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01.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-12

ComAct: Reframing Professional Software Manipulation via COM-as-Action Paradigm

作者:
Jiaxin Ai↗Tao Hu↗Xuemeng Yang↗Shu Zou↗Hairong Zhang↗Daocheng Fu↗Yu Yang↗Hongbin Zhou↗Nianchen Deng↗Pinlong Cai↗Zhongyuan Wang↗Botian Shi↗…

Existing computer-use agents remain fundamentally limited in professional software manipulation: GUI-based agents suffer from fragile visual grounding and long-horizon error accumulation, while API-basedapproaches struggle with heterogeneous protocols and inaccessible commercial interfaces. In this work,we identify the Component Object Model (COM) as a unified executable abstraction, proposing COM-as-Action: a new paradigm that reframes professional software interaction as deterministic program synthesisrather than sequential visual control. To validate this paradigm in the most demanding environments, weintroduce ComCADBench, the first benchmark for agents operating real industrial CAD software. Ourexperiments reveal a substantial paradigm gap: frontier proprietary models achieve near-zero successunder GUI-based interaction, whereas COM-based execution yields substantial immediate gains. Tobridge the remaining gap between syntactic correctness and geometric accuracy, we develop ComActor, aself-correcting agent trained through a progressive three-stage framework, alongside ComForge, a scalableplatform for large-scale training in Windows containers. Extensive experiments show that ComActorachieves state-of-the-art performance on ComCADBench, with strong resilience in long-horizon taskswhere baselines collapse, and generalizes to external CAD benchmark.

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02.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25

A Leakage-Aware Comparative Benchmark of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Transformer Models for Reliable Leukemia Detection

作者:
Nisreen Albzour↗

Automated classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from peripheral blood smear images has often reported near-perfect performance on the C-NMC 2019 dataset. We show that such results can be inflated by patient-level data leakage caused by random image-level partitioning, where cells from the same subject may appear in both training and test folds. We establish a leakage-aware benchmark under a strict subject-disjoint protocol, comparing LightGBM, RBF-SVM, EfficientNet-B0, EfficientNet-B1, and ViT-Tiny. Models are developed using three subject-disjoint folds from 73 subjects and evaluated on an external preliminary-phase test set of 1,867 images from 28 unseen subjects with zero patient overlap. Beyond discrimination, we assess calibration using expected calibration error, Brier score, and temperature scaling. Under honest evaluation, EfficientNet-B1 achieves the best performance, with AUROC 0.913, sensitivity 0.87, specificity 0.80, and calibrated ECE 0.024. Frozen-feature classifiers and ViT-Tiny show high sensitivity but poor specificity, indicating a tendency to over-predict the malignant class. A random-versus-subject-disjoint ablation shows that random splitting inflates AUROC by about 0.04 even in the conservative frozen-feature setting. These findings caution against image-level evaluation on C-NMC 2019 and provide a reproducible, calibration-aware benchmark for future work.

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03.
bioRxiv (Bioinfo) 2026-06-17

DNA-binding specificity recognition from predicted homologous protein-DNA structures

作者:
Zeng↗Zou↗Li↗Liu↗Xu↗Wang↗Peng↗

Predicting protein DNA-binding specificity is essential for understanding gene regulation and disease mechanisms. Existing deep learning methods typically infer specificity from a single protein-DNA complex structure, which limits their ability to capture the diverse geometric patterns underlying protein-DNA recognition. Homologous protein-DNA interfaces provide complementary structural evidence and richer geometric features related to interatomic interactions. To address the limited diversity and coverage of experimentally determined complexes, we constructed a large-scale library of predicted homologous protein-DNA complex structures. Building on this resource, we propose HomoDSP, a template-retrieval-based framework for accurate DNA-binding specificity prediction. Benchmark evaluations and validation on newly released JASPAR 2026 samples indicate that HomoDSP outperforms existing methods in both accuracy and generalization, with particularly substantial gains on high-error samples. Moreover, this performance is largely retained when AlphaFold3-predicted complex structures are used as input. Template- and residue-level interpretability analyses suggest that HomoDSP improves prediction by focusing on DNA-affinity residues across multiple homologous templates. Finally, universal Protein Binding Microarrays evaluations on AI-designed DNA-binding proteins show that HomoDSP rescues a baseline failure mode in which the baseline method produces incorrect predictions because of training-set bias. Together, these results support the use of homologous template interfaces as informative structural priors for decoding protein DNA-binding specificity.

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04.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-15

Listening with Attention: Entropy-Guided Explainability for Transformer-Based Audio Models

作者:
Ravi Ranjan↗Utkarsh Grover↗Xiaomin Lin↗Agoritsa Polyzou↗

arXiv:2606.14647v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Transformer-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) models such as Whisper are highly accurate, but their predictions remain difficult to interpret. Existing explainable AI (XAI) methods often lack faithfulness and precise temporal grounding. We propose Listening with Entropy-guided Attention for Faithful explainability (LEAF-X), a model-intrinsic XAI framework for transformer-based ASR. LEAF-X combines entropy-guided attention weighting, multi-layer attention rollout, and optional causal ablations to identify low-entropy, high-impact heads and layers, producing sparse token-to-frame attributions. Unlike perturbation-based explainers or raw attention maps, LEAF-X exploits the internal structure of encoder-decoder and speech-augmented decoder-only models to generate explanations that better reflect model computation. Results show 32% improved faithfulness, 35-39% stronger locality/sparsity, and the most stable attributions, supporting more transparent and auditable ASR.

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05.
medRxiv (Medicine) 2026-06-17

Sao Tome and Principe on the verge of eliminating lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem: evidence from IDA impact assessment surveys

作者:
Bakajika↗Rosario↗Fernandes↗J. V↗Diawara↗L. S↗Mangala↗J.-P. T↗Kalenga↗Gil↗V. S↗Yumba↗…

Background Accelerated efforts to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) as a public health problem have been supported by the introduction of the triple-drug regimen of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole (IDA) in endemic settings. In Sao Tome and Principe, nationwide mass drug administration (MDA) with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole was implemented in 2018, followed by IDA in 2019 and 2020. This study assesses progress towards elimination using post-MDA impact assessment surveys conducted after cessation of treatment. Methods Cross-sectional surveys were conducted among adults aged 20 years and older in 2022 and again between December 2024 and January 2025. Circulating filarial antigen (CFA) was detected using the filarial test strip (FTS). Individuals who tested positive were examined for microfilaremia using nocturnal calibrated thick blood smear microscopy. Additionally, programme data on MDA coverage and morbidity were obtained from national surveillance records. Results Three rounds of nationwide MDA achieved high epidemiological coverage (86.4% in 2018, 74.2% in 2019 and 80.0% in 2020). The impact assessment surveys conducted in 2022 evaluated 14 132 adults, with 21 individuals (0.15%) testing positive for CFA, while the follow-up survey conducted between December 2024 and January 2025 assessed 14 653 adults and detected seven positive cases (0.05%). No microfilariae were detected among the 28 antigen-positive individuals examined using nocturnal calibrated thick blood smears. National morbidity records documented 190 cases of lymphoedema and nine cases of hydrocoele. Conclusions Infection indicators remain well below WHO decision thresholds, suggesting that LF transmission is unlikely to be sustained. Sao Tome and Principe appears to be close to eliminating LF as a public health problem. However, strengthening morbidity management services will be essential to support the preparation of the national elimination dossier.

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06.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-24

Are LLM Evaluators Really Narcissists? Sanity Checking Self-Preference Evaluations

作者:
Dani Roytburg↗Matthew Bozoukov↗Matthew Nguyen↗Jou Barzdukas↗Mackenzie Puig-Hall↗Narmeen Oozeer↗

Recent research has shown that large language models (LLMs) favor their own outputs when acting as judges, undermining the integrity of automated post-training and evaluation workflows. However, it is difficult to disentangle which behaviors are explained by narcissism versus experimental confounds. Specifically, LLM evaluators may deliver self-preferring verdicts when comparing responses to questions they fail on; these verdicts may not depend on the identity of the author, but on evaluator quality. We correct this by directly comparing the judge's voting distribution in cases where it evaluates itself versus another model. This evaluator quality baseline reveals that only 51% of examples in previous findings retain statistical significance against this null hypothesis, covering 89.6% of total self-preference probability mass. Finally, we compare the entropy of voting distributions, suggesting uncertainty-driven overlap, and show that our procedure enables more careful documentation against the backdrop of judge-bias research.

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07.
arXiv (CS.LG) 2026-06-19

Multi-Modal Contrastive Learning for Implicit Earth Embeddings via Location Tying

作者:
Jonathan Hecht↗Lukas Arzoumanidis↗Ziyue Li↗Youness Dehbi↗

arXiv:2606.20167v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Spatial prediction tasks are often limited by a lack of high-quality labelled ground-truth observations. To overcome this challenge, self-supervised pre-training is a possible solution, with contrastive learning dominant for location encoders. Those approaches usually align geographic coordinates with just one additional modality. We propose two multimodal contrastive learning architectures: Multimodal Embedding via Location Tying (MELT) and Sequential Alternating Location Training (SALT). These architectures expand this framework beyond two modalities by utilising unpaired geospatial data. Both methods are technically viable and match the performance of the strongest two-modality baseline (SATCLIP) across four downstream tasks. However, increasing the number of modalities does not consistently improve performance, suggesting that the chosen location encoder is the main limitation - the contrastive objective reaches its peak early, regardless of modality diversity or pre-training volume. MELT provides more stable training than SALT and presents a stronger foundation for future scaling.

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08.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-19

Finetuning Vision-Language-Action Models Requires Fewer Layers Than You Think

作者:
Gia-Binh Nguyen↗Trong-Bao Ho↗Thien-Loc Ha↗Khoa Vo↗Philip Lund M{\o}ller↗Quang T. Nguyen↗Long Dinh↗Tuan Dam↗Vu Duong↗Tung M. Luu↗Trung Le↗Tran Nguyen Le↗…

arXiv:2606.20246v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models pre-trained on massive video-robot datasets have revolutionized robotic manipulation, yet their multi-billion parameter architectures impose prohibitive computational burdens during downstream fine-tuning and real-time inference. In this work, we reveal a highly non-trivial architectural characteristic of these continuous control foundation policies (e.g., pi_0, GR00T-N1.5): despite being trained on diverse physical trajectories, they exhibit severe layer-wise representational redundancy. To exploit this, we introduce a structural compression pipeline that is entirely training-free, bypassing the need of existing methods to load full-scale models to learn optimized token reductions or dynamic layer selectors. Instead, using only a single forward pass via Centered Kernel Alignment to identify redundant layer features, we remove twin layers to permanently compress the model depth by up to 50% across both the VLM backbone and the continuous control policy head. Downstream fine-tuning of this streamlined architecture yields a dual acceleration benefit: a 40-50% reduction in training time and up to 30% faster real-time inference, while matching or exceeding full-scale base model performance. We comprehensively validate our method across three simulation benchmarks (LIBERO, RoboCasa, SimplerEnv) and 10 diverse real-world manipulation tasks across 4 unique robotic embodiments. These results prove that advanced VLAs require significantly fewer layers than previously assumed, offering a highly compute-efficient paradigm for scalable robot learning.

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09.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-12

Detect, Remask, Repair: Diffusion Editing for Faithful Summarization of Evolving Contexts

作者:
Hao Zou↗Zachary Horvitz↗Chandhru Karthick↗Zhou Yu↗Kathleen McKeown↗

Summaries of real-world events can become outdated as contexts evolve and new information arrives. A common response is to generate a new summary from the updated context, but full regeneration discards the previous draft, can obscure what changed, and may be unnecessary when only a few claims are unsupported. We study localized faithfulness repair: updating outdated spans in an existing summary while preserving supported content. We propose DETECT-REMASK-REPAIR, a diffusion-based framework that identifies, remasks, and repairs outdated regions with masked diffusion language models. To evaluate evolving-context summarization, we introduce StreamSum, a benchmark of synthetic event timelines. Experiments on DialogSum and StreamSum show that localized diffusion repair provides a controllable alternative to full rewriting: faithfulness-steered repair improves early drafts, one-step repair reduces repair cost to under half a second, with the framework enabling faithfulness-speed-preservation tradeoffs across datasets. We also find that the framework can provide a post-hoc correction step that improves faithfulness for autoregressive systems.

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10.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-24

SENTRY: SAM2-Enhanced Neighbor-Aware and Temporally Reasoned Memory for Visual Tracking

作者:
Mohamad Alansari↗Yonathan Michael↗Hasan AlMarzouqi↗Muzammal Naseer↗Naoufel Werghi↗Sajid Javed↗

We revisit the memory update mechanism in SAM2-based visual object tracking and identify confidence-only mask selection as the dominant cause of drift under occlusion, rapid motion, and distractors. We introduce SENTRY, a training-free, plug-and-play, refine-before-write module that validates each memory update for short-horizon temporal consistency before committing it. SENTRY aggregates diverse segmentation hypotheses per frame, backtracks them into short tracklets, and uses neighbor-aware cycle-consistent matching against recent trajectories to favor temporally and geometrically consistent masks. It leaves the base architecture untouched, replacing confidence-driven writes with consistency-validated ones. For fair evaluation, we re-evaluate major open-source SAM2-based trackers across all available scales and datasets, filling gaps in prior reports. Integrated into five strong baselines, SENTRY delivers consistent gains across nine benchmarks, achieving new zero-shot SOTA on LaSOT, LaSOT_ext, GOT-10k, VOT20, VOT22, and DiDi. Despite these checks, the SAM2-L version runs at 32.8 FPS on an A100, and across compatible hosts adds only about 0.4–0.6 GB VRAM. Our results provide the first unified all-scale evaluation of SAM2-based trackers and show that enforcing temporal validity at write time stabilizes memory-augmented tracking without retraining.

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11.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25

Point Cloud Diffusion with Global and Local Reconstruction for Instance-Level 3D Anomaly Detection

作者:
Linchun Wu↗Qin Zou↗Jiwen Lu↗Qingquan Li↗

3D anomaly detection in point clouds is critical for high-precision industrial manufacturing. Reconstruction-based methods have laid a strong foundation by detecting 3D anomalies through comparisons between defective inputs and their reconstructed normal counterparts. However, existing methods still suffer from two challenges: 1) the foreground weak defective regions such as scratches are hard to reconstruct and detect, where the anomaly deviations in normalized point clouds can be as small as $10^{-3}$; 2) the background non-defective regions are prone to get positional bias in reconstruction, which leads to false positives. To address these challenges, we propose PCDiff, a point cloud diffusion framework for instance-level 3D anomaly generation and detection. In the generation phase, an instance-level multi-modal attention is embedded into the generation framework, where anomalies are conditioned with texture gradient, image patch, text and mask. The instance-level condition enables the high-quality generation of weak-defective anomalies. In the detection phase, a joint local-global reconstruction algorithm is introduced to ensure local anomaly restoration and global geometric consistency, which preserves background normal structure while restoring the foreground defect. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed PCDiff significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both 3D anomaly generation fidelity and reconstruction quality, leading to substantial improvements in anomaly detection accuracy.

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12.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16

Latent Thought Flow: Efficient Latent Reasoning in Large Language Models

作者:
Xiandong Zou↗Jing Huang↗Jianshu Li↗Pan Zhou↗

arXiv:2606.16222v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on intermediate reasoning, yet explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) suffers from a linguistic space bottleneck: each thought must be decoded into tokens, causing high inference overhead. Latent reasoning moves deliberation into continuous space, but existing methods mostly learn deterministic or reward-maximizing paths, lacking a principled way to allocate probability across trajectories with different correctness and costs. We propose Latent Thought Flow (LTF), which models reasoning as variable-length continuous trajectories and trains a sampler to match a reward-induced posterior over answer quality and computation cost. We instantiate this with a continuous GFlowNet using stochastic latent transitions. To handle sparse answer supervision, we introduce an Entropy-Weighted Subtrajectory Balance objective for intermediate rewards and a reference-prior regularizer to anchor exploration. Experiments under finetuning and transfer learning settings show that LTF outperforms explicit CoT and latent reasoning baselines, improving accuracy by 9.5% while reducing reasoning length by 27.2% on average compared with strong latent reasoning baselines.

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13.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16

A Unified Definition of Hallucination: It's The World Model, Stupid!

作者:
Emmy Liu↗Varun Gangal↗Chelsea Zou↗Michael Yu↗Xiaoqi Huang↗Alex Chang↗Zhuofu Tao↗Karan Singh↗Sachin Kumar↗Steven Y. Feng↗

Despite numerous attempts at mitigation since the inception of language models, hallucinations remain a persistent problem even in today's frontier LLMs. Why is this? We review existing definitions of hallucination and fold them into a single, unified definition wherein prior definitions are subsumed. We argue that hallucination can be unified by defining it as simply inaccurate (internal) world modeling, in a form where it is observable to the user. For example, stating a fact which contradicts a knowledge base OR producing a summary which contradicts the source. By varying the reference world model and conflict policy, our framework unifies prior definitions. We argue that this unified view is useful because it forces evaluations to clarify their assumed reference "world", distinguishes true hallucinations from planning or reward errors, and provides a common language for comparison across benchmarks and discussion of mitigation strategies. Building on this definition, we also connect our framework to HalluWorld, a complementary benchmark that instantiates fully specified reference world models for stress-testing model hallucinations.

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14.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16

Utility-Diversity Aware Online Batch Selection for LLM Supervised Fine-tuning

作者:
Heming Zou↗Yixiu Mao↗Yun Qu↗Qi Wang↗Xiangyang Ji↗

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a commonly used technique to adapt large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. In practice, SFT on a full dataset is computationally expensive and sometimes suffers from overfitting or bias amplification. This facilitates the rise of data curation in SFT, which prioritizes the most valuable data to optimze. This work studies the online batch selection family that dynamically scores and filters samples during the training process. However, existing popular methods often (i) rely merely on the utility of data to select a subset while neglecting other crucial factors like diversity, (ii) rely on external resources such as reference models or validation sets, and (iii) incur extra training time over full-dataset training. To address these limitations, this work develops UDS (Utility-Diversity Sampling), a framework for efficient online batch selection in SFT. UDS leverages the nuclear norm of the logits matrix to capture both data utility and intra-sample diversity, while estimating inter-sample diversity through efficient low-dimensional embedding comparisons with a lightweight memory buffer of historical samples. Such a design eliminates the need for external resources and unnecessary backpropagation, securing computational efficiency. Experiments on multiple benchmarks demonstrate that UDS consistently outperforms state-of-the-art online batch selection methods under varying data budgets, and significantly reduces training time compared to full-dataset fine-tuning. Code is available at https://github.com/gfyddha/UDS.

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15.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25

State Space Models Meet Remote Sensing: A Survey

作者:
Qinzhe Yang↗Chenyang Liu↗Jia Xu↗Zhenwei Shi↗Zhengxia Zou↗

State Space Models (SSMs), designed for long-range modeling, offer linear computational complexity and strong capabilities in capturing long-range dependencies. In the field of remote sensing, SSMs have gained popularity due to their effectiveness in addressing unique challenges such as dense visual predictions, multi-modal remote sensing data, and temporal remote sensing data, which have also yielded significant advancements in customized architectures. This paper presents a comprehensive review of SSM-based approaches in remote sensing, covering most of the relevant studies since SSMs were first introduced to the field. We offer a multi-dimensional analysis examining SSM applications in remote sensing tasks and discussing advancements in architecture design. This paper not only synthesizes the rapid progress in SSM-based research but also identifies key challenges and future opportunities. By providing a detailed perspective, this paper aims to serve as a foundational resource for remote sensing researchers, offering actionable insights to foster further advancements in this evolving domain. We will keep tracing related works at https://github.com/QinzheYang/Awesome-RS-State-Space-Model.

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16.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-25

MSAVBench: Towards Comprehensive and Reliable Evaluation of Multi-Shot Audio-Video Generation

作者:
Yujie Wei↗Yujin Han↗Zhekai Chen↗Yongming Li↗Kaixun Jiang↗Zhihang Liu↗Quanhao Li↗Zhiwu Qing↗Xiang Wang↗Zhen Xing↗Ruihang Chu↗Lingyi Hong↗…

Video generation is rapidly evolving from single-shot synthesis to complex multi-shot audio-video (MSAV) narratives to meet real-world demands. However, evaluating such frontier models remains a fundamental challenge. Existing benchmarks are limited in scope and data diversity, and rely on rigid evaluation pipelines, preventing systematic and reliable assessment of modern MSAV models. To bridge these gaps, we introduce MSAVBench, the first comprehensive benchmark and adaptive hybrid evaluation framework for multi-shot audio-video generation. Our benchmark spans four key dimensions, video, audio, shot, and reference, covering diverse task settings, varying shot counts of up to 15, and challenging non-realistic scenarios. Our evaluation framework improves robustness through an adaptive self-correction mechanism for shot segmentation, instance-wise rubrics for subjective metrics, and tool-grounded evidence extraction for complex judgments. Furthermore, MSAVBench achieves high alignment with human judgments, reaching a Spearman rank correlation of 91.5%. Our systematic evaluation of 19 state-of-the-art closed- and open-source models shows that current systems still struggle with director-level control and fine-grained audio-visual synchronization, while modular or agentic generation pipelines offer a promising path toward narrowing the gap between open- and closed-source models. The benchmark data and evaluation code are publicly available at https://github.com/ali-vilab/MSAVBench.

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17.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-19

World Engine: Towards the Era of Post-Training for Autonomous Driving

作者:
Tianyu Li↗Li Chen↗Caojun Wang↗Haochen Liu↗Kashyap Chitta↗Zhenjie Yang↗Yuhang Lu↗Naisheng Ye↗Yihang Qiu↗Yufei Wang↗Luoxi Zou↗Jiaxin Peng↗…

Autonomous vehicles must operate safely in the real world, where errors can have severe consequences. Although modern end-to-end driving policies excel in routine scenarios, their reliability is limited by the scarcity of safety-critical ``long-tail'' events in real driving datasets. These rare interactions define the practical safety boundary of the learned policy, yet they are difficult to collect at scale in the real world. Here we show that this fundamental limitation can be addressed by post-training pre-trained driving models on synthesized high-stakes interactions. We introduce World Engine, a generative framework that reconstructs high-fidelity interactive environments from real-world logs and systematically extrapolates them into realistic safety-critical variations. This paradigm enables reinforcement-based post-training to align policies with safety constraints, circumventing the physical risks inherent in real-world exploration. On a public benchmark built on nuPlan, World Engine substantially reduces failures in rare safety-critical scenarios and yields significantly larger gains than scaling pre-training data alone. Furthermore, when deployed on a production-scale autonomous driving system, the resulting policy reduces simulated collisions and demonstrates measurable improvements in on-road testing, showing that post-training on synthesized, safety-critical interactions offers a scalable and effective pathway to safer autonomous driving. The full codebase suite, including training, is released to the public.

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18.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-16

Understanding, Detecting, and Repairing Real-World In-Context-Learning-Based Text-to-SQL Errors

作者:
Jiawei Shen↗Chengcheng Wan↗Ruoyi Qiao↗Jiazhen Zou↗Hang Xu↗Yuchen Shao↗Yueling Zhang↗Weikai Miao↗Geguang Pu↗

Large language models (LLMs) have been adopted for text-to-SQL tasks, utilizing their in-context learning (ICL) capability to translate natural language questions into SQL queries. However, such a technique faces correctness problems. In this paper, we conduct the first comprehensive study of text-to-SQL errors of ICL-based techniques. Our study covers four representative ICL-based techniques, five basic repairing methods, two benchmarks, and two LLM settings. We find that text-to-SQL errors are widespread and summarize 27 error types of 7 categories. We also find that existing repairing attempts have limited correctness improvement while having high computational overhead and many mis-repairs. Based on these findings, we propose MapleDoctor, a novel text-to-SQL error detection and repairing framework. The evaluation demonstrates that MapleDoctor outperforms existing solutions by repairing 13.8% more queries with a negligible number of mis-repairs and reducing 67.4% repair latency. The artifact is publicly available at GitHub.

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19.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-11

Measuring Epistemic Resilience of LLMs Under Misleading Medical Context

作者:
Hongjian Zhou↗Xinyu Zou↗Jinge Wu↗Sean Wu↗Junchi Yu↗Bradley Max Segal↗Tobias Erich Niebuhr↗Sara Amro↗Michael Petrus↗Sheikh Momin↗Alexandra M. Cardoso Pinto↗Rachel Niesen↗…

Large language models (LLMs) now reach expert-level scores on medical licensing exams, encouraging the assumption that high scores imply safe medical judgment while patients increasingly use them for health advice. We show this assumption is fragile: when misleading context is injected into questions that LLMs originally answer correctly, they abandon the correct answer. We call the ability to maintain correct judgment under adversarial context epistemic resilience, and introduce MedMisBench to measure it. MedMisBench contains 10,932 medical question items and 48,889 misleading context-option pairs spanning medical reasoning, agentic capability, and patient-journey evaluation. Across 11 model configurations, mean accuracy falls from 71.1% on original questions to 38.0% under focused misleading context, with 51.5% attack success. The most damaging injections are formal, rule-like fabrications: authority-framed falsehoods reach 69.5% attack success and exception-poisoning claims reach 64.1%. A 14-member clinical panel from 7 countries identified serious potential harm in 38.2% of reviewed cases. MedMisBench exposes a structural blind spot in LLM evaluation in medical settings: existing benchmarks measure what models know, but not whether they preserve correct medical judgment under misleading context.

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20.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-24

Segmentation and Classification of Pap Smear Images for Cervical Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning

作者:
Nisreen Albzour↗Sarah S. Lam↗

Cervical cancer remains a significant global health concern and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Early detection through Pap smear tests is essential to reduce mortality rates; however, the manual examination is time consuming and prone to human error. This study proposes a deep learning framework that integrates U-Net for segmentation and a classification model to enhance diagnostic performance. The Herlev Pap Smear Dataset, a publicly available cervical cell dataset, was utilized for training and evaluation. The impact of segmentation on classification performance was evaluated by comparing the model trained on segmented images and another trained on non-segmented images. Experimental results showed that the use of segmented images marginally improved the model performance on precision (about 0.41 percent higher) and F1-score (about 1.30 percent higher), which suggests a slightly more balanced classification performance. While segmentation helps in feature extraction, the results showed that its impact on classification performance appears to be limited. The proposed framework offers a supplemental tool for clinical applications, which may aid pathologists in early diagnosis.

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21.
arXiv (CS.CV) 2026-06-19

LaTtE-Flow: Layerwise Timestep-Expert Flow-based Transformer

作者:
Ying Shen↗Zhiyang Xu↗Jiuhai Chen↗Shizhe Diao↗Jiaxin Zhang↗Yuguang Yao↗Joy Rimchala↗Ismini Lourentzou↗Lifu Huang↗

Recent advances in multimodal foundation models unifying image understanding and generation have opened exciting avenues for tackling a wide range of vision-language tasks within a single framework. Despite progress, existing unified models typically require extensive pretraining and struggle to achieve the same level of performance compared to models dedicated to each task. Additionally, many of these models suffer from slow image generation speeds, limiting their practical deployment in real-time or resource-constrained settings. In this work, we propose Layerwise Timestep-Expert Flow-based Transformer (LaTtE-Flow), a novel and efficient architecture that unifies image understanding and generation within a single multimodal model. LaTtE-Flow builds upon powerful pretrained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to inherit strong multimodal understanding capabilities, and extends them with a novel Layerwise Timestep Experts flow-based architecture for efficient image generation. LaTtE-Flow distributes the flow-matching process across specialized groups of Transformer layers, each responsible for a distinct subset of timesteps. This design significantly improves sampling efficiency by activating only a small subset of layers at each sampling timestep. To further enhance performance, we propose a Timestep-Conditioned Residual Attention mechanism for efficient information reuse across layers. Experiments demonstrate that LaTtE-Flow achieves strong performance on multimodal understanding tasks, while achieving competitive image generation quality with around 6x faster inference speed compared to recent unified multimodal models.

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22.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-24

ScaleToT: Generalizing Structured LLM Reasoning for Billion-Scale Low-Activity User Modeling

作者:
Tianbao Ma↗Chang Xi↗Yichuan Zou↗Chengen Li↗Linxun Chen↗Zilong Lu↗Yanan Niu↗Zhaojie Liu↗Han Li↗Kun Gai↗

arXiv:2606.24605v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate user modeling often depends on rich interaction histories, which are unavailable for billions of low-activity users. Large Language Models (LLMs) can infer latent user states from static profiles, but this reasoning becomes unreliable when profiles are sparse, and applying an LLM to billions of users is prohibitively expensive. We present ScaleToT, which learns structured reasoning from a small LLM-processed subset and extends it to the broader low-activity user population. To improve reasoning reliability, ScaleToT constructs typed user-state chains with a bounded entropy-guided Tree-of-Thought (ToT) refinement procedure. To make this structured reasoning usable from sparse profiles, the teacher-curated chains are used to train a student model on static profiles through supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and Outcome-Driven Segment-Aware Implicit Reward Policy Optimization (OSIPO). ScaleToT then transfers the student's reasoning representations to a lightweight profile encoder, providing shared reasoning signals for the remaining users without LLM inference. We evaluate ScaleToT on lifetime value (LTV) prediction in a billion-scale advertising deployment. A randomized online A/B test increased LT30 by 6.738\%, while offline reasoning covered only 7.32\% of the potential population, greatly reducing compute cost compared with full-population reasoning.

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23.
arXiv (quant-ph) 2026-06-17

Frequency upconversion of infrared signals via molecular cavity optomechanical systems with gain

作者:
Shu-Xian Quan↗Fen Zou↗Yong Li↗

arXiv:2606.17877v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Molecular cavity optomechanical systems have recently emerged as a promising platform for enhancing infrared detection sensitivity, owing to their ability to up-convert low-frequency infrared (IR) photons to visible frequency range. Generally, under red-detuned pumping in such systems, the ideal conversion efficiency of the IR signal approaches 1. To overcome this efficiency constraint, we propose a scheme that incorporates gain into the infrared cavity of a molecular cavity optomechanical system comprising two cavities and an ensemble of N molecules. The upconversion process, which relies on IR absorption and Raman scattering associated with specific vibrational modes, is significantly amplified by the incorporation of gain under the red-detuned conditions. Moreover, our analysis demonstrates that the added noise is maintained near 0.5.

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24.
arXiv (CS.CL) 2026-06-25

The cognitive, affective, and behavioral expression of self-stigma among people who use drugs in online substance use communities

作者:
Layla Bouzoubaa↗Hyung Wook Choi↗Milan Varghese↗Valerie Earnshaw↗Rezvaneh Rezapour↗

Objectives: To develop a codebook for self-stigma across cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains, and to estimate the prevalence, co-occurrence, and temporal patterns of these indicators in Reddit posts by people who use drugs. Methods: We developed a ten-indicator codebook through consensus-based abductive coding spanning cognitive (self-labeling, pessimism/self-defeatism, deservingness/worthlessness), affective (shame, guilt/self-blame, despair/hopelessness), and behavioral (concealment, anticipated rejection, desire to quit, ambivalence) domains; two coders reached substantial agreement (Cohen's k = 0.72). We then scaled classification with a large language model validated against expert coding (k = 0.73, F1 = 0.80), analyzing 72,115 thread-initiating posts from 1,660 English-language users (2006-2025). Results: 3,838 posts (5.3%) from 1,228 users (74.0%) contained self-stigma; all ten indicators discriminated self-stigma posts (RR 3.6 to 86.2), led by self-labeling (56.0%) and despair/hopelessness (48.5%). Self-stigma was integrated: core and behavioral indicators were strongly associated at the user level (OR = 4.65, 95% CI 3.12-6.94, p < 0.001), and 87.0% of posts with behavioral indicators also contained a core indicator. Contrary to progressive models, behavioral indicators emerged earlier than core ones (desire to quit at median position 0.08 vs. shame at 0.38). Nine of ten indicators were stable across posting trajectories; only pessimism increased (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.25-2.10). Conclusion: Among people who use drugs online, self-stigma is an integrated phenomenon in which behavioral indicators rarely appear without internalized ones and often precede them. Most expressions remain stable over time, but pessimism about change deepens, marking a target for early digital intervention and showing that progressive stage models do not map directly onto textual disclosure.

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25.
arXiv (CS.AI) 2026-06-16

A Learning Method with Gap-Aware Generation for Heterogeneous DAG Scheduling

作者:
Ruisong Zhou↗Haijun Zou↗Li Zhou↗Chumin Sun↗Zaiwen Wen↗

arXiv:2603.23249v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Efficient scheduling of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is a core problem in large-scale data-intensive computing systems, where query plans, data-processing workloads, and computation graphs consist of dependent tasks competing for limited heterogeneous resource pools. In practice, achieving high-performance execution requires schedulers to adapt across environments with varying resource pools and task types, while generating schedules under tight runtime budgets. We propose WeCAN, an end-to-end reinforcement learning framework for heterogeneous DAG scheduling that addresses task-pool compatibility coefficients and generation-induced optimality gaps. It adopts a two-stage single-pass design: a single forward pass produces task-pool scores and global parameters, followed by a generation map that constructs schedules without repeated network calls. Its weighted cross-attention encoder models task-pool interactions gated by compatibility coefficients, and is size-agnostic to environment fluctuations. Moreover, widely used list-scheduling maps can incur generation-induced optimality gaps from restricted reachability. We introduce an order-space analysis that characterizes the reachable set of generation maps via feasible schedule orders, explains the mechanism behind generation-induced gaps, and yields sufficient conditions for gap elimination. Guided by these conditions, we design a skip-extended realization with an analytically parameterized decreasing skip rule, which enlarges the reachable order set while preserving single-pass efficiency. Experiments on real-world TPC-H query DAGs, resource-intensive workload datasets, and ML-compiler computation graphs demonstrate improved makespan over strong baselines, with inference time comparable to classical heuristics and faster than multi-round neural schedulers.

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