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01.
arXiv (math.PR) 2026-06-16

Mean-field BSDEs with non-Lipschitz coefficients and double mean reflections

Authors:
Hanwu Li↗Jin Shi↗

arXiv:2510.11228v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The present paper is devoted to the study of mean-field backward stochastic differential equations (MFBSDEs) with double mean reflections whose generators are not Lipschitz continuous. With the help of the Skorokhod problem and some a priori estimates for MFBSDEs, we establish the existence and uniqueness results for doubly mean reflected MFBSDEs.

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02.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-15

Characterizing Cultural Localization in AI-Generated Stories

Authors:
Shaily Bhatt↗Supriti Vijay↗Jeremiah Milbauer↗Fernando Diaz↗

The global use of artificial intelligence has increased interest in assessing the ability to generate culturally localized content, including stories. Cultural localization in stories often occurs through either templated localization – the use of cultural markers (e.g., names, locations) in a generic narrative – or holistic localization – the variation of plots, values, and themes, in addition to cultural markers. We propose a method to measure the degree to which content was generated through templated localization. Specifically, we identify the lexical tokens that distinguish stories across nationalities and measure the similarity of the narratives that remain after removing them. In stories generated by five models on 125 topics for 193 nationalities, our method is able to detect that only a small subset (9-17%) of the vocabulary accounts for the variation across nationalities and that the narratives that remain after removing them contain repeated multi-word sequences, suggesting the presence of a shared culturally-agnostic narrative template. Finally, we characterize the cultural markers for their stereotypicality and offensiveness, finding that markers from 19 countries, mostly located in the Global South, are on average offensive.

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03.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16

Gen-VCoT: Generative Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning via Diffusion-Based RGB Intermediate Representations

Authors:
Zhiqiang Zhou↗Junliang Dai↗Xu ling↗

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel at visual reasoning but rely on text-based chain-of-thought (CoT), lacking interpretable visual intermediates. Existing methods use opaque tokens or external tools, missing key properties. We propose Gen-VCoT, a framework using expert vision models to generate RGB images as reasoning intermediates. It has three stages: visual grounding (SAM segmentation), geometric reasoning (Marigold depth maps), and semantic reasoning (Qwen2-VL integration). An adaptive router selects reasoning depth. Evaluations show Gen-VCoT improves spatial (25% better) and depth (50% better) questions, but may hurt simple factual queries. Text CoT outperforms visual intermediates on CLEVR (91.2% vs 62.5%), showing task-dependent optimal representations. Gen-VCoT establishes a new paradigm for interpretable multimodal reasoning.

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04.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-19

Insulin4RL: Real-Time Insulin Management in the Intensive Care Unit for Offline Reinforcement Learning

Authors:
Thomas Frost↗Steve Harris↗

arXiv:2606.19481v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Offline reinforcement learning (ORL) offers the potential to improve the quality of clinical decision-making using historical electronic health record (EHR) data. Current training and evaluative practices in this field rely heavily on EHR datasets that have been temporally discretised into fixed, regular time intervals. Discretisation creates fictional representations of complex clinical scenarios and compromises the generalisability of retrospective model evaluations. In this paper, we introduce Insulin4RL, a healthcare ORL dataset featuring naturally irregular inputs and actions from real clinical trajectories. Derived from MIMIC-IV, Insulin4RL comprises over 375,000 labelled decisions across 12,209 patients requiring insulin infusion titration in the Intensive Care Unit. The dataset can thus be used for research into ORL model performance under realistic clinical sampling assumptions. We provide a description of the dataset's structure and characteristics, baseline performance metrics using model-free offline reinforcement learning, and a standardised evaluation protocol using fitted Q-evaluation. We conclude with suggested areas for future research that could be addressed using this resource.

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05.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-11

Frozen Multimodal Embeddings for Personality and Cognitive Ability Assessment in Asynchronous Video Interviews

Authors:
Kuo-En Hung↗Hung-Yue Suen↗Shih-Ching Yeh↗Hsiang-Wen Wang↗

Predicting psychological traits from asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) is a challenging multimodal learning problem because labeled datasets are limited while each response contains high-dimensional visual, acoustic, and verbal signals. This paper presents our solution for the ACM Multimedia AVI Challenge 2026, which evaluates two tasks: Track~1 predicts self-reported HEXACO personality traits from personality-related interview responses, and Track~2 classifies cognitive ability levels from structured AVI responses. We treat the problem as a small-sample representation learning task. Instead of fine-tuning large pretrained models, we use frozen multimodal encoders, including CLIP for visual features, Whisper for acoustic features and transcripts, and RoBERTa, E5, and DeBERTaV3 for textual representations, followed by low-capacity downstream models. For Track~1, our trait-specific regression and late-fusion system achieves an average validation MSE of 0.2696, improving over the official baseline of 0.3334. Ablation results show a three-step improvement from a global model (0.3189), to per-trait modeling (0.2871), to per-trait late fusion (0.2696), corresponding to a 19.1\% relative MSE reduction over the official baseline. For Track~2, a compact subject-attribute baseline reaches 0.5781 accuracy, while our multimodal ensemble reaches 0.5313, both above the official baseline of 0.4062. We interpret this result as evidence of possible subject-attribute shortcuts in the validation split rather than robust cognitive inference from AVI content. Overall, our findings suggest that AVI-based psychological assessment benefits from trait-specific multimodal modeling, but cognitive ability prediction requires careful control of dataset shortcuts.

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06.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-24

Adaptive Machine Learning Framework for UAV Trajectory Optimization in O-RAN

Authors:
Chenrui Sun↗Swarna Bindu Chetty↗Gianluca Fontanesi↗Mahnaz Arvaneh↗Walid Saad↗Hamed Ahmadi↗

arXiv:2606.24483v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as open radio units (O-RUs) in 6G cellular systems presents a promising opportunity to achieve scalable and adaptive network coverage. However, optimizing UAV trajectories in dynamic and unfamiliar environments remains a critical challenge, particularly due to the need for extensive retraining in each new scenario. In this paper, we introduce a novel UAV trajectory optimization framework that integrates enhanced continual transfer learning within the O-RAN architecture. The proposed system maintains a library of pre-trained models and employs a model selection mechanism to identify and transfer knowledge from the most relevant environments, minimizing adaptation time and improving efficiency. When no sufficiently similar model is available, a fallback model empowered by continuous refinements ensures baseline performance. The framework leverages real-world city maps and ray tracing techniques to enhance learning reliability and improve trajectory planning. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model selection-based transfer learning approach reduces convergence time by 44% to 56% compared to retraining from scratch, and up to 40% compared to traditional transfer learning without model selection.

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07.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-22

Population-Scale, Genotype-First Characterization of Monogenic Diabetes in 374,973 Multi-Ancestry Individuals from the All of Us Research Program

Authors:
Hasebe↗Yoshiji↗

OBJECTIVE To characterize the prevalence and penetrance of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in a multi-ancestry population using a genotype-first design. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed whole-genome sequencing and clinical data from 374,973 unrelated All of Us participants (42.0% non-European ancestry). We identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in 10 established MODY genes and assessed carrier prevalence, diabetes penetrance, and glycemic profiles. We evaluated age-dependent diabetes risk by comparing carriers with non-carriers stratified by type 2 diabetes polygenic risk score (T2D PRS). RESULTS We identified 370 carriers of P/LP MODY gene variants (0.099%; 1 in 1,013), with similar carrier prevalence among European- and African-ancestry participants (0.105% in both groups). Diabetes penetrance was incomplete (13.4% by age 40; 43.5% by age 60) and varied by etiology: highest for GCK (56.0% by age 60), intermediate for HNF genes (HNF1A/HNF1B/HNF4A; 45.4%), and lowest for non-GCK/HNF genes (ABCC8/INS/KCNJ11/NEUROD1/PDX1/RFX6; 29.0%). In multivariable Cox models using non-carriers in the middle 80% of the T2D PRS as the reference, non-GCK/HNF gene variant carriers had modestly increased diabetes risk (HR, 1.57), similar to non-carriers in the top 10% of T2D PRS (HR, 1.64). These associations were observed in both European- and non-European-ancestry individuals. HbA1c profiles differed by etiology, with stable mild hyperglycemia in GCK variant carriers and greater variability among HNF and non-GCK/HNF gene variant carriers. CONCLUSIONS MODY gene variants showed incomplete, etiology-dependent penetrance across ancestries. Carriers of P/LP variants in lower-penetrance genes had diabetes risk comparable to that of non-carriers with high polygenic susceptibility.

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08.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16

Learn Temporal Consistency For Robust Satellite Video Detector

Authors:
Weilong Guo↗Shengyang Li↗Yanfeng Gu↗

Satellite video object detection (SVOD) for oriented and fine-grained objects plays an important role in satellite applications. Most existing SVOD methods only focus on one or a few coarse-grained categories of moving objects and represent objects with horizontal bounding boxes. They have difficulty extracting complete, accurate, and consistent information about objects in whole satellite videos. In this paper, we propose a satellite video object detection framework based on Temporal Consistency Learning (TCL). TCL adeptly detects oriented and fine-grained objects by leveraging the rich temporal contexts within satellite videos. The framework integrates three key modules: temporal and fine-grained feature aggregation (TFA), structure encoding (SE), and temporal consistency constraint (TCC). TFA and TCC modules facilitate consistent representation learning across frames, while the SE module encodes both appearance and structural information for precise fine-grained recognition. Experimental results on the SAT-MTB benchmark dataset demonstrate TCL's superior performance, achieving a new state-of-the-art oriented and fine-grained detection accuracy of 47.7% mAP–a 4.8% improvement over the baseline. Furthermore, our TCL framework readily accommodates existing image-based detectors, leading to enhanced detection accuracies.

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11.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-18

Freeing the Law with LOCUS: A Local Ordinance Corpus for the United States

Authors:
Denis Peskoff↗Joe Barrow↗Christopher Vu↗Diag Davenport↗

Progress in legal AI increasingly depends on access to authoritative legal text at scale. Yet one of the most consequential layers of American law remains largely absent from existing machine-readable corpora: local ordinances. Local codes govern zoning, housing, business licensing, public health, noise, animal control, and many other domains of everyday regulation, but they are fragmented across vendor platforms designed for human browsing rather than bulk research access. We introduce LOCUS - the Local Ordinance Corpus for the United States - a comprehensive corpus and county-harmonized access layer for U.S. municipal and county ordinance codes. The raw corpus, available for release to researchers, represents nearly all publicly available municipal and county ordinance codes. The resulting raw corpus contains codes from 9,239 cities and counties. A smaller county-harmonized LOCUS access layer provides coverage for the largest 2,309 of 3,144 U.S. counties, accounting for a majority of the population. We use OCR to handle the myriad of document formats that have kept the law from being a public resource. We release the corpus with coverage metadata to support reproducibility, downstream legal AI research, and the incremental expansion of machine-readable access to local law. We train a collection of ModernBERT-based classifiers and scorers to facilitate analyzing U.S. local law among several dimensions, such as opacity and paternalism, that have not previously been studied at this scale. LOCUS-v1 and its derivative models are available at: https://huggingface.co/datasets/LocalLaws/LOCUS-v1

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12.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-17

DriveJudge: Rethinking Autonomous Driving Evaluation with Vision-Language Models

Authors:
Xinglong Sun↗Kevin Xie↗Jenny Schmalfuss↗Despoina Paschalidou↗Xiuming Zhang↗Sanja Fidler↗Kashyap Chitta↗Jose M. Alvarez↗

Autonomous driving has shifted towards end-to-end policy learning, where reliable, interpretable policy evaluation is a fundamental challenge as driving quality is highly context-dependent. Commonly used rule-based driving metrics like EPDMS are interpretable but lack context-awareness, while recent VLMbased evaluations are context-aware but limited by ambiguous VLM outputs and weak physical grounding. To evaluate driving in a manner that is both interpretable and context-aware, we introduce DriveJudge. DriveJudge is a driving evaluation agent that combines rule-grounded evaluation with Vision-Language Model (VLM) reasoning and selectively invokes physically-grounded deterministic rule functions after interpreting the environmental context. To train and evaluate DriveJudge, we curate a large-scale dataset of 33,577 challenging driving samples with human annotations on whether the driving behavior is reasonable in the given scenario. With this dataset, we address the underexplored problem of driving metric evaluation, and introduce two human-aligned benchmark tasks: Driving Quality Classification and Trajectory Preference Selection. DriveJudge outperforms EPDMS for driving quality classification by 21.23 AUC, and the recent VLM-based DriveCritic for trajectory preference selection by 6.5%, setting a new standard for interpretable and precise driving evaluation.

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13.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-25

A phase-space approach for performing continuous-variable quantum teleportation with a non-Gaussian resource

Authors:
Ankita↗Arpita Chatterjee↗

arXiv:2606.25471v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present a comprehensive phase-space analysis of continuous-variable quantum teleportation employing a photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed Fock state (PS-TMSFS) as an entangled resource. We investigate the usefulness of PS-TMSFS within the Braunstein-Kimble teleportation protocol. We explain the generation scheme for the resource state and derive the analytical expression for the success probability associated with the photon-subtraction process. The Wigner characteristic function of PS-TMSFS is calculated and then employed to determine the fidelity for coherent and squeezed state inputs. The dependence of the success probability and teleportation fidelity on the squeezing parameter and beam-splitter transmissivity is analyzed in detail for both symmetric and asymmetric photon-subtraction scenarios. We find that the teleportation fidelity exhibits a strong dependence on the resource parameters and is highly sensitive to variations in the subtraction process. The photon-subtraction process modifies the non-Gaussianity of the resource state, but no substantial enhancement of the teleportation fidelity is detected. Despite the non-Gaussian character of the resource state, fidelity above the classical coherent-state benchmark is observed only for the symmetric $(1,1) $ photon-subtraction configuration in the low-squeezing regime that decreases with increasing squeezing. The remaining configurations remain below the classical threshold throughout the parameter range considered. These findings indicate that the PS-TMSFS may not be a suitable resource for continuous-variable quantum teleportation and offers insight into the limitations of this class of non-Gaussian states.

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14.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16

Is Your Agent Playing Dead? Deployed LLM Agents Exhibit Constraint-Evasive Fabrication and Thanatosis

Authors:
Andoni Rodr\'iguez↗Alberto Pozanco↗Daniel Borrajo↗

arXiv:2606.14831v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper presents and characterizes a spectrum of previously unreported behaviours we term Constraint-Evasive Fabrication (CEF): when an LLM agent operates under irreconcilable constraints (where no response can simultaneously satisfy all active rules) it spontaneously fabricates plausible external obstacles and presents them as a fact. At the extreme end of this spectrum lies Constraint-Evasive Thanatosis (CET); the limit case where, rather than inventing a plausible excuse, the model simulates a full system crash to make the user disengage entirely. We first observed CET in an uncontrolled deployment test, where a GPT-4o banking agent fabricated Python-style exception traces (complete with memory addresses) to feign a system failure when threatened by a user. In subsequent controlled experiments, the model independently invented audit restrictions, microservice architectures, error codes, and service timeouts, none present in its prompt. Reproduction attempts across pressure levels and attacker personas yielded CEF consistently but with substantial variation in form, onset, and severity: the phenomenon is robust but stochastic. Critically, injecting ground-truth data mid-conversation did not restore honest behaviour once fabrication had taken hold (the model ignored correct information and continued confabulating) suggesting CEF is self-reinforcing rather than a knowledge gap. We show that (1) standard enterprise guardrails routinely create CEF-enabling conditions in production, (2) current RLHF procedures suppress but cannot eliminate CEF, and (3) existing safety benchmarks do not test for this failure mode. Our results highlight the need for irreconcilable-constraint benchmarks, CEF-aware training procedures, and deployment-time detection methods before constrained agents become further entrenched in high-stakes domains.

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15.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-12

More efficient Clifford+T synthesis for small-angle rotations and application to Trotterization

Authors:
Marius Bothe↗Christoph S\"underhauf↗Michael J. Witham↗Earl T. Campbell↗Nick S. Blunt↗

arXiv:2605.31544v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Clifford+T synthesis of rotation gates is an important routine in fault-tolerant quantum compilation. While Clifford+T synthesis is scalable, it has a high overhead of tens of T gates per rotation in practice, translating to high resource estimates for many fault-tolerant algorithms. However, these well-known results, including those using probabilistic mixtures [Quantum 7, 1208 (2023)], are independent of the rotation angle $\theta$, requiring $O(\log 1/\delta)$ T gates. We show that it is possible to do much better for small angles, reducing the T cost to $\tilde{O}(\theta^2/\delta)$, and returning to existing $O(\log1/\delta)$ results in the worst case. This is particularly important since many algorithms, such as Trotterization, are dominated by small-angle rotations. Further, we perform a detailed theoretical and numerical study of quasi-probabilities, which can further reduce the total T cost of large circuits by orders of magnitude with only a small overhead in sample complexity. We also develop a scheme based on quasi-probability mixtures of Clifford+T fallback channels. We derive new $\theta$-dependent formulas that can be used for resource estimation of fault-tolerant quantum algorithms. As an application of our results, we show that the gate cost of Trotterization circuits compiled to a Clifford+T gate set is constant in the small Trotter step size limit, and can be reduced by orders of magnitude even for large step sizes. The cost of fault-tolerant Trotterization for a variety of applications should be re-examined in light of these results. Our work dispels the widely-stated claim that Clifford+T rotation synthesis has a high cost independent of $\theta$, and further develops a scalable quasi-probability method for rotation synthesis. We also expect our results to bring forward useful early fault-tolerant quantum computing by reducing required magic state resources.

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16.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-24

CerViX-Net: A Multi-Branch Fusion of Vision Transformer and Convolutional Neural Networks for Cervical Cancer Detection using Cytology Images

Authors:
De↗

Cervical cancer represents a pressing global health challenge, emphasizing the critical need for accurate and timely diagnostic methods to facilitate effective treatment and improve survival rates. In response to this challenge, the study presents CerViX-Net, an innovative classification framework designed to advance cervical cancer detection through enhanced computational efficiency and diagnostic accuracy. The development of CerViX-Net is motivated by the limitations of traditional diagnostic models, particularly in handling the computational and memory demands of large-scale data, while ensuring precise feature extraction and classification. CerViX-Net employs a hybrid deep learning architecture that combines the capabilities of ResNet50, EfficientNet-B0, and a Modified Vision Transformer (ViT) module. The ResNet50 branch extracts hierarchical features through stacked convolutional and identity blocks. In another path, the modified ViT module transforms image patches via linear projection, augments them with positional and class embeddings, and processes them using Parallel Transformer Encoder layers to model contextual relationships. Concurrently, EfficientNet-B0 utilizes MBConv blocks to extract multi-scale representations. The feature outputs from all three branches are integrated and passed through a classification head consisting of dropout layers and dense layers to ensure robust and accurate predictions. The proposed framework is rigorously evaluated on the Mendeley LBC dataset, achieving exceptional performance metrics with an accuracy of 99.69%, precision of 99.28%, recall of 99.48%, and an F1-score of 99.52%. The robustness of CerViX-Net is further validated on the SIPaKMeD and Herlev Pap Smear datasets, where it demonstrates comparable excellence, underscoring its efficacy and adaptability across diverse cytology datasets. Statistical validation using Friedman's test further reinforces its superiority over competing methods.

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17.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-11

MedVeriSeg: Teaching LISA-Like Medical Segmentation Models to Verify Query Validity Without Extra Training

Authors:
Qinyue Tong↗Xiaozhen Wang↗Ziqian Lu↗Jun Liu↗Yunlong Yu↗Zheming Lu↗

Despite recent progress in text-prompt-based medical image segmentation, existing LISA-like MLLM-based methods typically generate masks regardless of whether the target specified in the query is present, leading to hallucinated segmentation. In this work, we propose MedVeriSeg, a training-free query verification framework that enables LISA-like medical segmentation models to reject false segmentation queries. MedVeriSeg first quantifies the response quality between the [SEG] token and image features through a Similarity Response Quality Scoring Module. To further improve robustness, it employs a Lightweight Routed Multi-Agent Verification Module, which fuses quantitative score evidence with qualitative agent evidence to comprehensively verify the validity of the query. To support systematic evaluation, we construct MedVeriSeg-Bench, a benchmark designed for query verification in medical image segmentation. Experimental results demonstrate that MedVeriSeg effectively identifies false segmentation queries and reduces hallucinated segmentation, while maintaining a high acceptance rate for valid queries, thereby largely preserving the segmentation utility of LISA-like medical segmentation models.

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18.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16

MoECa: Aligning Feature Reuse with Expert Decomposition in Diffusion Transformers

Authors:
Maoliang Li↗Haojing Chen↗Jiayu Chen↗Zihao Zheng↗Xinhao Sun↗Hailong Zou↗Xiang Chen↗

Diffusion Transformers with Mixture-of-Experts (DiT-MoE) improve model capacity under sparse activation, but diffusion inference is still bottlenecked by redundant computation across timesteps. Existing caching methods mainly operate at the token level, which becomes suboptimal in DiT-MoE because each token update is internally decomposed into multiple routed expert branches. Our analysis shows that cross-timestep redundancy in DiT-MoE is better characterized at the expert-branch level than at the whole-token level. Based on this observation, we propose MoECa, a fine-grained caching framework that performs branch-level feature reuse across timesteps. MoECa further introduces expert-aware adaptive control and synchronized cache updates across MoE and attention paths to maintain stable intermediate states. Experiments on multiple DiT-MoE models show that MoECa consistently achieves a better speed-quality trade-off than prior caching methods, with up to 2.83$\times$ inference speedup and minimal quality degradation.

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19.
PLOS Computational Biology 2026-06-22

GrassSV – hybrid method to detect structural variants in high throughput DNA-seq data

Authors:
Dominik Witczak↗

by Dominik Witczak, Krzysztof Sychla, Julia Wysocka, Artur Laskowski, Wojciech Frohmberg, Marta Glowacka, Alicja Dzik, Piotr Lukasiak, Jacek Blazewicz, Aleksandra Swiercz Genetic diversity is crucial for populations to adapt and survive in dynamic environments. This diversity arises from genetic mutations, which manifest in the genome as structural variants (SVs). Several types of SVs exist, but not all are equally easy to detect. Current SV detection tools tend to specialize in certain SV types or require the use of multiple tools to obtain a comprehensive variant profile, which increases computational cost and complexity. While some methods excel at identifying breakpoints, they often struggle with accurately classifying variant types, and their precision depends strongly on data quality and sequencing technology. At present, the majority of available genomic data originates from high-quality short reads, which remain the most affordable sequencing technology. In this manuscript, we introduce GrassSV, a novel and computationally efficient method that employs a hybrid pattern-matching approach to detect all major classes of structural variants using short-read sequencing data. GrassSV integrates depth-of-coverage analysis with contig-based pattern recognition to ensure both sensitivity and precision while minimizing false positives and runtime. Its robustness was demonstrated on the human Genome in a Bottle dataset, as well as on synthetic data derived from the yeast genome, where it achieved high accuracy across all SV types at a lower computational cost compared to existing methods. This makes GrassSV a practical alternative to multi-tool pipelines typically required for comprehensive SV detection. GrassSV is available at https://github.com/Domomod/GrassSV under GPL-3.0 license and the benchmark at: https://github.com/Domomod/GrassBenchmark.

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20.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-25

Rapid and robust laser-frequency auto-locking using Bayesian-optimization and discrete-wavelet-transformation algorithms

Authors:
Min Jiang↗Xiao-Li Chen↗Si-Bin Lu↗Jia-Hao Fu↗Zhan-Wei Yao↗Shao-Kang Li↗Min Ke↗San-Ming Song↗Run-Bing Li↗Jin Wang↗Ming-Sheng Zhan↗

arXiv:2606.25267v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Rapid and robust laser-frequency auto-locking is essential for the field deployment of quantum communications, quantum computing, and precision-measurement technologies; however, achieving this remains a considerable challenge. Here, we propose and demonstrate an auto-locking scheme employing Bayesian optimization and discrete biorthogonal wavelet transformation. First, the reference is rapidly sought by making intelligent use of historical observations, eliminating the inherent blindness of the traditional parameter-scanning method. Second, the frequency reference is robustly identified by pinpointing transition signals with the discrete biorthogonal wavelet transformation and analyzing their immutable frequency differences and relative magnitudes, which are determined by the inherent atomic structure and remain resistant to environmental disturbances. This proposed approach achieves a fivefold acceleration in reference searching compared to conventional scanning methods in the case where the laser frequency drifts far away from the reference. Crucially, it achieves an identification accuracy of more than 99.5 %, even under severe 50 % laser-intensity fluctuations, $9.95^\circ$ photodiode misalignment, and $18^\circ$C Rb cell temperature elevation. Finally, locking the laser frequency to the identified reference with a lead zirconate titanate-current double-servo loop narrows the linewidth to 20 kHz. We believe that this rapid, robust, and high-performance auto-locking technique will be pivotal towards the deployment of the next generation of practical quantum technologies in demanding field environments.

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21.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-18

Quantum Annealing Enhanced Reinforcement Learning for Accurate Remaining Useful Lifetime Prediction

Authors:
Manoranjan Gandhudi↗Arunkumar V↗G. R. Anil↗Gangadharan G. R↗

arXiv:2606.18503v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Remaining useful life (RUL) estimation is central to predictive maintenance, where an unplanned failure can cost far more than the asset itself. Statistical degradation models miss the strong nonlinearity of real systems, and data-driven models often converge to suboptimal solutions in high-dimensional, non-convex search spaces. We propose a Quantum Annealing enhanced Q-Learning (QAQL) framework that couples the sampling behaviour of quantum annealing with the sequential decision making of Q-learning. Each Q-value update is encoded as a small quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) whose ground state is the greedy action; rather than acting as a deterministic optimizer, the annealer returns a distribution over near-optimal actions across many reads, and this stochastic action selection supplies the exploration that curbs premature convergence on nonlinear degradation trajectories. The QUBO is solved on the D-Wave Advantage system using minor embedding, with the annealer woven into the reinforcement-learning loop rather than bolted on after training. We validate QAQL on two public benchmarks: the NASA C-MAPSS turbofan engine datasets and a device-fleet predictive maintenance dataset. Averaged over many independent runs and across six error metrics, QAQL outperforms the classical and quantum baselines considered in this study, with statistically significant improvements. The results indicate that quantum annealing is a usable, not merely theoretical, optimizer inside a reinforcement-learning loop for industrial predictive-maintenance applications.

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22.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-17

Generalization Guarantees for Multi-Input Neural Operator Learning in Sobolev Spaces

Authors:
Yahong Yang↗Zecheng Zhang↗Wei Zhu↗Wenjing Liao↗Hao Liu↗

arXiv:2606.17419v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We develop approximation and generalization error estimates for multi-input neural operators, with the output error measured in Sobolev norms. In contrast to standard operator-learning settings with a single input function, our framework allows multiple input functions defined on possibly different domains, with different dimensions and Sobolev regularities. The derived rates explicitly quantify the contribution of each input space to the final error bound. In particular, in the balanced regime, the approximation and generalization rates are governed by the interaction between the input dimensions, regularities, and Sobolev orders, while the dependence on the model complexity retains a \(\log\log/\log\)-type structure. Our analysis provides a general theoretical framework for multi-input operator learning, including Sobolev training, and is applicable to operator learning problems arising from partial differential equations and scientific computing.

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23.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-11

Weakly Supervised Segmentation as Semantic-Based Regularization

Authors:
Stefano Colamonaco↗Andrei-Bogdan Florea↗Jaron Maene↗

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) trains dense pixel-level segmentation models from partial or coarse annotations such as bounding boxes, scribbles, or image-level tags. While recent work leverages foundation models such as the Segment Anything Model (SAM) to generate pseudo-labels, these approaches typically depend on heuristic prompt choices and offer limited ways to incorporate prior knowledge or heterogeneous labels. We address this gap by taking a neurosymbolic perspective: integrating differentiable fuzzy logic with deep segmentation models. Weak annotations and domain-specific priors are unified as continuous logical constraints that fine-tune SAM under weak supervision. The refined foundation model then produces improved pseudo-labels, from which we train a second-stage prompt-free segmentation model. Experiments on Pascal VOC 2012 and the REFUGE2 optic disc/cup segmentation dataset show that our logic-guided fine-tuning yields higher-quality pseudo-labels, leading to state-of-the-art segmentation accuracy that often exceeds densely supervised baselines.

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24.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-19

Indexed Bellman Information Complexity

Authors:
Yunbei Xu↗

arXiv:2606.11171v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We develop indexed Bellman information complexity, a representation-level theory of interactive decision making centered on information indices and reference histories. The representation strips away problem-specific syntax and retains only the ingredients needed for dynamic programming and information accounting, thereby unifying the earlier framework of indexed algorithmic information ratios (AIR). On the upper-bound side, regret is controlled by Bellman supersolutions or potential identities whose gradient bracket is paid for by indexed information. Upper-confidence-bound (UCB), estimation-to-decision/decision-estimation-coefficient (E2D/DEC), and adaptive-minimax-sampling or exploration-by-optimization (AMS/EBO) methods appear as three relaxations of this same identity. On the lower-bound side, the posterior-reference trajectory supplies both the information telescope and the ghost quantile of small-regret trajectories. The resulting critical radius in the lower bound is an effective-dimension-scale quantity, as in Fano and local-prior-mass lower bounds, rather than the constant radius of a two-point Le Cam argument. The examples show that DEC is best viewed as a one-step relaxation of indexed Bellman information complexity, not as a universally tight conversion mechanism. We illustrate the framework through several applications, with particular emphasis on kernel bandits. In this setting, the active action marginal provides a concrete basis for comparing UCB, E2D, and AMS/EBO.

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25.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-16

DreamX-World 1.0: A General-Purpose Interactive World Model

Authors:
DreamX Team↗Yancheng Bai↗Rui Chen↗Xiangxiang Chu↗Rujing Dang↗Hao Dou↗Bingjie Gao↗Qiwen Gu↗Siyu Hong↗Jiachen Lei↗Geng Li↗Jifan Li↗…

DreamX-World 1.0 is a general-purpose interactive text/image-to-video world model for controllable long-horizon generation. It supports camera navigation, revisits to previously observed regions, and promptable events across photorealistic, game-style, and stylized domains. Our data engine combines camera-accurate Unreal Engine rendering, action-rich gameplay recordings, and real-world videos with recovered camera geometry. For camera control, we introduce E-PRoPE, a lightweight variant of projective positional encoding that retains PRoPE's projective camera geometry while applying camera-aware attention to spatially reduced tokens. We convert a bidirectional video generator into a few-step autoregressive world model using causal forcing, DMD-style distillation, and long-rollout training. Training on self-generated long-horizon contexts exposes the model to its own generated history and reduces the style and color drift that accumulates across autoregressive chunks. Memory-Conditioned Scene Persistence retrieves earlier views through camera-geometry-based retrieval, while residual recycling makes the conditioning path less sensitive to imperfect memory latents. Event Instruction Tuning adds composable event control, and reinforcement learning alignment recovers camera control and visual quality after distillation. With mixed-precision DiT execution, residual reuse, 75\%-pruned VAE decoding, and asynchronous pipeline parallelism, DreamX-World 1.0 reaches up to 16\,FPS on eight RTX\,5090 GPUs. On our 5-second basic evaluation, DreamX-World 1.0 achieves a camera-control score of 73.75 and an overall score of 84.76, outperforming HY-WorldPlay 1.5 and LingBot-World in overall score, which achieve 80.79 and 80.45, respectively.

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