critical spatial nuances. We pretrained TerraMind on nine geospatial modalities of a global, large-scale dataset. In this paper, we demonstrate that (i) TerraMind's dual-scale early fusion approach unlocks a range of zero-shot and few-shot applications for Earth observation, (ii) TerraMind introduces "Thinking-in-Modalities" (TiM) – the capability of generating additional artificial data during finetuning and inference to improve the model output – and (iii) TerraMind achieves beyond state-of-the-art performance in community-standard benchmarks for EO like PANGAEA. The pretraining dataset, the model weights, and our code are open-sourced under a permissive license.

18.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-19

Approximating optimal decoding of quantum LDPC codes with narrow frontiers

arXiv:2606.20513v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce the Frontier decoder, a pruned dynamic-programming decoder for sparse quantum decoding problems. Frontier processes error variables in a chosen order, merges prefixes with the same residual syndrome and logical label, and approximates logical-coset posterior masses by retaining only a narrow scored frontier. Without pruning, the recursion is exact ordered inference with exponential complexity. In the code-capacity setting, the decoder reaches thresholds close to optimal for the surface code and the color code. In the circuit-level noise model, it achieves state-of-the-art performance with a very small average retained list size: less than 100 for the gross code $[[144,12,12]]$ at a physical error rate of $0.001$. When the list size is constant, the decoder has linear complexity, suggesting the possibility of low-latency implementations.

19.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11

RLCSD: Reinforcement Learning with Contrastive On-Policy Self-Distillation

On-policy self-distillation (OPSD) provides dense, token-level supervision for reasoning models by aligning a model's own distribution with the distribution it produces under privileged context, typically a verified solution. However, we show that the learning signal drawn from this distributional gap concentrates on style tokens rather than task-bearing ones, as the hinted model tends to produce more direct, shorter outputs. We term this pathology privilege-induced style drift, which destabilizes training or causes response length to shrink. To address this, we propose RLCSD (Reinforcement Learning with Contrastive on-policy Self-Distillation), which mitigates this drift by contrasting the teacher-student gap under a correct hint against that under a wrong hint, suppressing the style shift that conditioning on a hint tends to induce regardless of correctness, and yielding a signal that is more concentrated on task-bearing tokens. Experiments on Qwen3 (1.7B/4B/8B) and Olmo-3-7B-Think across mathematical and logical reasoning show that RLCSD consistently outperforms GRPO and prior OPSD methods. We further show that the contrastive principle is general: it plugs into existing OPSD methods to improve them, and its underlying insight extends to the broader cross-model on-policy distillation setting.

20.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-25

Flexible Gravitational-Wave Parameter Estimation with Transformers

arXiv:2512.02968v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Gravitational-wave data analysis relies on accurate and efficient methods to extract physical information from noisy detector signals, yet the increasing rate and complexity of observations represent a growing challenge. Deep learning provides a powerful alternative to traditional inference, but existing neural models typically lack the flexibility to handle variations in data analysis settings. Such variations accommodate imperfect observations or are required for specialized tests, and could include changes in detector configurations, overall frequency ranges, or localized cuts. We introduce a flexible transformer-based architecture paired with a training strategy that enables adaptation to diverse analysis settings at inference time. Applied to parameter estimation, we demonstrate that a single flexible model, called Dingo-T1, can (i) analyze 48 gravitational-wave events from the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run under a wide range of analysis configurations, (ii) enable systematic studies of how detector and frequency configurations impact inferred posteriors, and (iii) perform inspiral-merger-ringdown consistency tests probing general relativity. Dingo-T1 also improves median sample efficiency on real events from a baseline of 1.4% to 4.2%. Our approach thus demonstrates flexible and scalable inference with a principled framework for handling missing or incomplete data, key capabilities for current and next-generation observatories.

21.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-24

Efficient Test-time Inference for Generative Planning Models with OCL Search

arXiv:2606.00618v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Generative models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for AI planning, yet their performance remains constrained by the training data distribution. One approach is to improve generated solutions during inference by scaling test-time compute. A more efficient alternative is to optimize the inference process itself. In this paper, we show that a modified version of a classical Open-Closed List (OCL) search provides just such an efficient inference procedure. Our algorithm synergizes two learned components: a generative model that performs fast rollouts from intermediate states and a heuristic model that prioritizes among candidate reasoning paths. Key contributions include novel exploration control mechanisms and integration of learned models within the OCL framework. Across multiple combinatorial planning domains, our approach outperforms both neurosymbolic search baselines and classical solvers in computational efficiency and solution quality.

22.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16

The Reverse Telescoping Coordinate System for Positive Definite Matrices: Geometry, Computation, and Generative Modeling

arXiv:2606.15442v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We design a new unconstrained coordinate system where a $p\times p$ symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrix $\Theta$ is represented by a reverse telescoping map $\Theta(x)=\rm{RT}(x)$, with $x=(v,d,r)\in\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}^{(p-1)}\times\mathbb{R}^{p(p-1)/2}$, representing respectively the log volume or log determinant; and the shape, as encoded by log relative diagonal scales and partial covariances among the nodes. This construction results in important properties not available in other charts, e.g., matrix logarithm, such as Jacobian depending on only the log-determinant. A useful feature of our construction is $x$ contains a lossless symbolic representation of both the matrix and its inverse. Many important computations involving a matrix and its inverse can be performed in $O(p^2)$ in the transformed domain, while it is the rendering of results in matrix forms (on demand) that must incur an $O(p^3)$ cost. Moreover, two unit-determinant matrices in the transformed domain can be joined by a straight line with pathwise unit determinant. For generative modeling, this allows designing a split volume-shape flow model trained by conditional flow matching for transporting the shape over the unit-determinant path, with a separate one-dimensional flow for transporting the volume or the determinant. The forbidding SPD constraint, tamed thus into a powerful guiding force, leads to the surprising insight that it is in some sense easier to design a volume-normalized shape flow for SPD compared to the unconstrained $\mathbb{R}^{p\times p}$, with no intrinsic notion of volume to aid normalization, unlike the determinant of SPD matrices. We apply our construction for up to $p=200$ in generative modeling of SPD matrices on a difficult synthetic bimodal target, and in generating brain connectivity networks by models trained on fMRI data; as well as in intrinsic diffusion on the SPD manifold.

23.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-12

Approximability limits for bounded-degree max-LINSAT and implications for decoded quantum interferometry

arXiv:2606.13570v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: For general max-k-XORSAT with $k \geq 3$, no polynomial-time algorithm can do substantially better than random guessing on worst-case instances unless $\mathsf{P} = \mathsf{NP}$: approximating beyond the random-assignment value of $1/2$ is $\mathsf{NP}$-hard. The picture changes when each variable appears in at most $D$ constraints. In that bounded-degree setting, polynomial-time algorithms can provably beat the random baseline by an additive amount of order $1/\sqrt{D}$. For Boolean instances, this scaling is known to be optimal: the matching hardness result is due to Trevisan, while the corresponding algorithmic guarantee was established by Barak et al. Whether the same holds over general finite fields, and what it implies for quantum algorithms, has not been established. We make this connection explicit and extend the hardness to max-E$k$-LINSAT$(q,r)$ with bounded degree $D$ and over arbitrary finite fields $\mathbb{F}_q$, proving that it is $\mathsf{NP}$-hard to exceed $r/q + \mathcal{O}_{q,r}(1/\sqrt{D})$. These results provide the complexity-theoretic benchmark for the bounded-degree instances targeted by decoded quantum interferometry (DQI), QAOA, and classical heuristics. Any quantum advantage on bounded-degree instances is therefore confined to the constant prefactor. We further show that in the context of DQI and on $(k,D)$-regular instances, this prefactor is sensitive to the nature of the decoder: DQI with classical decoders faces an information-theoretic $1/\sqrt{D \log D}$ barrier that prevents it from matching the hardness scaling, while DQI with quantum decoders is compatible with the $1/\sqrt{D}$ scaling – identifying quantum decoding as the key ingredient for matching the complexity-theoretic scaling with DQI.

24.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-18

Structured Representation Learning with Locally Linear Embeddings and Adaptive Feature Fusion

arXiv:2606.18469v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Neuroscientific research has revealed that the brain encodes complex behaviors by leveraging structured, low-dimensional manifolds and dynamically fusing multiple sources of information through adaptive gating mechanisms. Inspired by these principles, we propose a novel reinforcement learning (RL) framework that encourages the disentanglement of dynamics-specific and reward-specific features, drawing direct parallels to how neural circuits separate and integrate information for efficient decision-making. Our approach leverages locally linear embeddings (LLEs) to capture the intrinsic, locally linear structure inherent in many environments, mirroring the local smoothness observed in neural population activity, while concurrently deriving reward-specific features through the standard RL objective. An attention mechanism, analogous to cortical gating, adaptively fuses these complementary representations on a per-state basis. Experimental results on benchmark tasks demonstrate that our method, grounded in neuroscientific principles, improves learning efficiency and overall performance compared to conventional RL approaches, highlighting the benefits of explicitly modeling local state structures and adaptive feature selection as observed in biological systems.

25.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-11

Lowest order Carleman linearization for low Reynolds long-term behaviour of fluid flow simulations

arXiv:2605.23380v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: It is shown that the lowest (second) order truncation of the Carleman linearization of the fluid equations (C2) recovers the late stage of the evolution, namely the steady-state solution, although to a decreasing degree of accuracy at increasing Reynolds number. This asymptotic property is first proved analytically for the decaying logistic with external forcing and then shown to hold to a significant degree of accuracy also for the more complex case of two-dimensional Kolmogorov-like fluid flow at low Reynolds numbers, below $Re \sim 10$. This time-asymptotic property may open interesting prospects for the quantum simulation of low-Reynolds steady-state fluid flows.