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01.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16

RecourseBench: A Modular Framework for Reproducible Algorithmic Recourse Evaluation

arXiv:2606.16113v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Algorithmic recourse methods provide counterfactual explanations that inform individuals of the actions required to overturn an unfavorable model decision. Despite rapid methodological progress, principled comparison remains elusive; existing frameworks are often difficult to extend and lack both interoperability and systematic verification that integrated methods faithfully reproduce their originally reported results. We introduce RecourseBench, a unified evaluation framework built around three commitments namely, modularity, reproducibility, and interactivity. The framework decomposes the pipeline into five fully decoupled layers – Data, Preprocessing, Model, Recourse Method, and Evaluation – governed by abstract interfaces and a dynamic registry. To address the reproducibility gap in prior benchmarks, we introduce a four-tier classification system in which every integrated method is validated by an automated test suite against its originally reported results. We further provide an interactive web interface for flexible, configuration-driven comparison across methods, datasets, and model architectures. Our framework currently integrates 28 state-of-the-art recourse methods and, to our knowledge, constitutes the first recourse benchmark to explicitly enforce method-level reproducibility through automated, quantitative testing.

02.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17

Conformalized Quantum DeepONet Ensembles for Scalable Operator Learning with Distribution-Free Uncertainty

arXiv:2605.00330v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Operator learning enables fast surrogate modeling of high-dimensional dynamical systems, but existing approaches face two fundamental limitations: quadratic inference complexity and unreliable uncertainty quantification in safety-critical settings. We propose Conformalized Quantum DeepONet Ensembles, a framework that addresses both challenges simultaneously. By leveraging Quantum Orthogonal Neural Networks (QOrthoNNs), we reduce operator inference complexity from O(n^2) to O(n), enabling scalable evaluation over fine discretizations. To provide rigorous uncertainty quantification, we combine ensemble-based epistemic modeling with adaptive conformal prediction, yielding distribution-free coverage guarantees. A key challenge in ensembling is that naive parallelism scales hardware resources linearly with the number of models. We resolve this by using Superposed Parameterized Quantum Circuits (SPQCs), which compress multiple ensemble members into a single circuit and enable simultaneous multi-model execution. Experiments on synthetic partial differential equations and real-world power system dynamics demonstrate that our approach achieves accurate predictions while maintaining calibrated uncertainty under realistic quantum noise. These results establish a practical pathway toward scalable, uncertainty-aware operator learning in quantum machine learning.

03.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-25

Analytic Approach to Quantum Control Using Quantum Signal Processing

arXiv:2606.26085v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Realizing coherent quantum computation requires precise and robust manipulation of quantum systems through quantum control protocols. Most quantum control techniques rely on heuristic methods for designing the driving pulses that steer the system towards a target state. Such methods are often based on brute-force optimization and offer limited understanding of the solution landscape. In contrast, quantum algorithms offer a rich body of analytical methods with rigorous error guarantees for implementing unitary and non-unitary transformations, which suggests a promising direction for developing new approaches to quantum control. Among various such algorithms, quantum signal processing (QSP) has emerged as a powerful framework for quantum algorithm design, implementation, and optimization. However, its potential for quantum control remains largely unexplored. In this work, we establish QSP-Control, an analytical framework for quantum control of qubit-oscillator dynamics. We focus on dispersively coupled qubit-oscillator systems and employ the QSP formalism to mitigate unwanted nonlinear effects arising from cross-Kerr interactions. In addition, we develop constructions for precise manipulation of Fock states by designing Fock-state-selective operators, based on structural parallels between the Jaynes-Cummings interaction and QSP. These findings demonstrate how several practically relevant problems in quantum control can be mapped to forms amenable to QSP, offering both a systematic design framework and an interpretable perspective on quantum control.

04.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-24

Knowledge-Graph Grounding Helps LLMs Only for Out-of-Training Knowledge: A Controlled Study on Clinical Question Answering

A recent Nature Medicine study reports that general-purpose frontier LLMs outperform specialized retrieval-augmented clinical tools on medical benchmarks, and that retrieval can hurt strong models. We ask the natural follow-up: does structured knowledge-graph (KG) grounding change this, and when does grounding help at all? We contribute two results. First, a reproduction: the study's headline HealthBench score (~88) is the Consensus variant, not full HealthBench, where frontier models and ideal completions both score ~46-47 under a physician-calibrated grader (agreement 82.5%); we reproduce GPT-5.2 Consensus =90.9 and flag a score-deflating grader bug. Second, a knowledge-boundary result. Using a graph+vector engine (samyama-graph) over the public biomedical KG PrimeKG, neither naive triple retrieval nor an agentic natural-language-to-Cypher loop (82% successful queries) improves MedQA across a weak-to-strong model ladder (all |Delta|

05.
arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-25

Three non-Hermitian random matrix universality classes of complex edge statistics: Spacing ratios and distributions

arXiv:2603.28457v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The conjectured three generic local bulk statistics amongst all non-Hermitian random matrix symmetry classes have recently been extended to three generic local edge statistics. We study analytically and numerically complex spacing ratios and nearest-neighbour (NN) spacing distributions that characterise such local statistics. We choose the three simplest representatives of these universality classes, given by the Gaussian ensembles of complex Ginibre, complex symmetric and complex self-dual matrices, denoted by class A, AI$^\dag$ and AII$^\dag$. In the first part, we analytically study the complex spacing ratio in class A, at finite matrix size $N$. Introducing a conditional point process, we simplify existing expressions and show why an uncontrolled approximation introduced earlier converges well in the large-$N$ limit in the bulk. When specifying to the elliptic Ginibre ensemble, we present a parameter-dependent $N=3$ surmise for the complex spacing ratio, interpolating to that of the Gaussian unitary ensemble (GUE), where such a surmise is very accurate. In the second numerical part, we compare complex spacing ratios, its moments, and NN spacing distributions for all three ensembles with that of uncorrelated points, the two-dimensional (2D) Poisson process, both in the bulk and at the edge. The varying degree of repulsion within these different edge universality classes can be well understood in terms of an effective 2D Coulomb gas description, at different values of inverse temperature $\beta$. We find indications that the complex spacing ratio does not fully unfold the local statistics at the edge. Finally we verify that for small argument, in all three symmetry classes the NN spacing distributions in the bulk and at the edge are consistent with the universal cubic repulsion.

06.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25

Teach-to-Reason: Competition-Guided Reasoning with a Self-Improving Teacher

Chest X-ray visual question answering (CXR VQA) requires models not only to predict correct answers, but also to produce reliable medical reasoning. However, existing reinforcement-learning-based training typically relies on answer-level rewards, which are often too coarse to improve chain-of-thought (CoT) quality and can become ineffective when group-level advantages collapse to zero. We propose Teach-to-Reason (T2R), a framework that introduces comparison-based supervision into CoT optimization through a self-improving Teacher and a competition-guided Reasoner. As the Teacher is iteratively strengthened via self-competition, the Reasoner is optimized against progressively stronger Teacher-generated references. We further introduce a case-wise reward design that preserves the original reward-induced positive/negative partition when it is informative, and restores supervision from competition scores when the original reward signal degenerates. Experiments on multiple CXR open-ended VQA benchmarks show that T2R consistently outperforms strong baselines, indicating that comparison-based supervision, when integrated in a controlled and principled manner, provides a more effective training signal for reasoning optimization.

07.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16

MapDream: Task-Driven Map Learning for Vision-Language Navigation

Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) requires agents to follow natural language instructions in partially observed 3D environments, motivating map representations that aggregate spatial context beyond local perception. However, most existing approaches rely on hand-crafted maps constructed independently of the navigation policy. We argue that maps should instead be learned representations shaped directly by navigation objectives rather than exhaustive reconstructions. Based on this insight, we propose MapDream, a map-in-the-loop framework that formulates map construction as autoregressive bird's-eye-view (BEV) image synthesis. The framework jointly learns map generation and action prediction, distilling environmental context into a compact three-channel BEV map that preserves only navigation-critical affordances. Supervised pre-training bootstraps a reliable mapping-to-control interface, while the autoregressive design enables end-to-end joint optimization through reinforcement fine-tuning. Experiments on R2R-CE and RxR-CE achieve state-of-the-art monocular performance, validating task-driven generative map learning.

08.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-18

Beyond AHI: An Interpretable Causal-Discovery-Guided Framework for Sleep Recovery in Connected Health

arXiv:2606.18506v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Objective sleep assessment relies on polysomnography (PSG), yet clinical impact is often better reflected in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) such as sleepiness and fatigue. Existing summary indices, including the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), provide limited insight into the multidomain physiology underlying functional recovery. We propose an interpretable, causal-discovery–guided framework for deriving a hierarchical Sleep Recovery Score (SRS) from multimodal PSG. Using two large population cohorts (MESA: n=1540; MrOS: n=825), we apply directed acyclic graph (DAG) learning to identify candidate physiological drivers spanning respiratory burden, hypoxic burden, sleep fragmentation, sleep architecture, and autonomic regulation. Although derived from clinical PSG, these domains map naturally to sensing streams increasingly available in connected health technologies, including wearable ECG, oximetry, and sleep-stage estimation devices. To preserve mechanistic plausibility, we introduce a two-stage screening process that combines physiology-based constraints with constrained LLM-assisted auditing to identify and remove structural confounders and construct-overlapping variables. Across cohorts, these five domains emerge as recurrent physiological domains associated with recovery, and the resulting SRS shows up to 2.5$\times$ stronger alignment with perceived recovery than AHI. By linking multimodal sleep physiology to patient-centered outcomes through an interpretable, bias-aware, and domain structured framework, this work provides a practical foundation for recovery modeling across both clinical sleep studies and emerging smart and connected health settings.

09.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-11

Large Fluctuations in Open Quantum Systems

arXiv:2606.11822v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study statistics of atypical measurement outcomes in the steady states of driven open quantum systems. In equilibrium, the probability distribution over the phase space, as encoded in, e.g., the Wigner function, is analytic in the phase-space coordinates. We show that this property is generically lost in driven dissipative systems: their {\it large-deviation function} develops lines and surfaces across which its derivatives are discontinuous. As an illustrative example, we consider a parametrically driven Kerr oscillator coupled linearly and/or nonlinearly to a dissipative bath. Rare fluctuations in the amplitude and phase of the induced oscillations are governed by semiclassical instanton trajectories of the corresponding Keldysh-Lindblad action. We demonstrate that a given fluctuation can be realized through multiple distinct instanton trajectories. The competition between these trajectories leads to abrupt switching of the dominant instanton and, consequently, to non-analytic features in the large-deviation function.

10.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-17

The Standard Model, The Exceptional Jordan Algebra, and Triality

Authors:

arXiv:2006.16265v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Jordan, Wigner and von Neumann classified the possible algebras of quantum mechanical observables, and found they fell into 4 "ordinary" families, plus one remarkable outlier: the exceptional Jordan algebra. We point out an intriguing relationship between the complexification of this algebra and the standard model of particle physics, its minimal left-right-symmetric $SU(3)\times SU(2)_{L}\times SU(2)_{R}\times U(1)$ extension, and $Spin(10)$ unification. This suggests a geometric interpretation, where a single generation of standard model fermions is described by the tangent space $(\mathbb{C}\otimes\mathbb{O})^{2}$ of the complex octonionic projective plane, and the existence of three generations is related to $SO(8)$ triality.

11.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-18

HACMatch Semi-Supervised Rotation Regression with Hardness-Aware Curriculum Pseudo Labeling

Regressing 3D rotations of objects from 2D images is a crucial yet challenging task, with broad applications in autonomous driving, virtual reality, and robotic control. Existing rotation regression models often rely on large amounts of labeled data for training or require additional information beyond 2D images, such as point clouds or CAD models. Therefore, exploring semi-supervised rotation regression using only a limited number of labeled 2D images is highly valuable. While recent work FisherMatch introduces semi-supervised learning to rotation regression, it suffers from rigid entropy-based pseudo-label filtering that fails to effectively distinguish between reliable and unreliable unlabeled samples. To address this limitation, we propose a hardness-aware curriculum learning framework that dynamically selects pseudo-labeled samples based on their difficulty, progressing from easy to complex examples. We introduce both multi-stage and adaptive curriculum strategies to replace fixed-threshold filtering with more flexible, hardness-aware mechanisms. Additionally, we present a novel structured data augmentation strategy specifically tailored for rotation estimation, which assembles composite images from augmented patches to introduce feature diversity while preserving critical geometric integrity. Comprehensive experiments on PASCAL3D+ and ObjectNet3D demonstrate that our method outperforms existing supervised and semi-supervised baselines, particularly in low-data regimes, validating the effectiveness of our curriculum learning framework and structured augmentation approach.

12.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-24

BioMedArena: An Open-source Toolkit for Building and Evaluating Biomedical Deep Research Agents

arXiv:2605.06177v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reproducing and comparing deep research agents today is hard: the same backbone evaluated on the same benchmark can report different accuracies across papers because the harness and tool registry differ, and integrating a new model into a comparable evaluation surface costs weeks of model-specific engineering. These are symptoms of a broader reproducibility problem in deep research agent research. Here, we introduce BioMedArena, an open-source toolkit that addresses this reproducibility gap and provides an arena for comparing deep research agents under a shared evaluation environment. BioMedArena decouples six layers of biomedical agent evaluation – benchmark loading, tool exposure, tool selection, harness mode, context management, and scoring – and exposes 166 biomedical benchmarks and 75 biomedical tools across 9 functional families. Adding a new model, benchmark, or tool can be accomplished with a few-line provider adapter. Beyond evaluation infrastructure, BioMedArena ships a library of high-quality reference components: 6 agent harnesses (including our proposed Mutual-Evolve) and 6 context-management strategies, any of which can be equipped on any backbone. Equipping these components substantially improves all 12 backbones; on each of 8 representative biomedical benchmarks, the best equipped backbone surpasses prior state-of-the-art (SOTA), by 15.01 percentage points on average. The toolkit, configurations, and per-task traces are available at https://github.com/AI-in-Health/BioMedArena.

13.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-18

Structured Cognitive Loop for Behavioral Intelligence in Large Language Model Agents (Extended Revision: From Behavioral Architecture to Epistemic Accountability)

Authors:

arXiv:2510.05107v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The central challenge for AI agents is not only performance but accountability. Agents that act through opaque prompt sequences may produce correct outputs, but they provide little basis for verifying why an action was permitted, where an error occurred, or how responsibility should be assigned. This paper presents the Structured Cognitive Loop as an architecture for accountable behavior in large language model agents. SCL separates cognition, memory, control, and action into distinct modules. The language model proposes. External memory preserves verified state. A lightweight controller checks preconditions, prevents redundant actions, and authorizes execution before tools are used. We evaluate SCL against ReAct and common LangChain agent variants across travel planning, conditional email drafting, and constraint guided image generation. Across 360 episodes, SCL achieves 86.3 percent task success compared with 70.5 to 76.8 percent for prompt based baselines. It also improves goal fidelity, reduces redundant tool calls, increases reuse of intermediate state, and lowers unsupported assertions. This extended revision situates SCL within a broader architecture of epistemic accountability. Subsequent extensions integrate context aware Human in the Loop control, Pool Gated Retrieval, and the Horizon Warrant Commitment framework. Together these components define an agent architecture in which the model proposes, structure decides, evidence is warranted before use, and human judgment is embedded in the trace rather than imposed after the fact. The result is a foundation for AI agents whose decisions are not only effective but also authorized, inspectable, and accountable.

14.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16

Certified Finite-Shot Operating Windows for Virtual Distillation and Symmetry Verification

arXiv:2606.15464v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantum error mitigation methods are usually compared through their infinite-shot bias, but on real devices the comparison is decided by finite sampling budgets, estimator instabilities, and per-shot resource costs. We develop a finite-shot operating-window theory that makes this comparison certifiable for virtual distillation (VD) and symmetry verification (SV): for each method we derive a mean-squared-error law with explicit, non-asymptotic remainder constants. For VD, the law captures the statistical bias and denominator instability of its quotient estimator, with a concentration certificate locating the sample size beyond which the quotient is trustworthy; for SV, it isolates the bias floor left by undetectable errors and the sampling penalty set by the acceptance probability. A selection trichotomy classifies any two-method comparison into a tie, uniform dominance, or a genuine tradeoff with a certified crossing window, including a self-consistency test that rejects spurious crossings. The theory makes falsifiable predictions – operating-window locations scaling as $p^{-2}$ or $p^{-1}$ in the noise rate, and the sign pattern of all pairwise comparisons – which exact white-box experiments confirm with fitted exponent $-1.97$ against the predicted $-2$ and with $300/300$ sign agreement, within a pre-registered analysis whose single failed gate, an over-strict all-instance criterion, is reported and audited in full. Gate-level simulation and archived runs on two IBM backends then test the windows under device conditions: idealized VD windows exist, but realistic interferometry overhead and denominator instability erase them, and calibrated SV is the practical winner in the tested QAOA instances. This absence of a universal winner is not a failure of mitigation; it is the regime structure that certified operating windows predict.

15.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-19

Evaluating deep learning models for fault diagnosis of a rotating machinery with epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty

arXiv:2412.18980v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Uncertainty-aware deep learning (DL) models recently gained attention in fault diagnosis as a way to promote the reliable detection of faults when out-of-distribution (OOD) data arise from unseen faults (epistemic uncertainty) or the presence of noise (aleatoric uncertainty). In this paper, we present the first comprehensive comparative study of state-of-the-art uncertainty-aware DL architectures for fault diagnosis in rotating machinery, where different scenarios affected by epistemic uncertainty and different types of aleatoric uncertainty are investigated. The selected architectures include sampling by dropout, Bayesian neural networks, and deep ensembles. Moreover, to distinguish between in-distribution and OOD data in the different scenarios two uncertainty thresholds, one of which is introduced in this paper, are alternatively applied. Our empirical findings offer guidance to practitioners and researchers who have to deploy real-world uncertainty-aware fault diagnosis systems. In particular, they reveal that, in the presence of epistemic uncertainty, all DL models are capable of effectively detecting, on average, a substantial portion of OOD data across all the scenarios. However, deep ensemble models show superior performance, independently of the uncertainty threshold used for discrimination. In the presence of aleatoric uncertainty, the noise level plays an important role. Specifically, low noise levels hinder the models' ability to effectively detect OOD data. Even in this case, however, deep ensemble models exhibit a milder degradation in performance, dominating the others. These achievements, combined with their shorter inference time, make deep ensemble architectures the preferred choice.

16.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-25

Helpful or Harmful? Evaluating LLM-Assisted Vulnerability Patching via a Human Study

arXiv:2606.25973v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Software vulnerability remediation is a cognitively demanding task that requires specialized security expertise often lacking in general developers. In the meantime, Large Language Models (LLMs) assisted tools show potential in vulnerability detection, location, and repair tasks. [Hypothesis:] While LLM-assistance is hypothesized to accelerate patching, it also risks introducing hallucinations or insecure code, leading to a higher likelihood of generating superficial repairs that bypass the standard functionality checks but fail the security validation. [Objective:] We aim to present an empirical experiment, unveiling the capability of LLM-assisted vulnerability patching compared to manual debugging on human participants in real-world scenarios. [Method:] We plan to conduct a controlled experiment using a Balanced Crossover design. For that, we have developed a WebApp for code execution and integrated hidden Ghost Tests to verify patch integrity beyond visible functional requirements. The experiment involves training and evaluation scenarios. The remediation speed, remediation efficacy for both standard functionality tests and security tests, and participant perception will be evaluated. [Pilot Study:] A pilot experiment with a small sample of participants has been conducted, providing insights for the following study.

17.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16

GridVQA-X: A Framework for Evaluating Multimodal Explainability Methods

With the increasing development of Vision-Language Models, it becomes imperative that their predictions are readily explainable to relevant stakeholders. However, the field of explainability has not kept pace with the multimodal surge. While recent Multimodal Explainable AI (MxAI) methods generate explanations to attribute the interaction between different modalities, current evaluation protocols lack the ground truth required to distinguish between true cross-modal reasoning (e.g., spatial composition) and shallow cross-modal shortcuts (e.g., Bag-of-Words attribute matching). It remains unknown whether MxAI methods faithfully capture synergistic interactions or merely hallucinate reasoning on models acting as simple feature detectors. In this paper, we introduce GridVQA-X, the first diagnostic framework specifically designed to evaluate cross-modal explainability. Unlike natural datasets, GridVQA-X leverages a closed-world synthesis logic to generate unique, mathematically guaranteed explanations. We utilize this controlled environment to train paired ground-truth models on identical architectures: $M_{pure}$, which learns robust spatial-relational reasoning and $M_{spur}$, which is structurally forced to rely on cross-modal shortcuts. This behavioral divergence creates a rigorous testbed: a faithful explainer must report distinct reasoning pathways for each model. Our findings reveal that widely used methods fail to distinguish between models relying on genuine spatial-relational reasoning and those exploiting cross-modal shortcuts, highlighting a critical gap in capturing true cross-modal synergy and misrepresenting how multimodal models actually make decisions.

18.
arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-25

Selection principles for quasi-stationary distributions and reinforcement processes

arXiv:2606.25857v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Let \(P\) be a sub-Markov matrix on a finite set \(S\), representing the transition probabilities of a Markov chain on \(S\) absorbed at a cemetery point \(\partial\notin S\). We consider a reinforced process \((X_n,\mu_n)\) defined as follows: \((X_n)\) behaves like a chain with kernel \(P\) until it dies, and when it dies at time \(n\), it is instantaneously ``resurrected'' at a point sampled according to its weighted past occupation measure \[ \mu_n = \frac1{W_n} \left( w_0\mu_0+\sum_{k=1}^n w_k\delta_{X_k} \right), \qquad W_n=\sum_{k=0}^n w_k, \] where the positive weights $w_k$ satisfy certain technical assumptions, a typical example being given by $w_k = k^q$, with $q\geq -1$. When \(P\) is irreducible, the behaviour of \((\mu_n)\) is well understood [AFP], [bansaye2022non]: it converges almost surely toward the unique quasi-stationary distribution (QSD) of \(P\). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the general situation where \(P\) is not irreducible. Under generic assumptions on \(P\), there are finitely many QSDs. We prove that the asymptotic selection depends on the summability of the inverse cumulative weights \(1/W_n\). If \[ \sum_{n\geq0}\frac1{W_n}=\infty, \] then \((\mu_n)\) almost surely converges toward the QSD associated with the largest Perron value. If instead \[ \sum_{n\geq0}\frac1{W_n}0\).

19.
Nature (Science) 2026-06-10

A 5.3-million-year-old deep-sea whale necropolis in the Diamantina Zone

Authors:

Whale falls are biodiversity oases at seabeds1–6, yet their record from the oceans has remained sparse and fragmentary6,7. Here we report the discovery of a vast whale necropolis in the Diamantina Zone (4,616- to 7,001-m depth), extending about 1,200 km along the sea floor of the southeastern Indian Ocean. This area has a deep and extensive accumulation comprising five modern natural whale-fall communities and 476 fossil cetaceans recorded. We show that carcasses host specialized communities dominated by brittle stars, bone-boring worms and chemosynthesis-based bivalves and that the fossil record in this area comprises both extant and extinct deep-diving beaked whales. Isotopic dating shows that whale falls in this region have occurred since at least 5.3 million years ago. These findings reshape the understanding of the limits and biogeography of whale-fall ecosystems and establish some deep sea floors as a fossil archive for tracing cetacean evolution over geological time. Researchers uncovered an enormous deep-sea accumulation of whale remains in the southeastern Indian Ocean, showing long-term, specialized ecosystems and an extensive fossil record that offers new insight into deep-ocean biodiversity and whale evolutionary history.

20.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-12

GF-DiT: Scheduling Parallelism for Diffusion Transformer Serving

arXiv:2606.13501v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) have become the dominant architecture for image and video generation, creating growing demand for efficient DiT serving. Existing systems assign each request a fixed parallel configuration throughout its lifetime. However, DiT workloads exhibit substantial heterogeneity across requests, execution stages, and system conditions, making static parallelism inefficient and often leading to poor GPU utilization and degraded service quality. This paper argues that DiT serving should treat GPU parallelism as a first-class schedulable resource. We present GF-DiT, a policy-programmable runtime for elastic DiT serving that dynamically adapts the parallelism of running requests according to workload demands and service objectives. GF-DiT introduces an asynchronous execution abstraction that decomposes requests into independently schedulable trajectory tasks and enables online GPU reallocation. To make elastic parallelism practical, GF-DiT further proposes group-free collectives, a lightweight communication abstraction that supports low-overhead online formation and reconfiguration of arbitrary execution groups. We implement GF-DiT in vLLM-Omni and evaluate it on representative image and video diffusion workloads. Compared with fixed-pipeline execution with static parallelism, GF-DiT improves throughput by up to 6.01$\times$, reduces mean latency by up to 95%, lowers SLO violation rates by up to 90%, and reduces communication-group setup overhead from 778 ms to approximately 60 $\mu$s.

21.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11

APEX: Automated Prompt Engineering eXpert with Dynamic Data Selection

Large Language Models are highly sensitive to prompt formulation, necessitating automatic prompt optimization to unlock their full potential. While evolutionary algorithms have emerged as the dominant paradigm, they suffer from a critical bottleneck: data efficiency. Current methods treat the development dataset as a static benchmark, wasting significant compute budget on uninformative data. In this work, we introduce APEX (Automatic Prompt Engineering eXpert), a novel framework that optimizes the data usage alongside the prompt search. APEX dynamically stratifies the dataset into Easy, Hard, and Mixed tiers based on the optimization lineage. By prioritizing the Mixed tier, which identifies the data where the LLM has mixed performance, we identify two high-leverage subsets: the addressable frontier for generating informative mutations and the rank-sensitive frontier for distinguishing candidate quality. We evaluate APEX across three diverse benchmarks: IFBench, SimpleQA Verified, and FACTS Grounding. Under a fixed budget of 5,000 evaluation calls, due to its data efficiency, APEX outperforms the initial prompt by an average of 11.2% on Gemini 2.5 Flash and 6.8% on Gemma 3 27B, demonstrating that a data-centric approach is key to efficient and effective prompt optimization.

22.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16

Speaking the Language of Science: Toward a General-Purpose Generative Foundation Model for the Natural Sciences

In this report, we present LOGOS (Language Of Generative Objects in Science), a scientific generative language model that unifies heterogeneous tasks across the natural sciences within a single autoregressive framework based on a shared scientific grammar. It encodes diverse scientific objects and their spatial interactions as token sequences over a common vocabulary. By representing spatial contact and constraint patterns as discrete tokens, the model captures complex structural interactions in a purely sequential manner, without relying on explicit coordinates or geometric neural networks. This unified representation enables a wide range of downstream tasks to be formulated consistently as next-token prediction in the same grammar space, creating strong alignment between continued multi-domain pre-training and downstream objectives. Across diverse tasks, LOGOS consistently matches or outperforms domain-specific baselines, providing preliminary evidence for the feasibility of "one model fits all" in the natural sciences. We train LOGOS models at different scales (1B, 3B, and 8B parameters) and find a consistent positive correlation between model size and performance. This suggests that the future of AI for Science (AI4S) may not lie in building an independent technical stack that is separated from large language models (LLMs). Instead, it may depend on deeply aligning scientific foundation models with LLMs through shared architectures, shared training paradigms, and shared inference infrastructure, so that LLMs can truly become a new entry point for AI4S. We release the model weights and associated resources to facilitate further research.

23.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-11

Carbon-Aware Governance Gates: An Architecture for Sustainable GenAI Development

arXiv:2602.19718v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The rapid adoption of Generative AI (GenAI) in the software development life cycle (SDLC) increases computational demand, which can raise the carbon footprint of development activities. At the same time, organizations are increasingly embedding governance mechanisms into GenAI-assisted development to support trust, transparency, and accountability. However, these governance mechanisms introduce additional computational workloads, including repeated inference, regeneration cycles, and expanded validation pipelines, increasing energy use and the carbon footprint of GenAI-assisted development. This paper proposes Carbon-Aware Governance Gates (CAGG), an architectural extension that embeds carbon budgets, energy provenance, and sustainability-aware validation orchestration into human-AI governance layers. CAGG comprises three components: (i) an Energy and Carbon Provenance Ledger, (ii) a Carbon Budget Manager, and (iii) a Green Validation Orchestrator, operationalized through governance policies and reusable design patterns.

24.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16

A New Definition of Quantum Superposition

arXiv:2606.15607v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The usual description of the superposition of two (pure quantum) states is ambiguous, since the binary operation of summation in a Hilbert space does not pass down to the quotient projective space. Even though Dirac noted this as early as 1930, it is often asserted that the superposition is a binary operation acting on two states with a value that is a unique state. The goal for this note is to motivate a rigorous, geometrical definition of the superposition of states in the setting of complex projective space, which has been argued elsewhere to be the natural geometric phase space for quantum theory. The upshot is that the new definition of the superposition of two pure states, viewed as two distinct points in the projective space, is the unique (complex) line on which those two points lie. Finally, a comparison is given between superposition and expansion in an orthonormal basis.

25.
arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-25

Breuer-Major Theorems for Hilbert Space-Valued Random Variables

arXiv:2405.11452v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Let $\{X_k\}_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}$ be a stationary Gaussian process with values in a separable Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_1$, and let $G:\mathcal{H}_1\to\mathcal{H}_2$ be a measurable map into another separable Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_2$. We derive a central limit theorem for the centered normalized partial sums of the Hilbert space-valued subordinated process $\{G[X_k]\}_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}$. Our result holds under either of two sets of sufficient conditions, formulated in terms of the transformation $G$ and the temporal and cross-sectional dependence structure of $\{X_k\}_{k\in\mathbb Z}$. These conditions coincide in finite dimensions but lead to genuinely different phenomena in the infinite-dimensional setting. The proof relies on the recently developed Fourth Moment Theorem on Hilbert spaces, leveraging tools from the infinite-dimensional Malliavin-Stein framework. We also provide continuous-time and quantitative versions of the central limit theorem. In a series of examples, we recover and strengthen limit theorems for a wide array of statistics relevant in functional data analysis, and present, as an application of our result, a novel limit theorem in the framework of neural operators.