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01.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16

Non-Gaussian Phase Transition and Cascade of Instabilities in the Dissipative Quantum Rabi Model

Authors:
Mingyu Kang↗Yikang Zhang↗Kenneth R. Brown↗Thomas Barthel↗

arXiv:2507.07092v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The open quantum Rabi model describes a two-level system coupled to a harmonic oscillator. A Gaussian phase transition for the nonequilibrium steady states has been predicted when the bosonic mode is soft and subject to damping. We show that oscillator dephasing is a relevant perturbation, which leads to a non-Gaussian phase transition and an intriguing cascade of instabilities for $k$-th order bosonic operators, as well as a jump in the steady-state qubit polarization. For the soft-mode limit, the equations of motion form a closed hierarchy and spectral properties can be efficiently studied. To this purpose, we establish a fruitful connection to non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. The results for the phase diagram, stability boundaries, and relevant observables are based on mean-field analysis, exact diagonalization, perturbation theory, and Keldysh field theory.

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02.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-24

Certifying Quantum Optimization and Circuit Cutting by Using Quantum-Classical Moment Duality

Authors:
Ammar Daskin↗

arXiv:2606.23727v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We establish a direct quantum-classical duality based on the degree-$2$ Sum-of-Squares (SoS) semidefinite programming cone: the matrix of two-qubit Pauli-$Z$ correlation functions obtained from any quantum state $\rho$ is automatically a feasible point of the classical Goemans-Williamson (GW) relaxation. This observation provides a universal ``safety net'' for quantum optimization algorithms: applying GW random hyperplane rounding to the quantum-driven moment matrix yields a certified expected cut value $\mathbb{E}[\mathrm{Cut}] \ge \alpha_{\mathrm{GW}}\langle\mathcal{H}\rangle_\rho$, valid for every state produced by variational algorithms such as QAOA or the Variational Quantum Power Method (VQPM), regardless of convergence quality. We further show that the same moment matrix reveals the tensor-product structure of the underlying unitary circuit, enabling a polynomial-time, correlation-based circuit cutting procedure with rigorous error bounds. The framework is validated numerically on Max-Cut instances for variational quantum algorithms and on random states for circuit cutting, demonstrating that the cheap two-point correlation data are sufficient to locate near-optimal bipartitions and that the theoretical error bounds hold in practice.

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03.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-24

TrOCR for Medieval HTR: A Systematic Ablation Study with Cross-Dataset Validation

Authors:
Sachin Sharma↗Michele Flammini↗Federico Simonetta↗

Fine-tuning transformer-based handwritten text recognition (HTR) models on medieval manuscripts is challenging because these models are pre-trained on modern text and must adapt to a very different visual domain. This paper studies how three controllable fine-tuning choices (contrast normalization, data augmentation, and layer freezing) affect recognition accuracy when adapting TrOCR to small historical datasets. We run controlled experiments on a 13th-century Italian manuscript (I-CT 91 "Cortonese") and replicate the same experimental grid on the public READ-16 benchmark as robustness evidence. On Cortonese, our best configuration achieves 8.03% character error rate (CER). Statistical comparisons across 13 configurations show that freezing up to three encoder layers or six decoder layers does not significantly harm accuracy, while deeper freezing becomes progressively detrimental. Removing contrast normalization (CLAHE) yields 7.84% CER, comparable to a domain-specialized baseline, suggesting strong optimization can reduce reliance on image preprocessing. Cross-dataset validation on READ-16 shows that decoder freezing thresholds transfer more robustly than encoder thresholds, and combined freezing strategies require dataset-specific re-validation. Finally, we use Grad-CAM gradient attributions and decoder cross-attention maps to diagnose error patterns and failure modes revealed by the ablations. Source code is available at https://github.com/LaudareProject/TrOCR-analysis

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04.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16

Demystifying Variance in Circuit Discovery of LLMs

Authors:
Frank Zhengqing Wu↗Francesco Tonin↗Volkan Cevher↗

arXiv:2606.16920v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Circuit discovery is a key technique in mechanistic interpretability to pinpoint the model components that are crucial for performing a given task. Although the current state-of-the-art method (EAP-IG) performs well on the metric of (un)faithfulness, it suffers from substantial variability. This includes resampling variance, where the circuit changes when we probe with a new batch of data from the same distribution; rephrasing variance, where the discovered circuit shifts when the prompts are rephrased; and sample-wise variance, where a circuit with low population unfaithfulness exhibits large fluctuations in unfaithfulness across individual samples. This paper studies the roots of these variances. We demonstrate that CEAP, our new circuit discovery method that improves upon EAP-IG with a theoretical guarantee, can substantially lessen resampling variance. We further show that rephrasing variance arises because prompts with different templates tend to activate different circuits in the model. This leads us to argue that it may be challenging to find a comprehensive circuit that explains and controls the model's behavior on a task, which can be expressed in countless templates, suggesting that LLMs may be inherently hard to steer. We show that sparsity, which has been claimed to form more compact and interpretable task circuits, fails to solve this problem. Regarding sample-wise variance, we argue that it is largely benign: extremely poor unfaithfulness scores often stem from how unfaithfulness is defined, rather than from defects in the measured circuits. We show that the magnitude of unfaithfulness is affected by selective contribution scaling, a neural mechanism that accounts for the extremely poor scores sometimes observed.

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05.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16

Is My Vision-Language Data in Your AI? Membership Inference Test (MINT) Demo 2

Authors:
Daniel DeAlcala↗Gonzalo Mancera↗Julian Fierrez↗Aythami Morales↗Ruben Tolosana↗Ruben Vera-Rodriguez↗

We present the Membership Inference Test (MINT) Demo 2, a framework designed to improve transparency in machine learning training processes. MINT is a technique for experimentally determining whether specific data were used during machine learning model training. We establish the theoretical framework and propose multiple architectures for MINT depending on the amount of information known about the models that are being audited. Experimental results using a popular face recognition model, 4 state-of-the-art LLMs, and multiple, diverse, and large-scale public image and text databases achieve promising accuracy levels in the detection of training data of up to 90%. Building on these results, we introduce a comprehensive web platform1 that expands these capabilities to image and text modalities. The platform integrates a diverse technological stack, including MINT, aMINT, and gMINT, allowing users to audit a wide range of models. This demonstrator aims to promote AI transparency and provides a practical tool to foster compliance with emerging AI regulations.

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06.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-10

Gendered pathways to adolescent mental health: An empirical assessment of a new conceptual framework

Authors:
Alaze↗Hagen↗Schamberger↗Razum↗Miani↗

Introduction Gender norms and roles are important determinants of physical and mental health in the key period of adolescence. Yet, the gendered pathways to mental health in adolescents are not fully understood. Using a conceptual framework for global adolescent mental health that we developed based on a Delphi process, we empirically investigated the associations between six gender-related constructs and adolescent mental health. Methods We used cross-sectional Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) data from Ethiopia (2020) to explore the associations between sex, gender norms, psychological competencies, gender attitudes, gender roles, with the latter two also serving as mediators, and psychological distress (GHQ-12), using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Results The SEM model contained measurements from 1,584 adolescents, including 843 girls and 741 boys, with a median age of 13 years. Out of 14 pathways tested, we found statistically significant associations between psychological competencies and psychological distress; sex and gender attitudes; and between gender norms and psychological competencies, gender attitudes, and gender roles. Hence, the gender-related constructs were mostly associated with each other, rather than with psychological distress. Conclusion The gender-related constructs are strongly interrelated, thereby attenuating their individual effects on psychological distress. The interplay of gender-related constructs should be considered when developing interventions to promote mental health in adolescents.

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07.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17

Maximin Relative Improvement: Fair Learning as a Bargaining Problem

Authors:
Jiwoo Han↗Moulinath Banerjee↗Yuekai Sun↗

arXiv:2602.04155v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: When deploying a single predictor across multiple subpopulations, we propose a fundamentally different approach: interpreting group fairness as a bargaining problem among subpopulations. This game-theoretic perspective reveals that existing robust optimization methods such as minimizing worst-group loss or regret correspond to classical bargaining solutions and embody different fairness principles. We propose relative improvement, the ratio of actual risk reduction to potential reduction from a baseline predictor, which recovers the Kalai-Smorodinsky solution. Unlike absolute-scale methods that may not be comparable when groups have different potential predictability, relative improvement provides axiomatic justification including scale invariance and individual monotonicity. We establish finite-sample convergence guarantees under mild conditions.

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08.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-24

Selective Capability Unlearning in End-to-End Spoken Language Understanding

Authors:
Akanksha Singh↗Vinod Kumar Kurmi↗

Modern spoken language understanding (SLU) systems are increasingly deployed in real-world settings, where specific functionalities may need to be removed due to policy or safety constraints. In SLU, a functionality corresponds to an intent and its associated slot-generation behavior. However, in autoregressive models, suppressing a target intent does not eliminate the conditional mapping that generates slots conditioned on that intent. When the intent prefix is externally supplied, the model can reconstruct the original intent-slot structure. We identify this structural failure as capability persistence. We propose \underline{Binding \underline{S}ubspace (BSU)}, a representation-level framework that isolates and attenuates intent-conditioned directions underlying this mapping. Across SLU benchmarks, BSU substantially reduces forced-prefix recoverability while preserving retained performance.

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09.
Nature (Science) 2026-06-17

The ancestors of eukaryotic cells contained a mix of genes from various microbes

Authors: Unknown Author

Reconstruction of the ancestral gene repertoire of eukaryotic cells reveals traces of a series of close, long-term interactions with diverse microorganisms, and a role of viruses in gene exchange. The findings challenge the view that eukaryotic cells evolved from a simple merger of just two organisms. A series of gene-transfer events might have taken place in complex microbial communities.

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10.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16

Exact Posterior Score Estimation for Solving Linear Inverse Problems

Authors:
Abbas Mammadov↗Ozgur Kara↗Kaan Oktay↗Iskander Azangulov↗Adil Kaan Akan↗Hyungjin Chung↗James Matthew Rehg↗Yee Whye Teh↗

Diffusion and flow-based models learn powerful data priors by training a denoiser to reverse Gaussian corruption. To use this prior to solve a linear inverse problem, one needs to sample from the posterior, but the score that the prior provides is the unconditional score, not the posterior score. Existing methods either steer a fixed pretrained denoiser with approximate measurement-matching corrections, or train a conditional restoration model that abandons the denoising structure of the prior. We derive the exact posterior score in closed form for linear Gaussian inverse problems under general Gaussian interpolants, and show that posterior sampling reduces to a denoising problem at an operator-dependent shifted pivot under an anisotropic noise covariance. We turn this identity into Exact Posterior Score (EPS), a denoising training objective that preserves the input/output structure of standard pretraining and can therefore be trained from scratch or fine-tuned from a pretrained denoiser. At inference, EPS uses the same sampler as the underlying backbone, with no likelihood gradients or projections. We evaluate EPS on five linear inverse problems across FFHQ and ImageNet, where it outperforms training-free and training-based baselines on fidelity, perceptual, and distributional metrics, while using roughly an order of magnitude fewer denoiser evaluations than gradient-based posterior samplers.

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11.
arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-11

Large deviations for marked sparse random graphs with applications to interacting diffusions

Authors:
Rangel Baldasso↗Roberto I Oliveira↗Alan Pereira↗Guilherme Reis↗

arXiv:2204.08789v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We consider the empirical neighborhood distribution of marked sparse Erdős-Rényi random graphs, obtained by decorating edges and vertices of a sparse Erdős-Rényi random graph with i.i.d. random elements taking values on Polish spaces. We prove that the empirical neighborhood distribution of this model satisfies a large deviation principle in the framework of local weak convergence. We rely on the concept of BC-entropy introduced by Delgosha and Anantharam~(2019) which is inspired on the previous work by Bordenave and Caputo~(2015). Our main technical contribution is an approximation result that allows one to pass from graph with marks in discrete spaces to marks in general Polish spaces. As an application of the results developed here, we prove a large deviation principle for interacting diffusions driven by gradient evolution and defined on top of sparse Erdős-Rényi random graphs. In particular, our results apply for the stochastic Kuramoto model. We obtain analogous results for the sparse uniform random graph with given number of edges.

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12.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-19

Multi-Modal Contrastive Learning for Implicit Earth Embeddings via Location Tying

Authors:
Jonathan Hecht↗Lukas Arzoumanidis↗Ziyue Li↗Youness Dehbi↗

arXiv:2606.20167v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Spatial prediction tasks are often limited by a lack of high-quality labelled ground-truth observations. To overcome this challenge, self-supervised pre-training is a possible solution, with contrastive learning dominant for location encoders. Those approaches usually align geographic coordinates with just one additional modality. We propose two multimodal contrastive learning architectures: Multimodal Embedding via Location Tying (MELT) and Sequential Alternating Location Training (SALT). These architectures expand this framework beyond two modalities by utilising unpaired geospatial data. Both methods are technically viable and match the performance of the strongest two-modality baseline (SATCLIP) across four downstream tasks. However, increasing the number of modalities does not consistently improve performance, suggesting that the chosen location encoder is the main limitation - the contrastive objective reaches its peak early, regardless of modality diversity or pre-training volume. MELT provides more stable training than SALT and presents a stronger foundation for future scaling.

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13.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-16

Study of the triangular-lattice Hubbard model with constrained-path quantum Monte Carlo

Authors:
Shu Fay Ung↗Ankit Mahajan↗David R. Reichman↗

arXiv:2603.14808v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We benchmark constrained-path Monte Carlo (CPMC) on the triangular-lattice Hubbard model for several fillings and $U$ values and show that symmetry-adapted trial wave functions substantially improve quantitative accuracy. Away from half-filling, simple free-electron-based trials that preserve the ground state symmetry yield energy deviations $\lesssim 1\%$ from exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group results. At half-filling, strong frustration in the intermediate to large $U$ regimes necessitates symmetry-projected trials to reach comparable accuracy, where both free-electron and symmetry-broken Hartree-Fock trials incur substantial constraint bias. Since the computational cost of CPMC with symmetry projection scales polynomially with system size, our results motivate its use as a practical route for studying competing ground states in strongly correlated, frustrated systems.

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14.
arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-24

Strong duality for the GROW criterion

Authors:
Ashwin Ram↗Martin Larsson↗Johannes Ruf↗Aaditya Ramdas↗

arXiv:2606.24768v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper presents general strong duality results when testing hypotheses by betting against them. A bet is an e-variable for a composite null hypothesis $\mathcal{P}$: a nonnegative random variable $X$ whose expected value is at most one under every $\P \in \Pcal$. Following Kelly, Breiman, Cover, Shafer, Grünwald and others, we study a natural minimax log-optimality criterion: given a composite alternative $\Qcal$, we characterize the ``GROW value'' $\sup_{X} \inf_{\Q} \E_{\Q}[\log X]$. This paper generalizes the results of [larsson2025numeraire] from (arbitrary $\Pcal$ and) simple $\Qcal$ to arbitrary $\Qcal$. We identify a weak-$*$ joint information projection pair between arbitrary $\Pcal$ and $\Qcal$ that always exists and show that the GROW value for bounded e-variables always equals the relative entropy of this pair, without any restrictions on $\Pcal$ or $\Qcal$. We also prove a similarly general strong duality for the REGROW criterion with bounded e-variables and arbitrary bounded offsets. Under various assumptions our results extend to unbounded e-variables, and examples show that without any assumptions such extensions fail. Our results are analogous to those in[larsson2026complete], swapping tests for bounded e-variables, minimax risk for the GROW criterion, and total variation for relative entropy.

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15.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-12

OpenMedQ: Broad Open Pretraining for Medical Vision-Language Models

Authors:
Ibrahim Gulluk↗Max Van Puyvelde↗Olivier Gevaert↗

We present OpenMedQ, a medical vision-language model pretrained on the broadest fully-open medical mix to date: 14 datasets totaling ~3.35M pretraining samples spanning pathology, radiology, microscopy, and text-only clinical QA. OpenMedQ reaches state-of-the-art BLEU-1 on PathVQA (75.9), beating Med-PaLM M variants up to 562B parameters (~80x larger), and matches the best reported VQA-MED BLEU-1 (64.5). Its vision encoder, transferred to 8 unseen medical classification benchmarks under an identical downstream recipe, obtains the highest average macro-F1 (0.757) among BiomedCLIP (0.745), PMC-CLIP (0.745), PubMedCLIP (0.746), and a from-scratch baseline (0.616). We release our code and an interactive demo is publicly available as a reproducible baseline for the community.

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16.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-19

NAMESAKES: Probing Identity Memorization in Text-to-Image Models

Authors:
Morris Alper↗Vasudha Varadarajan↗Moran Yanuka↗Angelina Wang↗Hadar Averbuch-Elor↗

Text-to-image (T2I) models generate realistic likenesses of some individuals when prompted with their names, raising privacy concerns. However, distinguishing whether a generated face is memorized or fabricated currently requires ground-truth photos, access to training data, or white-box access to model internals, limiting applicability. We introduce a fully black-box behavioral probe that distinguishes between these regimes while requiring no reference photos or prior knowledge of training data. To benchmark this task, we present the NAMESAKES dataset of over one thousand names and faces of public figures spanning a wide range of fame levels, along with perturbed, less famous names. Experiments on state-of-the-art T2I models show that our probe substantially predicts identity memorization and separates memorized from unrecognized names, with further insights into differences across model families.

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17.
arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-11

Hierarchical Random Measures without Tables

Authors:
Marta Catalano↗Claudio Del Sole↗

arXiv:2505.02653v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The hierarchical Dirichlet process is the cornerstone of Bayesian nonparametric multilevel models. Its generative model can be described through a set of latent variables, commonly referred to as tables within the popular restaurant franchise metaphor. The latent tables simplify the expression of the posterior and allow for the implementation of Gibbs sampling algorithms to approximately draw posterior samples. However, managing their assignments can become computationally expensive, especially as the size of the dataset and the number of levels increase. In this work, we identify a prior for the concentration parameter of the hierarchical Dirichlet process that (i) induces a quasi-conjugate posterior distribution, and (ii) removes the need for tables, leading to more interpretable expressions for the posterior, with both a scalable and an exact algorithm to sample from it. Remarkably, this construction extends beyond the Dirichlet process, leading to a new framework for defining normalized hierarchical random measures and a new class of algorithms to sample from their posteriors. The key analytical tool is the independence of multivariate increments, that is, their representation as completely random vectors.

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18.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-22

Genetic and Shared Environmental Influences on Cancer Risk and Cross-Cancer Associations in Nordic Twins

Authors:
Harris↗J. R↗Clemmensen↗S. B↗Adami↗H.-O↗Mucci↗L. A↗Kaprio↗Hjelmborg↗J. v. B↗

The relative contributions of genetic and shared environmental influences to cancer risk and cross-cancer associations remain poorly understood. We analyzed data from 222,530 same-sex twins from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden in the Nordic Twin Study of Cancer, including 43,060 incident cancers over a median follow-up of 41.6 years. Using a target trial framework, biometric modeling, and competing-risk adjustment, we estimated familial risk, heritability, and shared environmental contributions across 35 cancer sites. Lifetime cancer risk was 36.5%, increasing to 51.4% in monozygotic (MZ) twins and 45.3% in dizygotic (DZ) twins with an affected co-twin. Overall cancer risk was explained by heritable (28%) and shared environmental (40%) influences. Heritability was highest for prostate (42%), non-melanoma skin (24%), and breast (18%) cancers. Cross-cancer analyses revealed extensive overlap in the genetic and shared environmental factors across sites, consistent with widespread pleiotropy and shared environmental susceptibility. Prostate cancer exhibited the strongest genetic overlap with rectum/anus (12%) and kidney (11%) cancers, whereas co-shared environmental influences were most pronounced for breast-lung (11%), prostate-bladder (11%), and prostate-lung (12%) cancers. These findings show pervasive genetic overlap across cancers at different sites and emphasize the importance of incorporating familial shared environmental exposures into cancer risk prediction and prevention strategies.

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19.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-16

ShipNet: A Geometric Deep Learning Surrogate for Real-Time Ship Hydrodynamics

Authors:
Kirsten Odendaal↗George Drakoulas↗

arXiv:2606.15356v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate prediction of hydrodynamic performance is central to ship design, yet high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics remains prohibitively expensive for large-scale parametric exploration. This motivates the development of data-driven surrogate models that provide rapid approximations to hydrodynamic predictions at substantially reduced cost. We present ShipNet, a geometric deep-learning surrogate that predicts both hull-surface pressure distributions and far-field free-surface wave patterns directly from hull geometry and speed. The network employs a regularized dynamic graph convolutional backbone on hull point clouds, with a multi-head decoder for simultaneous near-body pressure and free-surface elevation outputs. Training data consist of 420 inviscid free-surface simulations generated using a potential-flow panel method for two parent yacht hulls, each parameterized into 70 variants and evaluated at three speeds. ShipNet predicts per-point pressure coefficient and two-dimensional wave elevation map using a composite loss that combines point-wise regression and image-structure terms. On a geometry-held-out test set, ShipNet achieves R^2=0.98 for hull pressure and R^2=0.91 for wave fields. Inference requires approximately 0.15s per case, yielding over a 550x speedup relative to the potential-flow solver on conventional hardware. Limitations include the restricted geometry and speed ranges and the inviscid training data, while future work will extend the model to high-fidelity viscous simulations with physics-informed regularization.

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20.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-19

Vision-Reasoning-Guided Occlusion Removal from Light Fields

Authors:
Mohamed Youssef↗Oliver Bimber↗

Occlusion-robust scene recovery remains a major challenge in computational imaging, particularly in natural environments where dense foreground vegetation severely limits visibility. We propose a vision-reasoning-guided light field occlusion removal framework that combines the visibility recovery capability of light field integration (LFI) with the semantic reasoning capacity of vision-language models (VLMs). Multi-view observations are first integrated via LFI to suppress foreground occlusions and produce an initial visibility-enhanced representation. A VLM is then incorporated as a conditional semantic prior to restore degraded structures and recover fine details, guided by the observed measurements. To improve recovery consistency and reduce hallucination artifacts, we introduce a multi-sample fusion strategy that aggregates multiple generated hypotheses into a unified estimate. Experimental results on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate state-of-the-art performance, achieving the highest average SSIM across four synthetic light field benchmark scenes (4-Syn) and strong generalization across structured and unstructured acquisition settings. These results highlight the effectiveness of combining physical imaging constraints with vision-language reasoning for robust perception under severe occlusion, with applicability to search-and-rescue and exploratory robotic navigation.

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21.
bioRxiv (Bioinfo) 2026-06-22

Drug-Prot: A query system for statistical inference of drug effects and interactions in dynamic proteomic networks

Authors:
Ulmer↗Sun↗Qian↗Aebersold↗Guo↗Buehlmann↗

Understanding drug effects and drug-drug interactions is essential for developing combination therapies. We present Drug-Prot, a computational framework that leverages large-scale perturbation proteomics to quantify causal drug effects, drug-drug interactions, and dynamic protein relationships. Using data from 63 single drugs and 59 drug combinations applied to 18 breast cancer cell lines at 6, 24, and 48 hours, Drug-Prot estimates drug effects on protein expression and reconstructs directed temporal protein dependency networks. The publicly available software enables targeted analyses of user-defined protein sets, substantially reducing the multiple-testing burden. Through an interactive web application, users obtain corrected p-values for single-drug and combination effects, directed temporal dependency networks, and downloadable results without requiring access to the underlying proteomic dataset. As a use case, we apply invariance-regularized Random Forests to triple-negative breast cancer cell lines to identify proteins associated with drug response. Querying these proteins in Drug-Prot reveals drug-specific and interaction effects at the protein-network level, illustrating how the framework links candidate causal protein features to actionable drug combinations.

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22.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-24

Few shot chain-of-thought driven reasoning to prompt LLMs for open ended medical question answering

Authors:
Saeel Sandeep Nachane↗Ojas Gramopadhye↗Prateek Chanda↗Ganesh Ramakrishnan↗Kshitij Sharad Jadhav↗Yatin Nandwani↗Dinesh Raghu↗Sachindra Joshi↗

In this paper, we propose a modified version of the MedQA-USMLE dataset, named MEDQA-OPEN, which contains open-ended medical questions without options to mimic clinical scenarios, along with clinician-approved reasoned answers. Additionally, we implement a prompt driven by Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning, CLINICR, to mirror the prospective process of incremental reasoning, reaching a correct response to medical questions. We empirically demonstrate how CLINICR outperforms the state-of-the-art 5-shot CoT-based prompt (Liévin et al., 2022). We also present an approach that mirrors real-life clinical practice by first exploring multiple differential diagnoses through MCQ-CLINICR and subsequently narrowing down to a final diagnosis using MCQ-ELIMINATIVE. Finally, emphasizing the importance of response verification in medical settings, we utilize a reward model mechanism, replacing the elimination process performed by MCQ-ELIMINATIVE.

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23.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-19

Wisdom of Committee: Diverse Distillation from Large Foundation Models and Domain Experts

Authors:
Zichang Liu↗Qingyun Liu↗Yuening Li↗Liang Liu↗Anshumali Shrivastava↗Shuchao Bi↗Lichan Hong↗Ed H. Chi↗Zhe Zhao↗

arXiv:2402.14035v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Knowledge distillation from foundation models to compact domain models is challenging due to substantial gaps in capacity, architecture, and modality. For example, in our experiments, distilling from a 76M-parameter language model to a 2M-parameter recommender closes less than 40% of the performance gap between the undistilled student and the teacher. We show that introducing domain-specific experts – which share the student's architectural characteristics – alongside the foundation model as a diverse teacher committee significantly improves transfer. However, standard multi-teacher methods fail to exploit this diversity: naively combining heterogeneous teachers can degrade performance below single-teacher distillation. To address this, we propose DiverseDistill, an interactive distillation framework that employs a learnable Question-Answer mechanism to generate teacher-conditioned queries and align heterogeneous teacher outputs into the student's representation space. Unlike methods requiring gradient-based co-optimization or architectural modification of teachers, DiverseDistill operates with frozen teachers using only forward-pass inference through their intermediate layers: no parameter updates, no co-training, and no architectural surgery. A dynamic teacher importance mechanism further reduces training cost by filtering low-relevance teachers per sample (e.g., ~30% fewer forward passes with no quality loss for recommendation tasks), while the entire Distillation Module is discarded after training, adding zero inference overhead. Evaluations on recommendation (38x compression) and vision (3.6x compression) tasks demonstrate that DiverseDistill recovers 73-114% of the teacher-student performance gap, consistently outperforming all single- and multi-teacher baselines.

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24.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16

A Practical Evaluation Method for Long-Form Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation

Authors:
Yulin Xue↗Siqi Ouyang↗Lei Li↗

Simultaneous speech-to-speech translation (SimulS2ST) enables real-time cross-lingual communication, but existing evaluation has focused largely on short or pre-segmented speech rather than long-form, continuous input. Prior approaches are difficult to reproduce and make assumptions that do not hold for end-to-end systems. We present a practical evaluation method for long-form SimulS2ST. Given source speech, pre-segmented source transcripts, and reference translations, we run automatic speech recognition (ASR) and forced alignment on the generated target speech to recover token-level timestamps, then apply a sentence-embedding-based aligner to match the target text to its corresponding source sentences. This enables sentence-level computation of latency and quality metrics, including YAAL and xCOMET, which are then aggregated into final system-level scores. Experiments on representative SimulS2ST systems show that the method is effective in practice and reveal that current systems suffer from substantial latency accumulation on long speech.

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25.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-24

Offline Reinforcement Learning for Warehouse SLAM Throughput Control

Authors:
Tina Dongxu Li↗Mouhacine Benosman↗Rajat Kumar↗Kevin Tan↗Ken Meszaros↗Trevor Dardik↗

arXiv:2606.23978v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present an offline reinforcement learning (RL) framework for optimizing SLAM throughput control in a warehouse fulfillment environment. SLAM (Scan/Label/Apply/Manifest) throughput directly influences system congestion and operational efficiency. Our RL-based control approach dynamically recommends SLAM throughput settings that adaptively balance throughput maximization with downstream stability through intelligent adjustment of throttling behavior. We include a history-informed state representation, action space abstraction for delayed-impact control, and a reward function that captures both upstream and downstream operational metrics. Our approach is algorithm-agnostic, enabling integration of multiple offline RL methods under a unified architecture. We instantiate our framework with three state-of-the-art offline RL algorithms, and trained the models offline using de-identified historical operational logs from a large-scale warehouse. Policy performance is evaluated using a comprehensive multi-method strategy. These include model-free approaches including immediate reward estimation via regression models and long-horizon Fitted Q Evaluation (FQE), as well as model-based Deep Koopman dynamics evaluation. Empirical results reveal that the CQL policy consistently outperforms alternatives, improving system health by 22.97% and reducing average throttling duration by 3.18%. These findings demonstrate the potential of offline RL for safe and scalable warehouse throughput control optimization.

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