Academic Intelligence · Curated Daily

探索全球前沿学术脉络

AcademicHub 汇聚顶级期刊与预印本平台的实时文献。定制您的专属科研雷达,利用大语言模型自动生成交叉领域文献分析简报。

01.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11

FOCUS: DLLMs Know How to Tame Their Compute Bound

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) offer a compelling alternative to Auto-Regressive models, but their deployment is constrained by high decoding cost. In this work, we identify a key inefficiency in DLLM decoding: while computation is parallelized over token blocks, only a small subset of tokens is decodable at each diffusion step, causing most compute to be wasted on non-decodable tokens. We further observe a strong correlation between attention-derived token importance and token-wise decoding probability. Based on this insight, we propose FOCUS, an inference system designed for DLLMs. By dynamically focusing computation on decodable tokens and evicting non-decodable ones on-the-fly, FOCUS increases the effective batch size, alleviating compute limitations and enabling scalable throughput. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that FOCUS achieves up to 3.52$\times$ throughput improvement over the production-grade engine LMDeploy in large-batch settings, while preserving or improving generation quality across multiple benchmarks.

02.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-25

KIGNet: Physics-Motivated Multi-Graph Representation Learning for Explainable Jet Tagging

arXiv:2512.07420v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Jet identification plays a central role in analyzing data from high-energy collider experiments. While deep learning has improved jet classification, it often lacks interpretability. We introduce the Kinematic Interaction Graph Network (KIGNet), a graph neural network that integrates kinematic variables into jet classification by constructing four graph representations per jet, each weighted by a distinct variable: angular separation ($\Delta$), relative transverse momentum ($k_T$), momentum fraction ($z$), and invariant mass squared ($m^2$). Three of these ($\Delta$, $k_T$, $z$) are motivated by the Lund jet plane, grounded in perturbative QCD factorization; the fourth ($m^2$) adds complementary mass-scale sensitivity for heavy-flavor identification. Using Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM), we determine which variables dominate classification. Angular separation and relative transverse momentum account for about 76% of the total Grad-CAM attribution (40.72% and 35.67%), with momentum fraction and invariant mass contributing the remaining 24%. This hierarchy is consistent with the soft-collinear structure of QCD radiation in the training data, showing that the network learns physically interpretable representations rather than spurious correlations. On the JetClass dataset, KIGNet achieves a macro-accuracy of 95.07%, macro-AUC of 96.61%, and macro-AUPR of 81.52%, relative improvements of 2.45%, 3.40%, and 19.11% over the state-of-the-art baseline. On the Aspen Open Jets dataset of real CMS collision data, KIGNet produces substantially more structured latent representations than the baseline, reducing the Davies-Bouldin Index by 52.15% ($0.8395 \rightarrow 0.4017$) and increasing the Dunn Index by 42.33% ($0.0189 \rightarrow 0.0269$), confirming that physics-informed kinematic encoding generalizes beyond idealized simulation to experimental detector conditions.

03.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-25

TL++: Accuracy and Privacy Preserving Traversal Learning for Distributed Intelligent Systems

arXiv:2606.25627v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Distributed intelligent systems increasingly need to train across data silos without centralizing raw data. Federated learning keeps data local but can suffer under heterogeneous partitions and requires repeated full-model exchange. Split learning reduces communication through cut-layer activations, but standard protocols generally do not recover centralized mini-batch gradient behavior and may expose activations and gradients in plaintext. We present TL++, a two-mode traversal-learning framework that constructs virtual batches across nodes to recover centralized mini-batch gradient behavior under explicit synchronization assumptions. Base mode exchanges cut-layer activations and gradients rather than full models. Secure mode secret-shares each cut-layer activation and gradient between an orchestrator and a non-colluding helper, preventing either server from observing plaintext cut-layer tensors. This protection is limited to a semi-honest two-server setting; labels and loss-related outputs remain visible to the orchestrator. In the lightweight secure path evaluated here, exactness requires a linear or affine server path, while nonlinear operations require nonlinear MPC or approximation. We formalize TL++, analyze communication and computation costs, and evaluate it against federated and split-learning baselines on CIFAR-10 and BioGPT/PubMedQA using full fine-tuning and LoRA. On CIFAR-10, TL++ base cut 1 and exact secure cut 3 achieve accuracies of 91.41% (SD 0.19) and 90.93% (SD 0.17), respectively, exceeding the strongest measured non-TL++ baseline by more than 12 percentage points. TL++ base cut 1 also reduces per-step communication by 13.1-fold relative to full-model synchronization. PubMedQA results similarly favor TL++. Overall, TL++ approaches centralized-training performance while reducing communication and providing activation-level secret sharing.

04.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-18

BLADE: Scalable Bi-level Adaptive Data Selection for LLM Training

arXiv:2606.18650v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As Large Language Model (LLM) datasets scale to trillions of tokens, data selection has emerged as a critical frontier to filter out uninformative noise and construct adaptive learning trajectories. Beyond static heuristic filtering, advanced data selection methods for LLM training largely follow two paradigms, each with fundamental limitations. Influence-based methods provide principled bi-level objectives but require intractable inverse-Hessian computations, while excess-loss methods are computationally efficient but rely on a static reference model that becomes misaligned with the evolving proxy model during training. We propose BLADE (Bi-Level Adaptive Data sElection), a Hessian-free framework for data selection. BLADE reformulates the bi-level optimization problem underlying influence-based methods as a penalized single-level objective via Lagrange multipliers, avoiding inverse-Hessian computation while revealing a principled connection to excess-loss based data selection. The resulting objective recovers an excess-loss form but replaces the static reference model with a dynamic one that stays synchronized with training. Theoretically, we prove that this penalized formulation guarantees first-order convergence. For efficient online batch selection, we instantiate BLADE as a memoryless randomized block-coordinate Frank-Wolfe algorithm. Extensive experiments show that BLADE consistently outperforms state-of-the-art data selection baselines, providing a practical recipe for LLM training.

05.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-17

Visual Verification Enables Inference-time Steering and Autonomous Policy Improvement

arXiv:2606.18247v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Robots deployed in the real world should learn from their experience and improve over time. This requires a mechanism of practicing and learning from feedback. In this paper, we propose VERITAS, a generator-verifier framework for generalist robot policies for inference-time policy steering and self-improvement. We use a pre-trained generalist robot policy as a ``generator'' and pair it with a gradient-free ``visual verifier'' that evaluates actions at inference time. This framework enables inference-time steering that improves policy performance without additional training. We demonstrate that inference-time verification consistently outperforms vanilla generalists without training on additional demonstration data. Additionally, we demonstrate that the verified rollouts provide effective supervision for offline policy improvement: policies fine-tuned on verified self-generated trajectories achieve consistent performance gains. Notably, we find that post-training with verified rollouts achieves comparable efficiency to expert demonstrations, while requiring no human interventions. Our results highlight inference-time verification as a practical and scalable mechanism for improving robotic policies during deployment.

06.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-11

Can Open-Source LLM Agents Replace Static Application Security Testing Tools? An Empirical Assessment

arXiv:2606.11672v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper explores the value of agentic AI tools for cybersecurity purposes. We evaluate the efficacy of a general-purpose GenAI Large Language Model- (GenAI-) based agent when powered by three different Ollama-hosted general-purpose open source models. We assess each agent's performance using precision, recall, false positive count, and a calculated composite score based upon the interplay of the captured metrics, against the baseline performance of an existing, vetted Static Application Security Testing (SAST) tool, Bandit. Our findings refute the notion that a modern open-source GenAI LLM-based agent is currently suitable for the specialized task of SAST scanning under realistic conditions.

07.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-24

Structural Kolmogorov-Arnold Convolutions: Learnable Function on the Values or the Filter Shape as Parameter-Efficient Alternative to Per-Edge Convolutional KANs

arXiv:2606.24371v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Convolutional Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks (KANs) replace the fixed weights of a convolutional kernel with learnable univariate functions. The dominant formulation attaches one such function to every kernel entry and lets it act on pixel values, expressive but parameter-heavy and prone to overfitting. We argue that the learnable functions are better placed in the structure of the convolution than on each edge, and we organise the design space along a single axis: whether the function acts on the pixel values or on the filter shape. We study three realisations. SV-KAN applies one shared univariate function to the values and leaves the spatial filter free and static, aa classical convolution with a single learnable shared activation. AG-KAN keeps the shared value function but supplies the spatial structure through a content-adaptive Gaussian gate. RF-KAN instead moves the learnable functions onto the filter shape, building each filter from oriented ridge profiles expanded in a localised oscillatory (Morlet) wavelet basis with content-adaptive amplitudes. Under a matched four-layer protocol with in-run references and three seeds, RF-KAN and SV-KAN reach $88.47\pm0.10\%$ and $88.20\pm0.31\%$ on CIFAR-10 and $64.40\pm0.19\%$ and $64.57\pm0.30\%$ on CIFAR-100, at about $0.4$M parameters. At this matched scale the shape model and the simplest value model meet at the top, both above a plain convolution and every per-edge KAN we tested, including the official Gram variant, at roughly a fifth of the parameters. A controlled study attributes the RF-KAN gain to an intrinsically localised oscillatory basis and to content adaptivity, and an ablation that removes the learned shape entirely, leaving only the shared value function, collapses accuracy by over forty points, identifying the learned shape as the load-bearing ingredient at this scale.

08.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-18

TW-LegalBench: Measuring Taiwanese Legal Understanding

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, yet their performance on jurisdiction-specific legal reasoning remains underexplored. We present TW-LegalBench that utilizes Taiwanese legal system's rich official corpus open to the public to fill the gap in evaluating LLMs on Taiwanese law, among common-law benchmarks that focus on English sources and civil-law benchmarks focusing on sources of Simplified Chinese. TW-LegalBench comprises three task types: (1) over 16,000 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) across five years of official examinations in 18 professional domains; (2) 117 open-ended essay questions (OEQs) from examinations for legal professionals with official scoring rubrics; and (3) more than 14,000 legal judgment prediction (LJP) instances covering hundreds of crime categories. We evaluate 13 LLMs using accuracy for MCQs, a decomposed LLM-as-Judge framework based on the scoring rubric points for OEQs, and metrics for sentencing accuracy and statute citation for LJP. Our results reveal that top-performing models exceed the passing threshold for qualified lawyers (passing rate: 11%) but fall short of that for judges and prosecutors (passing rate: 1~2%). For LJP, while models demonstrate reasonable verdict type accuracy and sentence prediction capability, they struggle to cite exact legal articles. These findings highlight that reliable legal text generation remains challenging for LLMs, even though their performance on qualification examinations approaches human level.

09.
bioRxiv (Bioinfo) 2026-06-11

DLDN-Bench: A Benchmark Framework for Deep Learning de Novo Peptide Sequencing in Proteomics

De novo peptide sequencing is an essential approach for analyzing mass spectrometry data because it enables the identification of novel peptides without relying on protein sequence databases. Recent advances in deep learning have substantially improved the performance of de novo sequencing methods, but the rapid emergence of new models has led to heterogeneous evaluation practices and limited comparability. To address this, we introduce DLDN-Bench, a benchmark framework including a set of benchmark datasets derived from human muscle biopsy mass spectrometry data retrieved from PRIDE and annotated through consensus across multiple widely used database search engines. Using these datasets, we systematically benchmark recent deep learning-based de novo sequencing tools alongside traditional approaches. Performance is assessed using established metrics, including precision and coverage relative to a pseudo-ground truth defined by cross-engine agreement. To demonstrate the utility of DLDN-Bench, we benchmark four recent deep learning models and make all results publicly available. This benchmark framework provides a standardized basis for comparing state-of-the-art methods and offers an extensible resource for evaluating future tools in de novo peptide sequencing.

10.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-25

TIDAL: Temporally Interleaved Diffusion and Action Loop for High-Frequency VLA Control

arXiv:2601.14945v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large-scale Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer semantic generalization but suffer from high inference latency, limiting them to low-frequency batch-and-execute paradigm. This frequency mismatch creates an execution blind spot, causing failures in dynamic environments where targets move during the open-loop execution window. We propose TIDAL (Temporally Interleaved Diffusion and Action Loop), a hierarchical framework that decouples semantic reasoning from high-frequency actuation. TIDAL operates as a backbone-agnostic module for diffusion-based VLAs, using a dual-frequency architecture to redistribute the computational budget. Specifically, a low-frequency macro-intent loop caches semantic embeddings, while a high-frequency micro-control loop interleaves single-step flow integration with execution. This design enables approximately 9 Hz control updates on edge hardware (vs. approximately 2.4 Hz baselines) without increasing marginal overhead. To handle the resulting latency shift, we introduce a temporally misaligned training strategy where the policy learns predictive compensation using stale semantic intent alongside real-time proprioception. Additionally, we address the insensitivity of static vision encoders to velocity by incorporating a differential motion predictor. TIDAL is architectural, making it orthogonal to system-level optimizations. Experiments show a 2x performance gain over open-loop baselines in dynamic interception tasks. Despite a marginal regression in static success rates, our approach yields a 4x increase in feedback frequency and extends the effective horizon of semantic embeddings beyond the native action chunk size. Under non-paused inference protocols, TIDAL remains robust where standard baselines fail due to latency.

12.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-17

m2sv: A Scalable Benchmark for Map-to-Street-View Spatial Reasoning

Vision–language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on many multimodal benchmarks but remain brittle on spatial reasoning tasks that require aligning abstract overhead representations with egocentric views. We introduce m2sv, a scalable benchmark for map-to-street-view spatial reasoning that asks models to infer camera viewing direction by aligning a north-up overhead map with a Street View image captured at the same real-world intersection. We release m2sv-20k, a geographically diverse benchmark with controlled ambiguity, along with m2sv-sft-11k, a curated set of structured reasoning traces for supervised fine-tuning. Despite strong performance on existing multimodal benchmarks, the best evaluated VLM achieves only 65.2% accuracy on m2sv, below human annotators who reach 72.0% on average (and 95% for an expert) with strong inter-annotator agreement ($\kappa$ up to 0.76). While supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning yield consistent gains, cross-benchmark evaluations reveal limited transfer. Beyond aggregate accuracy, we systematically analyze difficulty in map-to-street-view reasoning using both structural signals and human effort, and conduct an extensive failure analysis of adapted open models. Our findings highlight persistent gaps in geometric alignment, evidence aggregation, and reasoning consistency, motivating future work on grounded spatial reasoning across viewpoints.

13.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-24

M{\o}lmer-S{\o}rensen gates in trapped-ions chains in the presence of correlated noise

arXiv:2606.23951v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We analyze the impact of correlated laser frequency noise on M{\o}lmer-S{\o}rensen gates in qubit registers based on trapped-ion chains. Using perturbation theory, we calculate gate fidelities in the presence of noise with arbitrary power spectral density for different chain lengths and ion positions in the chain. With our approach, we account for simultaneous excitation of multiple phonon modes during gate operation. We find out that the impact of medium-frequency laser noise depends considerably on the positions of the ions in the chain. In contrast, low-frequency noise has similar effect for different chain lengths and ion positions.

14.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16

Superresolution technique beyond the diffraction limit under a structured beam via different optical nanostructures

arXiv:2602.19417v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: To overcome the limit of diffraction while achieving the superresolution technique, solid immersion lenses are the key optical elements for data storage and nanophotonics applications. Recent demonstrations have shown how different nanostructures (such as elliptical solid immersion lenses) are used in diverse fields of increasing resolution in the presence of a structured Gaussian beam. By applying twisted beams such as angular momentum beams (Laguerre- Gaussian) and spatial higher-order Gaussian beams (Hermite- Gauss), we can attain a sharp near-field focal spot pattern, which is considerably better than the conventional solid immersion lens structure in ~mm scale specifically for imaging beyond diffraction limit. Our computation results present a resolution of ~27 nm under a specific Hermite -Gauss mode illumination on a pyramidal shape nanolens structure. By numerical simulations, tolerance has been confirmed with a slight variation in beam size and geometrical modification to make the model compatible with fabrication errors. This narrow bandwidth intensity distribution can be utilized for scanning the sample with higher resolution, especially in the field of quantum technology.

15.
arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-18

Probabilistic representation and classical solutions of wave equations with complex polynomial nonlinearities

arXiv:2606.18919v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We review the probabilistic representation of solutions of wave equations with polynomial nonlinearities in spatial dimensions d=1,2,3 using stochastic branching processes. Under regularity assumptions on the initial data, we derive conditions ensuring the integrability of the corresponding Monte Carlo estimator, and the existence and smoothness of mild and classical solutions. We also present numerical results and comparisons with grid-based algorithms for the solution of nonlinear wave equations.

16.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-11

Wigner Cat Phases: A finely tunable system for exploring the transition to quantum chaos

作者:

arXiv:2512.22169v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A quantum mechanical setting consisting of a frozen qubit composed with a fully thermalized chaotic system of N states is proposed, with potential relevance to quantum control. Observing the states of the composed system selectively retaining the states leads to the observation of novel localization in the subsystem. At a tuning parameter of 1.0, implying no selection, the system exhibits Wigner-Dyson level spacing statistics, indicative of quantum chaos. As the tuning parameter is reduced and selection occurs at a cutoff, the nearest-neighbor level spacing distribution develops heavier tails, a signature of suppressed spectral mixing and the emergence of non-thermal dynamics. In these regimes, the eigendensity develops a pronounced "cat-ears" structure, reflecting the formation of spatially localized bimodal eigenstates. These topological features persist without transitioning to Poisson statistics, indicating a transition from quantum chaos to a non-thermal, novel many-body localized (MBL) regime-referred to as Wigner Cat Phases. The proposed mixed random matrix ensemble offers a practical probe for sustaining this novel quantum localization setting. Results from our rigorous spectral statistics analysis show how "cat-ears" form in spectral densities based on the degree of selection or disorder and indicate that gap ratio statistics must be used with caution in detecting the full integrable limit due to the possibility of heavy-tailed Wigner-Dyson distributions.

17.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16

Light-induced nonadiabatic dissipative quantum dynamics of the Na2 molecule

arXiv:2606.15292v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Strong light-matter coupling between molecules and optical or plasmonic cavity modes has emerged as a promising platform for advancing photonics, materials science, and chemistry. However, optical cavities and plasmonic resonators in particular are inherently lossy systems characterized by finite photon lifetimes. Accurate theoretical descriptions of molecular dynamics under strong coupling therefore require a proper treatment of cavity losses. In this work, we compare three theoretical approaches for modeling dissipative molecule-cavity dynamics within a realistic parameter regime: the Lindblad master equation, the stochastic Schrödinger equation, and the non-Hermitian Schrödinger equation. As an example, we consider the two lowest energy state of Na2 molecule coupled to a cavity mode and analyze the time evolution of the excited-state population and the mean photon number. Our results demonstrate that the stochastic Schrödinger equation provides an accurate and computationally efficient alternative to the Lindblad master equation, while the non-Hermitian Schrödinger approach is found to be applicable only within a limited range of conditions. Furthermore, we show that inclusion of molecular rotation leads to rotational-vibrational-photonic coupling and gives rise to pronounced nonadiabatic dynamics through light-induced conical intersections. These findings highlight the importance of both dissipation and rotational degrees of freedom for a realistic description of molecular dynamics in strongly coupled molecule-cavity systems.

18.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-15

Temporal Backtracking Search for Test-time Generative Video Reasoning

While test-time scaling has revolutionized reasoning in large language models, generative video reasoning remains bottlenecked by a single-shot paradigm. We demonstrate that searching over denoising steps cannot rescue logically flawed rollouts because spatial trajectories commit early in the diffusion process. Root-level Best-of-N (BoN) sampling is similarly inefficient: reasoning errors cluster early in the temporal axis, and resampling blindly discards verified upstream progress. To unlock effective test-time scaling for video models, we introduce Temporal Backtracking Search (TBS), which shifts the search space to the temporal axis. TBS transforms video generation into an iterative generate-verify-restart loop via three core mechanisms: (1) variable-K conditioning to resume generation from arbitrary clean prefixes; (2) temporal process verification to localize failures and extract valid restart anchors; and (3) prefix-based search to reallocate compute toward extending correct trajectories rather than root resampling. Across algorithmic, navigation, and robotics domains, TBS Pareto-dominates matched-budget BoN. In a strict out-of-distribution setting where one-shot generation collapses (0.7% for BoN), TBS achieves 22.7%, with every solved episode stemming from a restarted branch. Ultimately, TBS reveals that the local reasoning competence of video models far exceeds what single-shot rollouts indicate, providing a scalable test-time framework to unlock it.

19.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-18

Structure Over Nonlinearity: Explicit Interaction Architectures for Dynamical Learning

arXiv:2606.19101v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Most learning architectures for dynamical systems rely on generic nonlinear function approximation, often requiring high model complexity to capture structured behaviors. In this work, we propose an alternative paradigm in which modeling capability arises primarily from structure rather than from expressive nonlinearities. We introduce a class of explicit structured dynamical units based on wave-inspired interaction structures with internal state. Inspired by wave-based computational principles, the proposed units adopt a strictly causal organization that eliminates algebraic loops, yielding fully explicit models that can be evaluated without implicit solvers. Stacking such units produces layered dynamical architectures with emergent hierarchical behavior. Through experiments on a nonlinear system identification task, we show that depth improves both representation quality and generalization, even under limited parameter optimization. In particular, the proposed architectures produce informative internal representations even under readout-only fitting, indicating that useful dynamical structure emerges from the organization of interactions prior to substantial parameter optimization. These results suggest that structure-first design provides a viable and effective alternative to conventional black-box approaches for learning dynamical systems, highlighting the role of interaction structure as a primary source of model expressivity.

20.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-25

Specifying AI-SDLC Processes: A Protocol Language for Human-Agent Boundaries

作者:

arXiv:2606.20615v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: AI agents now participate as first-class team members across the software development lifecycle, yet no specification language exists for expressing the human-agent responsibility boundaries, approval gates, and governance constraints this collaboration requires. Existing approaches encode process in agent prompts (subject to drift), target adjacent domains (workflow management, business processes), or address only fragments (access control, approval gates). We propose a domain-specific language for specifying AI-SDLC processes as protocols, with formal syntax, well-formedness conditions, operational semantics, and enforcement invariants. The language distinguishes policy (declared intent) from mechanism (structural enforcement), enabling implementations to bound process non-determinism through primitives such as validation tokens and capability boundaries. Three results follow. A failure rate analysis shows that structural enforcement bounds system failure rates at a weighted product of agent and validator rates, while behavioral compliance permits cumulative or near-saturating growth. The 2+N team pattern (two human-in-control roles plus N specialized agent members) formalizes classical Separation of Duties for AI-SDLC. Kleene closure of orchestration loops and reflexive protocol-adherence validation emerge as design properties rather than special-case constructs. We position the contribution against multi-agent frameworks (MetaGPT), workflow specification (FlowAgent, BPMN extensions), and capability-based security (SAGA): the novelty lies in the specific integration, not any single primitive. A working implementation demonstrates feasibility; empirical evaluation is future work.

21.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-24

LLMs Prompted for Legal Context Object More: Overrefusal from Small On-Premises LLMs in Criminal Legal Context

arXiv:2606.24585v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While the validity of LLMs' use in the legal context remains subject to ethical and legal debate, legal professionals are already experimenting with personal LLMs, if only for translation and reformulation. However, even such a seemingly innocuous use can introduce biases through case processing speed if LLM assistants selectively refuse assistance on certain topics. To better anticipate such biases, we investigate several modern small LLMs that are most likely to be used as on-device assistants, to assess the impact of overrefusal on legal prompts. Surprisingly, we find that authority-style prefixes (``you are acting as an assistant of the national supreme court'', ``[...] defense lawyer'') systematically increase refusal rates by 2–20x over the no-prefix baseline, while a known role-play jailbreak prefix shows mixed effects, sharply increasing refusals in some models and barely shifting them in others. The finding suggests that small on-prem deployable LLMs are unstable under contextual framings that a real institutional user might naturally introduce, and further investigation is essential to minimize opportunities for bias.

22.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-24

Infinite-Level Hierarchy of Solvable Quantum Circuits

arXiv:2606.23803v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dual-unitary circuits have emerged as a paradigm of exactly solvable yet non-integrable quantum dynamics. Recently, a generalization of dual unitarity attempting to extend the phenomenology of exactly solvable circuits has been introduced through a hierarchy of conditions, with dual unitarity as the first level. However, beyond the second level the proposed generalized dual-unitary hierarchy ceases to be solvable in the whole spacetime. We present an infinite hierarchy of solvability conditions remedying this problem. These new conditions can be combined with the generalized dual-unitary hierarchy to obtain circuits for which correlation functions and entanglement dynamics can be analyzed exactly in the whole spacetime. We show that this novel hierarchy possesses non-trivial solutions at every level. Our results demonstrate that dual unitarity can be systematically extended while preserving solvability, opening up investigations of exactly solvable non-integrable systems with more general properties.

23.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16

Fusion-E2Pulse: A Multimodal Event-RGB Fusion Network for Non-contact Pulse Wave Reconstruction

Non-contact pulse wave reconstruction hinges on the precise recovery of waveform morphology, including the dicrotic notch. Conventional Red-Green-Blue (RGB)-based methods, which extract physiological signals from recorded facial videos, are constrained by the integral imaging mechanism of standard cameras, where the exposure process induces a smoothing effect that attenuates subtle vascular pulsation details. Conversely, neuromorphic event cameras, while offering exceptional sensitivity to intensity fluctuations, are inherently susceptible to noise and artifacts induced by minor motion. To exploit the synergy between frame-based integration and event-based differential sensing, we propose a novel multimodal network named Fusion-E2Pulse. This framework utilizes filtered RGB signals as structural priors to suppress motion artifacts, while leveraging the high-sensitivity of event streams to recover fine-grained morphological details. Experimental results demonstrate that Fusion-E2Pulse achieves state-of-the-art performance, effectively balancing noise suppression and morphological fidelity, achieving a mean absolute error of 0.78 bpm for heart rate estimation, a waveform correlation of 0.89, and a systolic phase duration error of 16.74 ms, validating its efficacy in reconstructing fine-grained pathological features.

24.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25

ILV: Iterative Latent Volumes for Fast and Accurate Sparse-View CT Reconstruction

A long-term goal in CT imaging is to achieve fast and accurate 3D reconstruction from sparse-view projections, thereby reducing radiation exposure, lowering system cost, and enabling timely imaging in clinical workflows. Recent feed-forward approaches have shown strong potential toward this overarching goal, yet their results still suffer from artifacts and loss of fine details. In this work, we introduce Iterative Latent Volumes (ILV), a feed-forward framework that integrates data-driven priors with classical iterative reconstruction principles to overcome key limitations of prior feed-forward models in sparse-view CBCT reconstruction. At its core, ILV constructs an explicit 3D latent volume that is repeatedly updated by conditioning on multi-view X-ray features and the learned anatomical prior, enabling the recovery of fine structural details beyond the reach of prior feed-forward models. In addition, we develop and incorporate several key architectural components, including an X-ray feature volume, group cross-attention, efficient self-attention, and view-wise feature aggregation, that efficiently realize its core latent volume refinement concept. Extensive experiments on a large-scale dataset of approximately 14,000 CT volumes demonstrate that ILV significantly outperforms existing feed-forward and optimization-based methods in both reconstruction quality and speed. These results show that ILV enables fast and accurate sparse-view CBCT reconstruction suitable for clinical use. The project page is available at: https://sngryonglee.github.io/ILV/.

25.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-18

Consistency of sleep timing and duration are associated with more physical activity and favorable heart rate metrics in a naturalistic cohort

Background: Regularity of sleep patterns over time has increasingly gained traction as an important axis of sleep health. Since sleep habits are under some degree of behavioral control, understanding such patterns in naturalistic settings is particularly important. We quantified sleep variability and tested the hypothesis that regularity correlates with physical activity, resting heart rate (rHR), and heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: We analyzed real-world digital health data from over 81,000 participants (over 18 million nights) who provided informed consent to participate in the Apple Heart and Movement Study and elected to contribute sleep, activity, and heart rate data to the study. Variability was quantified using the standard deviation (SD) computed from total sleep time (TST), sleep start time (S-start), end time (S-end), and midpoint time (MP), as well as the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI). Results: The SD-based variability metrics correlated with one another (R values 0.74-0.92), and with the SRI metric (R values 0.62-0.64). More consistent sleep, by any metric, was associated with more activity and better rHR and HRV. The most consistent tertile for TST variability had higher median TST (6.9 vs 5.9 hours), more daily exercise (32.8 vs 20.4 minutes), lower rHR (62.4 vs 65.6 beats per minute), and higher HRV (40.6 vs 37.3), all p