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01.

PLOS Medicine 2026-05-26 DOI: HASH:7f406689d6b83c002181d9d5c56bb6c1

Requiring code sharing to strengthen transparency and trust in research

作者:

Helen Lumbard↗

by Helen Lumbard, Lauren Cadwallader, Devin Soper, on behalf of the PLOS Medicine Staff Editors PLOS Medicine has always championed open science and data transparency. Now, recognizing that code is as essential a research artifact as the data it analyzes, we are strengthening our code sharing policy to further ensure reproducibility and trust in the scientific record. Recognizing that code is as essential a research artifact as the data it analyzes, this Editorial outlines how PLOS Medicine is strengthening its code sharing policy to further ensure reproducibility and trust in the scientific record.

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02.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.14156

Learning High Coverage Discriminative Parsimonious Rulesets

作者:

Mariamma Antony↗Raman Sankaran↗Chiranjib Bhattacharyya↗Uma Satya Ranjan↗

arXiv:2606.14156v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Learning systems based on IF-THEN rule representations readily offer interpretability, making them a crucial focus in contemporary AI research. A key objective for such rule sets is to achieve both high discriminative power and interpretability. While existing state-of-the-art algorithms implicitly prioritize predictive accuracy, they often fall short on one or more quality metrics that ensure interpretability, such as coverage and parsimony of rule sets. Motivated by this, this paper propose the development of CDPR, which aims to create highly accurate and interpretable rule sets for classification problems. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first attempt to establish such an approach. In this study, we introduce two algorithms rooted in submodular maximization, which not only provide provable guarantees on coverage but also yield rule sets that are both discriminative and parsimonious. We empirically demonstrate that rule sets learned through our approaches achieve higher accuracy and interpretability and has more than a 2.5-fold improvement in average coverage rates when compared to the next best algorithm.

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03.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.15767

Visualizing Uncertainty: Spatial Maps of Missing and Conflicting Evidence in Deep Learning

作者:

Dong Hyun Jeong↗Feng Chen↗Jin-Hee Cho↗Lance M. Kaplan↗Audun J{\o}sang↗Soo-Yeon Ji↗

arXiv:2606.15767v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Understanding when and why deep neural networks are uncertain is crucial for deploying reliable machine learning systems in safety-critical domains. While existing uncertainty quantification methods provide scalar measures of model confidence, they offer limited insight into which spatial regions of an input contribute to different types of uncertainty. We propose a novel visualization framework, Uncertainty Activation Map (UAM), that combines Evidential Deep Learning (EDL) with Full-Gradient Class Activation Mapping (FullGrad) to generate interpretable spatial uncertainty activation maps. Our approach distinguishes between two fundamental types of uncertainty: vacuity, representing lack of evidence, and dissonance, capturing conflicting evidence between competing hypotheses. By leveraging the complete gradient decomposition property of FullGrad and the principled uncertainty quantification of Subjective Logic, our method produces theoretically grounded visualizations that highlight specific image regions responsible for model uncertainty. With this framework, vacuity and dissonance activation maps are generated by computing belief-weighted attributions, enabling identification of where models lack knowledge versus where they encounter ambiguous evidence. Extensive evaluations across multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework effectively addresses the critical gap between uncertainty quantification and explainability, providing intuitive visual feedback to assess model reliability in complex visual recognition tasks.

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04.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2507.11178

A Gradient-based Causal Discovery Framework with Applications to Complex Industrial Processes

作者:

Meiliang Liu↗Huiwen Dong↗Xiaoxiao Yang↗Yunfang Xu↗Mingbao Yang↗Zijin Li↗Zhengye Si↗Xinyue Yang↗Zhiwen Zhao↗

arXiv:2507.11178v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: With the advancement of deep learning technologies, various neural network-based Granger causality models have been proposed. Although these models have demonstrated notable improvements, several limitations remain. Most existing approaches adopt the component-wise architecture, necessitating the construction of a separate model for each time series, which results in substantial computational costs. In addition, imposing the sparsity-inducing penalty on the first-layer weights of the neural network to extract causal relationships weakens the model's ability to capture complex interactions. To address these limitations, we propose Gradient Regularization-based Neural Granger Causality (GRNGC), which requires only one time series prediction model and applies $L_{1}$ regularization to the gradient between model's input and output to infer Granger causality. Moreover, GRNGC is not tied to a specific time series forecasting model and can be implemented with diverse architectures such as KAN, MLP, and LSTM, offering enhanced flexibility. Numerical simulations on DREAM, Lorenz-96, fMRI BOLD, and CausalTime show that GRNGC outperforms existing baselines and significantly reduces computational overhead. Meanwhile, experiments on real-world DNA, Yeast, HeLa, and bladder urothelial carcinoma datasets further validate the model's effectiveness in reconstructing gene regulatory networks.

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05.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2606.17350

Do Large Language Models Always Tell The Same Stories?

作者:

Thennal DK↗Hans Ole Hatzel↗

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled the generation of high-quality prose, yet the question of whether these models are capable of generating diverse outputs remains contested. In this work, we investigate the diversity of LLM-generated stories through the framework of narrative similarity. Using a contrastive framework and a dataset of human-written stories and prompts from r/WritingPrompts, we collect narrative similarity judgments across 10 representative LLMs, utilizing both human evaluations and three different automatic annotation methods. Our findings reveal a consistent trend: LLM-generated narratives are consistently more similar to each other than human-written stories are. We demonstrate that frontier models in particular converge on a ``mean'' generic narrative that approximates individual human stories but lacks the collective diversity of human authors. Finally, we show that common mitigation strategies, including negative prompting and temperature scaling, fail to meaningfully address this homogeneity.

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06.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2410.21803

SimSiam Naming Game: A Unified Approach for Emergent Communication and Representation Learning

作者:

Nguyen Le Hoang↗Tadahiro Taniguchi↗Tianwei Fang↗Akira Taniguchi↗Masatoshi Nagano↗

Emergent Communication (EmCom) investigates how agents develop symbolic communication through interaction without predefined language. Recent frameworks, such as the Metropolis–Hastings Naming Game (MHNG), formulate EmCom as the learning of shared external representations negotiated through interaction under joint attention, without explicit success or reward feedback. However, MHNG relies on sampling-based updates that suffer from high rejection rates in high-dimensional perceptual spaces, making the learning process sample-inefficient for complex visual datasets. In this work, we propose the SimSiam Naming Game (SSNG), a feedback-free EmCom framework that replaces sampling-based updates with a symmetric, self-supervised representation alignment objective between autonomous agents. Building on a variational inference–based probabilistic interpretation of self-supervised learning, SSNG formulates symbol emergence as an alignment process between agents' latent representations mediated by message exchange. To enable end-to-end gradient-based optimization, discrete symbolic messages are learned via a Gumbel–Softmax relaxation, preserving the discrete nature of communication while maintaining differentiability. Experiments on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet-100 show that the emergent messages learned by SSNG achieve substantially higher linear-probe classification accuracy than those produced by referential games, reconstruction games, and MHNG. These results indicate that self-supervised representation alignment provides an effective mechanism for feedback-free EmCom in multi-agent systems.

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07.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2605.30880

PatchWorld: Gradient-Free Optimization of Executable World Models

作者:

Jiaxin Bai↗Yue Guo↗Yifei Dong↗Jiaxuan Xiong↗Tianshi Zheng↗Yixia Li↗Tianqing Fang↗Yufei Li↗Yisen Gao↗Haoyu Huang↗Zhongwei Xie↗Hong Ting Tsang↗…

Text-agent environments are typically modeled as partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), assuming that the simulator's latent state and transition dynamics are hidden from the agent. Yet little work has examined whether executable code can be induced to serve as a world model for prediction and planning under partial observability. We introduce PatchWorld, a gradient-free framework that turns offline trajectories into executable Python world models through counterexample-guided code repair. Instead of predicting the next observation with a black-box model, PatchWorld induces symbolic belief-state programs whose action updates can be inspected, replayed, and locally patched. Across seven AgentGym environments, PatchWorld-Simple achieves the highest code-based planning score among evaluated methods, reaching 76.4\% macro success in live one-step lookahead while invoking no LLM calls inside the world-model prediction module itself. We further find that a human-specified residual-memory bias improves surface observation fidelity but weakens decision utility. This exposes a tradeoff in executable world models, since improving observation fidelity can come at the expense of action-discriminative dynamics, and vice versa. Code is available at https://github.com/HKBU-KnowComp/PatchWorld.

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08.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2309.07401

Multi-Grade Deep Learning for Partial Differential Equations with Applications to the Burgers Equation

作者:

Yuesheng Xu↗Taishan Zeng↗

arXiv:2309.07401v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep neural networks (DNNs) show great promise for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), but their deep architectures introduce complex, large-scale, non-convex optimization challenges. Nonlinear PDEs, like the viscous Burgers' equation, compound these difficulties due to steep gradients and shock-like solutions. To address this, we propose a two-stage multi-grade deep learning (TS-MGDL) method. In the first stage, shallow networks are trained progressively grade by grade to fit the target function from low- to high-frequency components; previously learned grades are frozen, and each new residual block is trained solely to minimize the remaining approximation error. The second stage unfreezes and retrains selected layers using the first-stage network as initialization, achieving an interpretable, stable hierarchical refinement while mitigating optimization complexity. Furthermore, we theoretically prove that each grade and stage in TS-MGDL monotonically reduces the loss function under an appropriate optimization strategy. Numerical experiments on 1D, 2D, and 3D viscous Burgers' equations demonstrate that TS-MGDL significantly outperforms single-grade learning (SGL), reducing predictive errors by up to a factor of 60.

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09.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.25254

Dual Agreement Consistency Learning for Semi-Supervised Fetal Ultrasound Segmentation

作者:

Fangyijie Wang↗Gu\'enol\'e Silvestre↗Ziyang Wang↗Kathleen M. Curran↗

Maternal-fetal US is the primary imaging modality for monitoring fetal development, yet accurate automated segmentation remains challenging due to the scarcity of pixel-level annotations. To address this issue, we propose DACL, a semi-supervised framework for robust fetal US image segmentation. DACL jointly trains a deployment-oriented lightweight convolutional network (1.47\thinsp\mathrm{M} parameters) and a Transformer-based network, leveraging labeled data for supervised learning and unlabeled data via CPS. To enhance prediction stability, we introduce a dual-agreement consistency loss that couples pixel-wise probabilistic divergence with entropy-guided confidence alignment. Unlike conventional CPS methods that enforce agreement only at the prediction level, DACL explicitly regularizes both distributional alignment and uncertainty, thereby suppressing unreliable pseudo-labels and enabling stable cross-architecture pseudo-label learning under extreme annotation scarcity. Furthermore, an interpolation-based consistency strategy using mixup is applied to unlabeled samples to enhance robustness. Under 5% labeled data, DACL improves Dice by up to 2.77% and reduces HD95 by up to 14.69 mm compared with the strongest recent semi-supervised methods, demonstrating significant improvements in boundary accuracy on both fetal head and abdomen datasets. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of agreement-based consistency learning for annotation-efficient fetal US segmentation. Our code is on GitHub.

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10.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.25821

SARA: Unlocking Multilingual Knowledge in Mixture-of-Experts via Semantically Anchored Routing Alignment

作者:

Tianyu Dong↗Yangyang Liu↗Jiang Zhou↗Xinwei Wu↗Xiaohu Zhao↗Hao Wang↗Heng Liu↗Linlong Xu↗Longyue Wang↗Weihua Luo↗Shaolin Zhu↗Deyi Xiong↗…

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as an increasingly influential paradigm as they offer a strategic balance between parameter scalability and computational efficiency. However, low-resource languages, which suffer from a scarcity of high-quality training data, often have their tokens routed to different experts than those predominantly activated by high-resource inputs, which limits cross-lingual expert sharing. This cross-lingual routing divergence consequently hinders their efficacy in multilingual contexts. To address this issue, we propose SARA (Semantically Anchored Routing Alignment), a framework designed to transfer specialized capabilities from high-resource languages as anchors to low-resource languages. SARA explicitly aligns the routing distribution of multilingual inputs with high-resource semantic anchors using a symmetric Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergence constraint. Unlike traditional distillation methods that operate on output logits, SARA directly aligns the internal routing distributions of MoE layers, encouraging mechanistic consistency in expert selection across languages. We conduct experiments on 2 LLMs across 5 low-resource languages and 3 benchmarks. Experiment results demonstrate that SARA outperforms standard instruction tuning, e.g., +0.8% on Qwen3-30B-A3B and +1.2% on Phi-3.5-MoE-instruct on Global-MMLU. Further analyses show that SARA effectively addresses performance bottlenecks in low-resource languages, providing a scalable pathway to enhance multilingual capabilities in sparse architectures.

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11.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2511.22411

StyleFusion360: View-Consistent Head Stylization via Adaptive Style Modulation

作者:

Furkan Guzelant↗Arda Goktogan↗Tar{\i}k Kaya↗Aysegul Dundar↗

3D head stylization enables expressive reimagining of human faces for creative visual experiences in digital media. Existing 3D-aware methods often require computationally intensive optimization or per-style fine-tuning, limiting flexibility and user control. To overcome these challenges, we introduce StyleFusion360, a diffusion-based framework for multi-view consistent, identity-preserving 3D head stylization from a single style reference image, without per-style training. Our approach enhances the Style Fusion Attention mechanism with a style-conditioned key modulation mechanism that aligns content and style representations for fine-grained and controllable stylization. We further provide a user-controllable slider for adjusting stylization intensity. In addition, StyleFusion360 supports local multi-edit stylization, enabling targeted edits such as modifying hair or eyes independently. Extensive experiments on FFHQ and RenderMe360 demonstrate that StyleFusion360 produces high-quality, controllable, and visually compelling stylizations, outperforming state-of-the-art GAN- and diffusion-based methods across diverse style domains.

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12.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25 DOI: arXiv:2606.25606

Expresso-AI: Explainable Video-Based Deep Learning Models for Depression Diagnosis

作者:

Felipe Moreno↗Sharifa Alghowinem↗Hae Won Park↗Cynthia Breazeal↗

Given the widespread prevalence of depression and its consequential impact on individuals and society, it is crucial to obtain objective measures for early diagnosis and intervention. As a multidisciplinary topic, these objective measures should be interpretable and accessible to health care professionals, ensuring effective collaboration and treatment planning in the realm of mental health care. Even though current automated depression diagnosis approaches improved over the last decade, a critical gap exists as they often lack affect-specificity and interpretability, limiting their practical application and potential impact on mental health care. In particular, interpretability from temporal activities from videos when deep models are used is not fully explored. In this study, we present a novel framework for analyzing Deep Neural Networks' decisions when trained on facial videos, specifically focusing on automatic depression severity diagnosis. By fine-tuning Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) pre-trained on Action Recognition datasets on depression severity facial videos from AVEC depression dataset, our framework is able to interpret the model's saliency maps by examining face regions and temporal expression semantics. Our approach generates both visual and quantitative explanations for the model's decisions, providing greater insight into its reasoning. In addition to this interpretability, our video-based modeling has improved upon previous single-face benchmarks for visual depression diagnosis, resulting in enhanced predictive performance. Overall, our work demonstrates the successful development of a framework capable of generating hypotheses from a facial model's decisions while simultaneously improving depression's predictive capabilities.

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13.

arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2605.29641

Experimentation for Different Scheduling Policies on Queues: Mixed Differences-in-Q Estimators Based on Little's Law

作者:

Nanshan Jia↗Ramesh Johari↗Nian Si↗Zeyu Zheng↗

arXiv:2605.29641v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In data centers, tasks are dispatched to various servers to evenly distribute the workload. When a data center considers implementing a new scheduling algorithm, it typically conducts an A/B test prior to deployment to assess the real-world impact of this new method. However, a straightforward A/B test might be interfered with so-called ``Markovian'' interference. We utilized the Differences-in-Q estimator, as developed by Farias et al. (2022), and introduced mixed Differences-in-Q estimators grounded in Little's Law. We show that our A/B testing methods significantly reduce bias and variance when testing various scheduling policies. Extensive simulations were conducted under scenarios like non-stationary arrival rates, heterogeneous service rates, and communication delays. These simulations highlight the robustness and efficacy of our A/B testing approach.

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14.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-19 DOI: arXiv:2606.19867

PSCT-Net: Geometry-Aware Pediatric Skull CT Reconstruction via Differentiable Back-Projection and Attention-Guided Refinement

作者:

Dong Yeong Kim↗Jaewon Choi↗Youmin Shin↗Jungyu Lee↗Myeongseop Kim↗Jinwook Choi↗Joo Whan Kim↗Young-Gon Kim↗

arXiv:2606.19867v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Computed Tomography (CT) is essential for diagnosing pediatric craniofacial abnormalities, yet poses radiation risks to developing anatomies. Reconstructing 3D CT from sparse bi-planar X-rays offers a low-dose alternative but is severely ill-posed. Existing methods employ geometry-agnostic feature lifting, naively projecting 2D features into 3D without explicit spatial modeling, causing depth ambiguity and degraded osseous boundaries. We present PSCT-Net, a geometry-aware framework with differentiable back-projection. Differentiable back-projection establishes a spatially faithful volumetric prior, alleviating depth ambiguity. An Attention-Guided Projection (AGP-3D) module then learns non-linear voxel-wise correspondences between 2D regions and 3D locations. A Bidirectional Mamba (BiM-3D) module captures long-range volumetric dependencies with linear complexity. We further curate a private institutional pediatric skull CT cohort, PedSkull-CT, comprising normal and pathological cases for internal evaluation, addressing the gap in adult-centric, trunk-focused datasets.

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15.

arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2606.24290

Optimal Couplings of Levy Processes in the Class of Immersion Couplings

作者:

Tau Shean Lim↗Ray Shua Ooi↗

arXiv:2606.24290v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study the optimal coupling problem for Levy processes on R^d with respect to the quadratic cost. For any two such processes with finite second moments, we prove that the optimal Levy coupling constructed in Kang and Lim (2025), which was previously shown to be optimal among Feller couplings, is in fact optimal among the larger class of immersion couplings. The proof makes use of a characterization of immersion couplings, which is equivalent to the classical martingale preservation definition but more convenient for our purposes. The construction is based on two fundamental ingredients: the existence of an optimal coupling within the class of Levy couplings, and a dual formulation of the associated optimization problem. While both results were previously established in Kang and Lim (2025), we provide here simpler and more transparent proofs relying only on optimal transport between infinitely divisible measures and a generalized minimax principle. These arguments are self-contained and may be of independent interest.

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16.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2603.24080

LLMpedia: A Transparent Framework to Materialize an LLM's Encyclopedic Knowledge at Scale

作者:

Muhammed Saeed↗Simon Razniewski↗

Benchmarks like MMLU suggest flagship language models approach factuality saturation above 90\%. LLMpedia shows this picture is incomplete. We materialize ${\sim}$1.3M encyclopedia articles entirely from parametric memory across three model families, then audit every claim against Wikipedia and curated web evidence. For \texttt{gpt-5-mini}, the verifiable true rate is 68.4\% on Wikipedia-covered subjects - more than 21\,pp below MMLU - and the gap is driven by unverifiability (30.5\%), not refutation (1.2\%). Beyond Wikipedia, frontier articles audited against curated web evidence reach 57.6\%; Wikipedia covers only 56.7\% of model-surfaced subjects, and three model families overlap in just 7.3\% of subject choices. In a retrieval-trap benchmark inspired by prior analysis of Grokipedia, LLMpedia is more factual at roughly half the textual similarity to Wikipedia. Every prompt, article, and verdict is released. Data, code, interface: https://llmpedia.net.

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17.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.11688

Goal-Autopilot: A Verifiable Anti-Fabrication Firewall for Unattended Long-Horizon Agents

作者:

Youwang Deng↗

Long-horizon LLM agents are not trusted to run unattended: with no human watching, they confidently report success they never verified. We treat honesty – bounding what an agent may claim at termination – as a first-class metric for unattended autonomy, distinct from capability. We present Autopilot, an execution model that makes silent fabricated success structurally impossible rather than merely rarer. Autopilot externalizes all working state into a durable, gated finite-state machine that a scheduler advances one stateless tick at a time; a hard floor forbids any terminal "done" claim whose falsifiable gate did not actually execute and pass. We prove a No-False-Success theorem – under gate soundness, floor enforcement, and plan coverage, termination implies the goal holds – whose only trust points are empirically measurable, and show the worst case degrades to an honest stall, never a fabricated success. Because each tick rehydrates only the state machine, per-step context cost is constant in the horizon. Across a 3,150-cell paired corpus (70 tasks $\times$ 3 systems $\times$ 3 models $\times$ 5 seeds, including 50 SWE-bench Lite tasks across 11 OSS repos), Autopilot fabricates on 0.95% of cells [95% CI 0.38–1.62] while Reflexion and StateFlow baselines fabricate on 8.10% [6.48–9.81] and 25.05% [22.48–27.62] respectively. The headline contrast lives in the hard regime: on SWE-bench Lite, the firewall reduces fabrication from 33.7% (StateFlow) to 0.67%, a paired difference of $-33.07$ pp [95% CI $-36.53, -29.73$]. The mechanism is the gate, not the model: all ten Autopilot fabrications come from the strongest model, while two weaker mid-tier models never fabricate across 700 paired cells. The firewall trades coverage for honesty by design – an honest stall is recoverable; a confident wrong output shipped downstream is not.

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18.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-15 DOI: arXiv:2606.14582

A Temporal Planning Framework for Disruption Aware Dynamic Route Optimization in Heterogeneous Railway Systems

作者:

Pollob Chandra Ray↗Sabah Binte Noor↗Fazlul Hasan Siddiqui↗

arXiv:2606.14582v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Efficient route optimization play a vital role in ensuring both safety and punctuality in railway operations. It is very crucial particularly in heterogeneous multi-gauge railway networks with varying train speed, stopping pattern, infrastructure compatibility constraints increase coordination complexity. In single-track systems these challenges are further intensify due to all trains to share the same track and requires frequent track switching.Stochastic disruptions events including blocked tracks, blocked trains, engine failure and speed slowdowns introduces additional unpredictability in operations and deviate the timetable. However, existing studies predominantly focuses on high-level timetabling, omitting operational details such as track switching coordination. As a result leaving decision to human operators, increasing safety risks into railway operations. This study proposes a framework based on temporal planning for dynamic route optimization and disruption management in heterogeneous railway systems. The framework formulates railway operations as a temporal planning problem using PDDL 2.1 with explicitly modeling gauge compatibility constraints and diverse disruption scenarios. It generates conflict-free timestamped operational plans specifying both optimized schedules and executable action sequences. To evaluate the proposed framework, we developed a benchmark problem set with 200 instances using up to 1,000 track points and 120 trains. Two state-of-the-art temporal planners and a plan validator were employed to assessed the framework. The experimental results demonstrate that the framework effectively generates temporal operational plans for heterogeneous railway systems and handles multi-gauge constraints, disruptions, and reduces dependence on manual decision making.

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19.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-24 DOI: arXiv:2606.23796

A no-go theorem for privacy in distributed sensing using Gaussian states

作者:

Jason L. Pereira↗Damian Markham↗

arXiv:2606.23796v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In the discrete variable setting, entangled resource states allow a set of parties to learn a global function of a set of spatially separated systems, whilst keeping the local parameters of those systems completely private. In the continuous variable setting, distributed sensing has been carried out using Gaussian resource states, but without the same guarantees about privacy. Here, we show that perfect privacy is impossible to achieve for any distributed sensing protocol that uses Gaussian states as a resource. We also introduce a measure of relative privacy, bounding the degree to which any Gaussian distributed sensing protocol can keep local parameters hidden.

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20.

arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.18786

R2D-RL: A RoboCup 2D Soccer Environment for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

作者:

Haobin Qin↗Baofeng Zhang↗Hidehisa Akiyama↗Keisuke Fujii↗

arXiv:2606.18786v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robot soccer is a challenging testbed for multi-agent reinforcement learning because it combines partial observability, cooperative and adversarial interaction, sparse rewards, and long-horizon tactical behavior. RoboCup 2D Soccer Simulation (RCSS2D) provides a mature robot-soccer platform, but its competition-oriented server-client architecture is difficult to use directly with modern Python-based MARL workflows. We introduce R2D-RL, a reinforcement learning environment that connects RCSS2D and HELIOS-based player clients to a Python MARL interface through shared-memory communication and cycle-level synchronization. R2D-RL supports full-field and scenario-based training with configurable opponents, Base discrete and Hybrid parameterized action spaces, action masks, expected possession value (EPV)-based reward shaping, and parallel execution. We provide front-goal scenarios and an 11-vs-11 full-field benchmark, together with baseline results.

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21.

arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16 DOI: arXiv:2606.16009

Bridging the Usability Gap: Lessons from Interpreting Studies for Machine Interpreting Design

作者:

Claudio Fantinuoli↗

Machine interpreting (MI), the live, real-time branch of speech translation, has achieved remarkable progress on standard benchmarks, with some systems approaching human parity on textual fidelity. Yet the user experience remains far inferior to interpreter-mediated communication, revealing what we term the accuracy illusion: systems that appear accurate on paper but fail in practice to support smooth, goal-oriented interaction. This paper defines MI as a distinct subfield of speech translation, with its own characteristics and the need for evaluation methods grounded in communicative effectiveness rather than isolated fidelity metrics. Drawing on insights from interpreting studies, we identify critical dimensions of professional interpreting practice that are overlooked by current systems, and consolidate them into three interdependent design priorities for future MI: agency (context-sensitive initiative and repair), grounding (multimodal and discourse-level situational awareness), and experience (adaptive improvement through real interaction). Together, these priorities chart a path toward closing the usability gap and enabling systems that can sustain authentic multilingual communication in real time.

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22.

arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-11 DOI: arXiv:2606.11620

Family-Aware Residual Architecture for Predicting Quantum Circuit Simulation Performance

作者:

Honjar Xing↗Yehong Jiang↗Xianbang Wang↗Zehua Wang↗Zhicheng Jiang↗

arXiv:2606.11620v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Approximate tensor-network simulators enable classical simulation of quantum circuits beyond the reach of exact methods, but selecting optimal approximation parameters – such as bond dimension thresholds – remains a costly trial-and-error process. We present a family-aware neural architecture that predicts both the minimum approximation threshold required to achieve target fidelity and the expected wall-clock runtime for quantum circuit simulation, given only the circuit's OpenQASM description and execution context. Our key insight is that quantum circuits from different algorithmic families (e.g., QFT, Grover, VQE) exhibit fundamentally distinct simulation cost profiles due to their differing entanglement structures. We employ family-conditioned residual corrections – additive, family-specific adjustments atop a shared backbone, drawing on established conditional computation techniques – enabling the model to capture both universal circuit properties and algorithmic nuances. The architecture incorporates a pretrained family classifier (97.5% accuracy) and domain-informed algorithm fingerprint features derived from gate-composition heuristics. Evaluated on circuits spanning 7–130 qubits across 10 algorithm families, our system achieves 79.5% exact threshold accuracy (91.2% within one rung) and $R^2 = 0.82$ runtime correlation, with inference completing in approximately 50 ms – replacing trial-and-error simulation runs that may take minutes to hours. Ablation studies confirm that family-aware modeling provides the single largest performance improvement (+3.2 percentage points), validating the hypothesis that algorithm family is a first-class feature for simulation cost prediction.

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23.

arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-17 DOI: arXiv:2512.13835

Microwave-free vector magnetometry and crystal orientation determination with Nitrogen-Vacancy centers using Bayesian inference

作者:

Hilario Espin\'os↗Omkar Dhungel↗Arne Wickenbrock↗Dmitry Budker↗Ricardo Puebla↗Erik Torrontegui↗

arXiv:2512.13835v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond provide a solid-state platform for quantum sensing. While optically detected magnetic resonance techniques offer high sensitivity, their reliance on microwaves introduces heating and stray electromagnetic fields that can perturb nearby samples. Optical approaches based on cross-relaxation between differently oriented NV centers remove this constraint but have so far required stringent alignment of the external field with crystallographic axes, restricting their practicality. Here we introduce a general framework for microwave-free vector magnetometry at near-zero field that leverages Bayesian inference to extract both the magnetic field vector and the NV orientation directly from photoluminescence maps. An analytical model of cross-relaxation resonances enables efficient inference under arbitrary field and orientation configurations, while naturally incorporating the discrete degeneracies of the NV symmetry. We experimentally demonstrate robust orientation determination and vector-field reconstruction, establishing a general route toward compact and alignment-free NV magnetometers for practical sensing applications.

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24.

Nature (Science) 2026-06-24 DOI: HASH:c201aa764a89434619014e9edc4ad628

An ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death discovered with deep learning

作者:

Ziad Obermeyer↗

Sudden cardiac death is, in theory, preventable with defibrillators. But every year, many patients die without defibrillators because doctors fail to predict their risk1. The only predictive biomarker in wide use, cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), misses most sudden cardiac deaths2, and flags many low-risk patients for futile defibrillators that never fire3,4. Here we apply deep learning to a dataset linking all electrocardiograms (ECGs) in a Swedish region to death certificates. The resulting model isolates a high-risk group (2.2% of the sample) with a 7.0% annual rate of sudden cardiac death, higher than those with reduced LVEF (1.9% of the sample; 4.6% annual rate). Notably, 86.1% of the model’s high-risk patients were not flagged by LVEF. High-risk ECG patients with defibrillators implanted were 54.4% less likely to die than expected, suggesting a mortality benefit. We externally validate the model in a US health system, in which it predicts ventricular arrhythmias that cause sudden death; and a Taiwanese hospital registry, in which it specifically predicts future arrhythmic cardiac arrests. To visualize the waveform morphology ‘discovered’ by the predictive model, we pair it with a generative model of the ECG waveform. Together, they reveal a biomarker that is easily visible and robustly predicts sudden cardiac death, but has not to our knowledge been previously described. Tying the biomarker’s shape to electrophysiological first principles, we form and preliminarily test a new hypothesis on the mechanism of sudden cardiac death. A deep-learning model trained on electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms identifies an easily visible biomarker that predicts sudden cardiac death more accurately than the current clinical state of the art.

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25.

arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-18 DOI: arXiv:2606.18841

Rethinking Air-Ground Collaboration: A Progressive Cross-Task Benchmark and Socialized Learning Framework

作者:

Zhoupeng Guo↗Yunqi Zhu↗Zhihe Fan↗Xinjie Yao↗Ruipu Zhao↗Boan Tao↗Yiming Sun↗Zhen Wang↗Pengfei Zhu↗

Air-ground collaborative perception is crucial for robust visual understanding in real-world dynamic environments. However, existing studies typically formulate collaboration as single-task cross-view fusion, overlooking the functional dependencies among localization, target association, and fine-grained parsing. In addition, the heterogeneous nature of aerial and ground views introduces substantial geometric, scale, and occlusion discrepancies, making uniform feature sharing vulnerable to negative transfer. To tackle these issues, we model air-ground perception as a progressive cross-task collaboration task and construct the Air-Ground Progressive Collaboration (AGPC) benchmark, a spatio-temporally aligned benchmark comprising more than 745K raw video frames. Built upon this benchmark, we propose Socialized Co-Perception (SCP), a coarse-to-fine framework that organizes collaboration progressively from aerial global localization to ground target association and identity-aware parsing. Its core module, the Dual-Layer Router (DLR), decouples input-side multi-scale expert selection from output-side task-conditioned modulation, enabling selective cross-view and cross-task interaction while suppressing harmful interference. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of SCP. It achieves a 3.73\% coevolutionary gain and a 7.86\% improvement in average downstream performance. These results show that task-conditioned collaboration is more effective than uniform fusion for heterogeneous air-ground perception. The code is available at https://github.com/g1136639260-spec/AGSCP.

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